RESUMO
Consuming wildmeat may protect against iron-deficiency anemia, a serious public health problem globally. Contributing to debates on the linkages between wildmeat and the health of forest-proximate people, we investigate whether wildmeat consumption is associated with hemoglobin concentration in rural and urban children (< 5 years old) in central Brazilian Amazonia. Because dietary practices mediate the potential nutritional benefits of wildmeat, we also examined whether its introduction into children's diets is influenced by rural/urban location or household socio-economic characteristics. Sampling 610 children, we found that wildmeat consumption is associated with higher hemoglobin concentration among the rural children most vulnerable to poverty, but not in the least vulnerable rural, or urban children. Rural caregivers share wildmeat with children earlier-in-life than urban caregivers, potentially because of cultural differences, lower access to domesticated meat, and higher wildmeat consumption by rural households (four times the urban average). If wildmeat becomes unavailable through stricter regulations or over-harvesting, we predict a ~ 10% increased prevalence of anemia among extremely poor rural children. This modest protective effect indicates that ensuring wildmeat access is, alone, insufficient to control anemia. Sustainable wildlife management could enhance the nutritional benefits of wildlife for vulnerable Amazonians, but reducing multidimensional poverty and improving access to quality healthcare are paramount.
Assuntos
Anemia , Saúde da Criança , Anemia/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Lactente , População RuralAssuntos
Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Árvores , Agricultura/economia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Mudança Climática , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/economia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/estatística & dados numéricos , Custos e Análise de Custo , Política PúblicaRESUMO
Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, "mad cow disease") outbreaks and China's economic growth. The expanding role of these economic "teleconnections" (coupled phenomena that take place in distant places on the planet) led to a 3-year period (2002-2004) of historically high deforestation rates. But it also increases the potential for large-scale conservation in the region as markets and finance institutions demand better environmental and social performance of beef and soy producers. Cattle ranchers and soy farmers who have generally opposed ambitious government regulations that require forest reserves on private property are realizing that good land stewardship-including compliance with legislation-may increase their access to expanding domestic and international markets and to credit and lower the risk of "losing" their land to agrarian reform. The realization of this potential depends on the successful negotiation of social and environmental performance criteria and an associated system of certification that are acceptable to both the industries and civil society. The foot-and-mouth eradication system, in which geographic zones win permission to export beef, may provide an important model for the design of a low-cost, peer-enforced, socioenvironmental certification system that becomes the mechanism by which beef and soy industries gain access to markets outside the Amazon.
Assuntos
Agricultura/métodos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Glycine max , Cooperação Internacional , Árvores , Agricultura/economia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Humanos , Carne , Dinâmica Populacional , Crescimento Demográfico , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Aborda questões críticas e emergentes sobre o uso da terra no Pará. Avalia a capacidade das instituições regionais em identificar e tratar essas questões. Analisa sete das principais formas de uso dos recursos naturais. Identifica necessidades que devem ser abordadas para apoiar cada uma dessas formas. Identifica áreas prioritárias para o trabalho futuro das instituições regionais do Pará. Analisa vinte e três instituições regionais, incluindo órgãos públicos e ONGs. Verifica que muitas das agências governamentais sofrem de falta de clareza em sua missão e de formas não-participativas de administração. Em contrapartida, muitas ONGs possuem uma missão bem definida e uma equipe profundamente motivada, porém atuam dentro de uma escala extremamente limitada. Explora as formas pelas quais as agências governamentais podem se tornar muito mais eficientes na definição e realização de suas missões e diminuir o impacto trágico do desmatamento na Amazônia Oriental.