RESUMO

Benzimidazoles are the most common anthelminthic used for control of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Resistance to these compounds in the nematode Haemonchus contortus has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in codons 167 (F167Y) and 200 (F200Y) on the ß-tubulin isotype 1 gene. To determine the resistance profile to benzimidazoles of populations of H. contortus of goats of Brazilian semi-arid region, larvae of 29 populations of these nematodes were individually genotyped by real time PCR using a Taqman assay. The percentage of larvae homozygous (RR) for SNP F200Y was relatively low (18.9%), particularly when compared to SNP F167Y (32.7%), indicating that the latter has more relevance in this region. However, the associations between these two SNP demonstrate percentages of resistance ranging from 34.7% to 100% between populations, being the highest percentages for homozygous individuals resistant for the mutation 167 and susceptible to mutation 200 (RR-F167Y/F200Y-SS: 26.7%), followed by combination of heterozygous for both mutations (F167Y-SR/F200Y-SR: 22.8%). These results indicate high levels of resistance in populations of H. contortus of goats in the Brazilian semi-arid region, and thus ineffective antiparasitic control with the use of benzimidazoles in the region.

RESUMO

Galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of Haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (Gal11 and Gal14) and collectins (SPA and CGN) in sheep. Twelve Corriedale sheep exposed to natural infection with nematodes were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1, n = 7) and group 2 (G2, n = 5), with low and high parasite burdens, respectively, based on fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts. The fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. Galectin and collectin gene expression was observed in all sheep abomasal samples. However, animals with lower infection levels showed lower expression of the genes Gal14, SPA and CGN (p < 0.05). Expression of lectins was associated with the abomasal H. contortus burden, thus suggesting that these proteins may have a role in controlling of this infection.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of Haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (Gal11 and Gal14) and collectins (SPA and CGN) in sheep. Twelve Corriedale sheep exposed to natural infection with nematodes were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1, n = 7) and group 2 (G2, n = 5), with low and high parasite burdens, respectively, based on fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts. The fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts were significantly different (p 0.05) between the groups. Galectin and collectin gene expression was observed in all sheep abomasal samples. However, animals with lower infection levels showed lower expression of the genes Gal14, SPA and CGN (p 0.05). Expression of lectins was associated with the abomasal H. contortus burden, thus suggesting that these proteins may have a role in controlling of this infection.(AU)

Colectinas e galectinas são proteínas da família das lectinas que possuem a capacidade de reconhecer padrões moleculares associados aos patógenos. Estudos em bovinos têm demonstrado a alta expressão dessas proteínas durante a infecção por nematoides gastrintestinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se o nível de infecção de Haemonchus contortus altera a expressão de colectinas (SPA e CGN) e galectinas (Gal11 e Gal14) de ovinos. Doze ovinos da raça Corriedale expostos a infecção natural com nematoides foram separados em dois grupos: grupo 1 (G1, n=7) com menor grau de parasitismo; e grupo 2 (G2, n=5) com maior grau, a partir da contagem do número de parasitos recuperados do abomaso e OPG. A contagem de OPG e de parasitos recuperados do abomaso dos grupos G1 e G2 apresentaram diferença estatística (p 0,05). A expressão dos genes de colectinas e galectina foi observada em todas as amostras de abomaso dos ovinos, porém animais com menor grau de infecção apresentaram menor expressão dos genes de Gal14, SPA e CGN (p 0,05). A expressão de lectinas foi associada ao número de H. contortus encontrados no abomaso de ovinos, indicando um possível papel dessas proteínas no controle da infecção.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of Haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (Gal11 and Gal14) and collectins (SPA and CGN) in sheep. Twelve Corriedale sheep exposed to natural infection with nematodes were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1, n = 7) and group 2 (G2, n = 5), with low and high parasite burdens, respectively, based on fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts. The fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. Galectin and collectin gene expression was observed in all sheep abomasal samples. However, animals with lower infection levels showed lower expression of the genes Gal14, SPA and CGN (p < 0.05). Expression of lectins was associated with the abomasal H. contortus burden, thus suggesting that these proteins may have a role in controlling of this infection.

Colectinas e galectinas são proteínas da família das lectinas que possuem a capacidade de reconhecer padrões moleculares associados aos patógenos. Estudos em bovinos têm demonstrado a alta expressão dessas proteínas durante a infecção por nematoides gastrintestinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se o nível de infecção de Haemonchus contortus altera a expressão de colectinas (SPA e CGN) e galectinas (Gal11 e Gal14) de ovinos. Doze ovinos da raça Corriedale expostos a infecção natural com nematoides foram separados em dois grupos: grupo 1 (G1, n=7) com menor grau de parasitismo; e grupo 2 (G2, n=5) com maior grau, a partir da contagem do número de parasitos recuperados do abomaso e OPG. A contagem de OPG e de parasitos recuperados do abomaso dos grupos G1 e G2 apresentaram diferença estatística (p<0,05). A expressão dos genes de colectinas e galectina foi observada em todas as amostras de abomaso dos ovinos, porém animais com menor grau de infecção apresentaram menor expressão dos genes de Gal14, SPA e CGN (p<0,05). A expressão de lectinas foi associada ao número de H. contortus encontrados no abomaso de ovinos, indicando um possível papel dessas proteínas no controle da infecção.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Canine heartworm infections were frequently diagnosed in Brazil before the new millennium. After the year 2000, the frequency of diagnosis showed a sharp decline; however, a few years later, new evidence indicated that the parasite was still present and that canine infection rates seemed to be increasing. Therefore, an updated survey of canine heartworm prevalence was conducted in several locations in south, southeast, and northeast Brazil. METHODS: Dogs from 15 locations having previously reported a high prevalence of heartworm infection were included in the survey according to defined criteria, including the absence of treatment with a macrocyclic lactone for at least 1 year. Blood samples from 1531 dogs were evaluated by an in-clinic immunochromatography test kit (Witness® Heartworm, Zoetis, USA) for detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen. At each location, epidemiologic data, including physical characteristics and clinical signs reported by owners or observed by veterinarians, were recorded on prepared forms for tabulation of results by location, clinical signs, and physical characteristics. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of canine heartworm infection was 23.1%, with evidence of heartworm-infected dogs detected in all 15 locations studied. There was a tendency for higher prevalence rates in environmentally protected areas, despite some locations having less-than-ideal environmental temperatures for survival of vector mosquitoes. Among physical characteristics, it was noted that dogs with predominantly white hair coats and residing in areas with a high (≥20%) prevalence of heartworm were less likely to have heartworm infection detected by a commercial heartworm antigen test kit than were dogs with other coat colors. In general, dogs older than 2 years were more frequently positive for D. immitis antigen than were younger dogs. Clinical signs of heartworm infections were rare or owners were unable to detect them, and could not be used for reliable prediction of the presence of heartworm. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prevalence of D. immitis has increased in these areas of Brazil over the past few years. Small animal practitioners in these areas should include routine screening tests for heartworm infections in every dog's annual evaluation protocol and make sure to have uninfected dogs on prevention.

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RESUMO

Analisou-se a ocorrência da Falha de Transferência da Imunidade Passiva (FTIP) em 45 cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas saudáveis e pluríparas. Estes animais foram acompanhados do nascimento até o desmame (90 dias), por meio de avaliações físicas, do hemograma, determinação de proteínas séricas totais e seu fracionamento eletroforético entre 24-72h pós-nascimento (p.n.), aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade (quando era realizada a desmama). Adotando-se o ponto de corte para proteínas séricas totais da ordem de 4,5g/dL, obteve-se a ocorrência de FTIP de 24,4% (11 animais). Os cordeiros com FTIP apresentaram menores valores (p<0,05) de proteínas séricas, albumina, alfaglobulina, betaglobulina 1 e gamaglobulinas entre 24-72h p.n. quando comparados aos dos 34 animais que não tiveram FTIP. Porém, a partir dos sete dias de vida não foram observadas diferenças significativas destas variáveis entre os grupos, o que indica um processo de produção ativa de proteínas pelo grupo com FTIP.(AU)

It was analyzed the occurrence of the failure of passive transfer (FTIP) of the immunity 45 born lambs of healthy and pluriparous ewes. These animals were accompanied from the birth to the wean (90 days), when clinical evaluations were accomplished, hemogram, determination of total serum proteins and their electrophoretic fractions, 24-72h after the birth, to the 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age (at the same time of the wean). Adopting the cut point for total serumproteins of the order of 4.5g/dL, it was obtained the occurrence of FTIP of 24.4% (11 animals). The lambs with FTIP presented lowers values (p<0.05) of serum proteins, albumin, alpha-globulin, beta-globulin 1 and gamma globulins when compared to the 34 animals that have no FTIP. However, from 7th days of life it was not observed significant differences of these variables between groups, indicating the occurrence of a process of active production of proteins by group FTIP.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Analisou-se a ocorrência da Falha de Transferência da Imunidade Passiva (FTIP) em 45 cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas saudáveis e pluríparas. Estes animais foram acompanhados do nascimento até o desmame (90 dias), por meio de avaliações físicas, do hemograma, determinação de proteínas séricas totais e seu fracionamento eletroforético entre 24-72h pós-nascimento (p.n.), aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade (quando era realizada a desmama). Adotando-se o ponto de corte para proteínas séricas totais da ordem de 4,5g/dL, obteve-se a ocorrência de FTIP de 24,4% (11 animais). Os cordeiros com FTIP apresentaram menores valores (p<0,05) de proteínas séricas, albumina, alfaglobulina, betaglobulina 1 e gamaglobulinas entre 24-72h p.n. quando comparados aos dos 34 animais que não tiveram FTIP. Porém, a partir dos sete dias de vida não foram observadas diferenças significativas destas variáveis entre os grupos, o que indica um processo de produção ativa de proteínas pelo grupo com FTIP.

It was analyzed the occurrence of the failure of passive transfer (FTIP) of the immunity 45 born lambs of healthy and pluriparous ewes. These animals were accompanied from the birth to the wean (90 days), when clinical evaluations were accomplished, hemogram, determination of total serum proteins and their electrophoretic fractions, 24-72h after the birth, to the 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age (at the same time of the wean). Adopting the cut point for total serumproteins of the order of 4.5g/dL, it was obtained the occurrence of FTIP of 24.4% (11 animals). The lambs with FTIP presented lowers values (p<0.05) of serum proteins, albumin, alpha-globulin, beta-globulin 1 and gamma globulins when compared to the 34 animals that have no FTIP. However, from 7th days of life it was not observed significant differences of these variables between groups, indicating the occurrence of a process of active production of proteins by group FTIP.

Assuntos

RESUMO

It was evaluated the anthelmintic activity of Agave sisalana (sisal) juice against gastrointestinal nematodes and its potential toxic effects in goats. In vitro tests showed more than 95% reduction in larval counts of the genus Haemonchus spp. at concentrations between 86.5 and 146.3 mg.mL(-1). In vivo the percent reduction of larvae of the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) stages of Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus was less than 95% in groups GI and GII, and between 80 and 90% in group GIII. A. sisalana juice at the concentrations tested in vitro was effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats; however, its anthelmintic efficacy was reduced when administered to animals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

It was evaluated the anthelmintic activity of Agave sisalana (sisal) juice against gastrointestinal nematodes and its potential toxic effects in goats. In vitro tests showed more than 95 percent reduction in larval counts of the genus Haemonchus spp. at concentrations between 86.5 and 146.3 mg.mL-1. In vivo the percent reduction of larvae of the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) stages of Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus was less than 95 percent in groups GI and GII, and between 80 and 90 percent in group GIII. A. sisalana juice at the concentrations tested in vitro was effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats; however, its anthelmintic efficacy was reduced when administered to animals.

Foi avaliada a atividade anti-helmíntica do suco de Agave sisalana (sisal) contra nematódeos gastrintestinais e possíveis efeitos tóxicos em caprinos. Nos testes in vitro, encontrou-se redução superior a 95 por cento na contagem de larvas do gênero Haemonchus spp. nas concentrações entre 86,5 e 146,3 mg.mL-1. In vivo, o percentual de redução de larvas de quarto (L4) e quinto (L5) estágios de Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum e Trichostrongylus foi inferior a 95 por cento para o GI e GII, e entre 80 e 90 por cento para o GIII. O suco de A. sisalana nas concentrações testadas in vitro foi efetivo contra nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos, apresentando, no entanto, reduzida eficácia anti-helmíntica quando administrado nos animais.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A falha da transferência da imunidade passiva tem sido um grande obstáculo na ovinocultura e uma importante causa de enfermidades e mortalidades neonatais. Em busca de uma medida de manejo eficiente para sanar este problema, avaliou-se o efeito da idade e do monitoramento da administração do colostro na dinâmica do proteinograma sérico, utilizando-se 44 cordeiros divididos em dois grupos: ingestão de colostro monitorada (MO), contendo oito animais, e não monitorada (NM), com 36 animais, acompanhados com avaliação clínica, hemograma, determinação de proteínas séricas totais e seu fracionamento eletroforético 24-72h após o nascimento, aos sete, quinze, trinta, sessenta e noventa dias de idade. O grupo MO foi acompanhado em dois momentos adicionais: antes da ingestão do colostro e seis horas após. A proteína total e a gamaglobulina (g/dL) no grupo MO apresentaram valores mínimos após o nascimento (3,62±0,70 e 0,32±0,12) e máximos às 24-72h (7,98±1,95 e 3,39±1,13). Estas concentrações também apresentaram mesmo comportamento em NM, com valores menores (5,57±1,45 e 1,80±0,95), com diferença significativa (p≤0,05) entre grupos. Entre quinze a trinta dias os valores destas variáveis apresentaram diminuição em ambos os grupos, e elevaram-se até noventa dias. Em todos os momentos experimentais, o grupo MO demonstrou valores de gamaglobulinas superiores aos de NM. Conclui-se que a maioria das frações proteicas sofre variação com o desenvolvimento etário, principalmente a proteína total e a gamaglobulina, e o monitoramento da mamada do colostro elevou significativamente os teores de gamaglobulinas.(AU)

The failure of passive immunity transfer, which has been a major obstacle in the sheep industry, is an important cause of neonatal diseases and mortality. In search of an effective management measure to solve this problem, the effects of the age and the monitoring of colostrum administration on the dynamics of the serum proteins were evaluated. Forty-four lambs were used and divided into two groups: monitored colostrums intake (MO), with 8 animals, and non-monitored colostrums intake (NM), with 36 animals, along with clinical evaluation, hemogram and total serum protein assessment and its electrophoretic fractioning, 24-72h after birth, at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age. The MO group was followed in two additional times: before and six hours after colostrum intake. Total protein and gammaglobulin (g/dL) in the MO group presented the minimum values right after birth (3.62 ± 0.70 and 0.32 ± 0.12) and the maximum 24-72 hours after birth (7.98 ± 1.95 and 3.39 ± 1.13). Such concentrations also showed the same behavior in the NM group, with lower values (5.57 ± 1.45 and 1.80 ± 0.95), and with significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between groups. Between 15 to 30 days, the values of these variables decreased in both groups, and increased up to 90 days. In all experimental moments, the MO group showed higher values of gammaglobulin than NM group. The conclusions of this paper are that most of protein fractions, mainly total protein and gammaglobulin, undergo changes with the age development, and that the monitoring of colostrum intake increased significantly the levels of gammaglobulin.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A falha da transferência da imunidade passiva tem sido um grande obstáculo na ovinocultura e uma importante causa de enfermidades e mortalidades neonatais. Em busca de uma medida de manejo eficiente para sanar este problema, avaliou-se o efeito da idade e do monitoramento da administração do colostro na dinâmica do proteinograma sérico, utilizando-se 44 cordeiros divididos em dois grupos: ingestão de colostro monitorada (MO), contendo oito animais, e não monitorada (NM), com 36 animais, acompanhados com avaliação clínica, hemograma, determinação de proteínas séricas totais e seu fracionamento eletroforético 24-72h após o nascimento, aos sete, quinze, trinta, sessenta e noventa dias de idade. O grupo MO foi acompanhado em dois momentos adicionais: antes da ingestão do colostro e seis horas após. A proteína total e a gamaglobulina (g/dL) no grupo MO apresentaram valores mínimos após o nascimento (3,62±0,70 e 0,32±0,12) e máximos às 24-72h (7,98±1,95 e 3,39±1,13). Estas concentrações também apresentaram mesmo comportamento em NM, com valores menores (5,57±1,45 e 1,80±0,95), com diferença significativa (p≤0,05) entre grupos. Entre quinze a trinta dias os valores destas variáveis apresentaram diminuição em ambos os grupos, e elevaram-se até noventa dias. Em todos os momentos experimentais, o grupo MO demonstrou valores de gamaglobulinas superiores aos de NM. Conclui-se que a maioria das frações proteicas sofre variação com o desenvolvimento etário, principalmente a proteína total e a gamaglobulina, e o monitoramento da mamada do colostro elevou significativamente os teores de gamaglobulinas.

The failure of passive immunity transfer, which has been a major obstacle in the sheep industry, is an important cause of neonatal diseases and mortality. In search of an effective management measure to solve this problem, the effects of the age and the monitoring of colostrum administration on the dynamics of the serum proteins were evaluated. Forty-four lambs were used and divided into two groups: monitored colostrums intake (MO), with 8 animals, and non-monitored colostrums intake (NM), with 36 animals, along with clinical evaluation, hemogram and total serum protein assessment and its electrophoretic fractioning, 24-72h after birth, at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age. The MO group was followed in two additional times: before and six hours after colostrum intake. Total protein and gammaglobulin (g/dL) in the MO group presented the minimum values right after birth (3.62 ± 0.70 and 0.32 ± 0.12) and the maximum 24-72 hours after birth (7.98 ± 1.95 and 3.39 ± 1.13). Such concentrations also showed the same behavior in the NM group, with lower values (5.57 ± 1.45 and 1.80 ± 0.95), and with significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between groups. Between 15 to 30 days, the values of these variables decreased in both groups, and increased up to 90 days. In all experimental moments, the MO group showed higher values of gammaglobulin than NM group. The conclusions of this paper are that most of protein fractions, mainly total protein and gammaglobulin, undergo changes with the age development, and that the monitoring of colostrum intake increased significantly the levels of gammaglobulin.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium leaves in two experiments. In vitro test, cultures of goat fecal samples were treated with different concentrations of extract (134.5 to 335.0 mg.mL(-1)). In vivo test was composed of 20 sheep: G1: treated with 0.63 g.kg(-1), during four days; G2: same dose, for eight days; G3: ivermectin (200 microg.kg(-1)) and G4 untreated group. In vitro results showed a reduction of Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. larvae greater than 95% in the concentrations between 335.0 and 193.7 mg.mL(-1). Faecal egg counting reduction was 51, 56 and 90% in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, while immature stages and adults ranged from 0 to 91% in G1 and from 26 to 94% in G2. Ivermectin effectiveness was 99% for L4 and L5 of H. contortus and 100% for other nematodes species. Clinical and biochemical parameters have remained in the normality and histophatologic analyses did not show alteration suggesting absence of toxicity. Although the great effectiveness of Z. rhoifolium leaves extract in vitro test, it displayed poor efficiency in vivo regarding gastrointestinal nematodes reduction.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O estudo avaliou a atividade anti-helmíntica do extrato aquoso das folhas de Zanthoxylum rhoifolium em dois experimentos. O teste in vitro utilizou cultivos de fezes de caprinos tratados com diferentes concentrações do extrato: (134,5 a 335,0 mg.mL-1). No teste in vivo, utilizaram-se 20 ovelhas: G1 tratado durante quatro dias (0,63 g.kg-1 PV); G2, mesma dose, por oito dias; G3, ivermectina (200 μg.kg-1); e G4, sem tratamento. In vitro, observou-se redução de larvas de Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus e Oesophagostomum superior a 95% nas concentrações de 193,7 a 335,0 mg.mL-1. In vivo, a redução de ovos por grama de fezes foi de 51, 56 e 90%, respectivamente, para G1, G2 e G3, no oitavo dia de tratamento, enquanto para os estágios imaturos e adultos variou de 0 a 91% no G1 e 26 a 94% no G2. A eficácia da ivermectina alcançou 99% para L4 e L5 de H. contortus e 100% para as demais espécies de nematoides. Parâmetros clínicos e bioquímicos permaneceram na faixa de normalidade, e as análises histopatológicas não revelaram alterações sugestivas de toxicidade. Embora altamente efetivo in vitro, o extrato aquoso de folhas de Z. rhoifolium foi pouco eficaz in vivo na redução de nematoides gastrintestinais.

The study evaluated the anthelmintic activity of aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium leaves in two experiments. In vitro test, cultures of goat fecal samples were treated with different concentrations of extract (134.5 to 335.0 mg.mL-1). In vivo test was composed of 20 sheep: G1: treated with 0.63 g.kg-1, during four days; G2: same dose, for eight days; G3: ivermectin (200 μg.kg-1) and G4 untreated group. In vitro results showed a reduction of Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. larvae greater than 95% in the concentrations between 335.0 and 193.7 mg.mL-1. Faecal egg counting reduction was 51, 56 and 90% in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, while immature stages and adults ranged from 0 to 91% in G1 and from 26 to 94% in G2. Ivermectin effectiveness was 99% for L4 and L5 of H. contortus and 100% for other nematodes species. Clinical and biochemical parameters have remained in the normality and histophatologic analyses did not show alteration suggesting absence of toxicity. Although the great effectiveness of Z. rhoifolium leaves extract in vitro test, it displayed poor efficiency in vivo regarding gastrointestinal nematodes reduction.

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RESUMO

Este trabalho objetivou a determinação e comparação do perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de tartarugas cabeçudas (Carettacaretta), fêmeas, de vida livre (n=20) que desovam no Litoral Norte da Bahia e daquelas mantidas em cativeiro (n=5) no Centro de Visitantes do Projeto Tamar-Ibama da Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brasil. Os valores obtidos para os animais de vida livre para as variáveis foram: proteína total de 3,84±0,56g/dL, albumina 1,39±0,30g/dL, alfa-1 e alfa-2 globulina 0,34±0,09g/dL e 0,42±0,22g/dL, beta globulina0,57±0,26g/dL e gama globulina 1,16±0,30g/dL, e relação A:G de0,58±0,16. Para os animais cativos estes valores foram de: proteína total 4,98±1,31g/dL, albumina 1,64±0,55g/dL, enquanto que para as frações alfa-1, alfa-2, beta e gama globulinas de 0,39±0,24g/dL,0,68±0,44g/dL, 0,68±0,13g/dL e 1,59±0,31g/dL, respectivamente;e para a relação A:G de 0,49±0,08. Avaliando os resultadosobservaram-se diferenças estatísticas significativas (p<0,05) para os valores de proteína total onde os animais de cativeiro apresentaram níveis mais elevados, o que pode ser atribuído a alimentação rica emproteína oferecida, e para a gama globulina onde o grupo de vida livreobteve valores inferiores, possivelmente devido a umaimunodepressão relacionada ao estresse reprodutivo. Apesar destasdiferenças o padrão eletroforético foi semelhante entre os gruposestudados.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare the serum protein electrophoresis profile in female loggerhead sea turtles(Caretta caretta), free-ranging (n=20) nesting in the north coast of Bahia and in the animals kept in captivity (n=5) in the visitor center of the Projeto Tamar-Ibama, in Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil. The values obtained for the free-ranging turtles were: total protein 3,84±0,56g/dL, albumin 1,39±0,30g/dL, alfa-1 and alfa-2 globulin 0,34±0,09g/dL and 0,42±0,22g/dL, beta globulin 0,57±0,26g/dL,and gama globulin 1,16±0,30g/dL, and A:G ratio 0,58±0,16, while for the captives ones these values were: total protein 4,98±1,31g/dL, albumin 1,64±0,55g/dL, alfa-1, alfa-2, beta and gama globulin 0,39±0,24g/dL, 0,68±0,44g/dL, 0,68±0,13g/dL and 1,59±0,31g/dL, respectively; A:G ratio 0,49±0,08. The total protein values were significantly higher (p<0,05) for the captivity turtles; this fact may berelated with the high protein feeding. Differences were also identifiedfor the gamma globulin for the free-ranging, which presented lowervalues, probably due to reproductive stress and immunosuppression.Despite these considerations, the electrophoresis profile for the twologgerhead turtles groups were similar in general.(AU)

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RESUMO

Este trabalho objetivou a determinação e comparação do perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas de tartarugas cabeçudas (Carettacaretta), fêmeas, de vida livre (n=20) que desovam no Litoral Norte da Bahia e daquelas mantidas em cativeiro (n=5) no Centro de Visitantes do Projeto Tamar-Ibama da Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brasil. Os valores obtidos para os animais de vida livre para as variáveis foram: proteína total de 3,84±0,56g/dL, albumina 1,39±0,30g/dL, alfa-1 e alfa-2 globulina 0,34±0,09g/dL e 0,42±0,22g/dL, beta globulina0,57±0,26g/dL e gama globulina 1,16±0,30g/dL, e relação A:G de0,58±0,16. Para os animais cativos estes valores foram de: proteína total 4,98±1,31g/dL, albumina 1,64±0,55g/dL, enquanto que para as frações alfa-1, alfa-2, beta e gama globulinas de 0,39±0,24g/dL,0,68±0,44g/dL, 0,68±0,13g/dL e 1,59±0,31g/dL, respectivamente;e para a relação A:G de 0,49±0,08. Avaliando os resultadosobservaram-se diferenças estatísticas significativas (p<0,05) para osvalores de proteína total onde os animais de cativeiro apresentaramníveis mais elevados...

The purpose of this study was to determine and to compare the serum protein electrophoresis profile in female loggerhead sea turtles(Caretta caretta), free-ranging (n=20) nesting in the north coast of Bahia and in the animals kept in captivity (n=5) in the visitor center of the Projeto Tamar-Ibama, in Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil. The values obtained for the free-ranging turtles were: total protein 3,84±0,56g/dL, albumin 1,39±0,30g/dL, alfa-1 and alfa-2 globulin 0,34±0,09g/dL and 0,42±0,22g/dL, beta globulin 0,57±0,26g/dL,and gama globulin 1,16±0,30g/dL, and A:G ratio 0,58±0,16, while for the captives ones these values were: total protein 4,98±1,31g/dL, albumin 1,64±0,55g/dL, alfa-1, alfa-2, beta and gama globulin 0,39±0,24g/dL, 0,68±0,44g/dL, 0,68±0,13g/dL and 1,59±0,31g/dL, respectively; A:G ratio 0,49±0,08. The total protein values were significantly higher (p<0,05)...

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RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sporulated Neospora caninum oocysts, which had been stored for 46 mo in a 2% sulfuric acid solution at 4 degrees C, remain morphologically viable and infective to gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Six gerbils were orally inoculated with doses of 400 or 1,200 oocysts. Two mo after inoculation, the animals did not show any clinical signs, had no histological lesions, and were seronegative for N. caninum at 1: 50 in an immunofluorescent antibody test. PCR using the brain from each gerbil did not reveal N. caninum specific DNA. We conclude that oocysts preserved for 46 mo are not infective, despite being morphologically intact.

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RESUMO

A freqüência de anticorpos IgG anti-Neospora caninum foi estudada em 415 amostras séricas de cães domiciliados e errantes, procedentes dos municípios baianos de Salvador e Lauro de Freitas, utilizando-se a técnica de imunofluorescência indireta, com ponto de corte igual a 1:50. Anticorpos da classe IgG anti-N. caninum foram detectados em 13,3% (22/165) dos cães domiciliados e em 11,2% (28/250) dos errantes. As freqüências de soropositivos machos e fêmeas foram 8,0% (6/75) e 18,4% (14/76) nos cães domiciliados e 12,6% (17/135) e 9,6% (11/115) nos errantes, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre sexo, idade, raça e a freqüência de soropositividade ao N. caninum dos cães domiciliados e errantes.(AU)

The frequency of anti-Neospora caninum IgG antibodies was studied in 415 serum samples from owned and stray dogs from Salvador and Lauro de Freitas counties. The Indirect immunofluorescence was performed using a cut-off of 1:50. Anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies were detected in 13.3% (22/165) owned dogs and in 11.2% (28/250) stray dogs. The frequencies of males and females seropositivity were 8.0% (6/75) and 18.4% (14/76) for owned dogs and 12.6 % (17/ 135) and 9.6% (11/115) in the stray dogs population, respectively. There were not a statistical significant difference between sex, age, breed and the dogs anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies incidence.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A freqüência de anticorpos IgG anti-Neospora caninum foi estudada em 415 amostras séricas de cães domiciliados e errantes, procedentes dos municípios baianos de Salvador e Lauro de Freitas, utilizando-se a técnica de imunofluorescência indireta, com ponto de corte igual a 1:50. Anticorpos da classe IgG anti-N. caninum foram detectados em 13,3% (22/165) dos cães domiciliados e em 11,2% (28/250) dos errantes. As freqüências de soropositivos machos e fêmeas foram 8,0% (6/75) e 18,4% (14/76) nos cães domiciliados e 12,6% (17/135) e 9,6% (11/115) nos errantes, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre sexo, idade, raça e a freqüência de soropositividade ao N. caninum dos cães domiciliados e errantes.

The frequency of anti-Neospora caninum IgG antibodies was studied in 415 serum samples from owned and stray dogs from Salvador and Lauro de Freitas counties. The Indirect immunofluorescence was performed using a cut-off of 1:50. Anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies were detected in 13.3% (22/165) owned dogs and in 11.2% (28/250) stray dogs. The frequencies of males and females seropositivity were 8.0% (6/75) and 18.4% (14/76) for owned dogs and 12.6 % (17/ 135) and 9.6% (11/115) in the stray dogs population, respectively. There were not a statistical significant difference between sex, age, breed and the dogs anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies incidence.

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RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do suco de alho sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de caprinos. Foram utilizados 20 animais, distribuídos em dois grupos tratados com o suco de alho, um grupo tratado com ivermectina e um grupo controle sem tratamento. Os percentuais de redução do número de ovos e larvas de Strongyloidea foram inferiores a 95 por cento para todos os grupos. O tratamento de caprinos com o suco de alho não foi eficiente no controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais.

RESUMO

O Toxoplasma gondii é um coccídio intestinal intracelular obrigatório dos felídeos, de distribuição cosmopolita, descoberto em 1908 por Nicolle & Manceaux. O primeiro relato na espécie canina ocorreu em 1910, na Itália e, no Brasil em 1911. Objetivando-se avaliar a freqüência deste parasito, na população de cães errantes da cidade de Salvador-Ba, foram coletadas 225 amostras de sangue, de animais provenientes de 10 distritos sanitários. Os soros foram submetidos a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii, utilizando-se a cepa AS28. Foram detectados 143 amostras positivas, representando uma freqüência de 63,55.00 por cento. As freqüências nos distritos sanitários foram as seguintes: Itapagipe 33,33 por cento; São Caetano/Valéria 46,15.00 por cento; Brotas 42,11 por cento; Barra/Rio Vermelho 64,28 por cento; Boca do Rio 80,00 por cento; Itapuã 65,38 por cento; Cabula/Beiru 80,64 por cento; Pau da Lima 73,91 por cento; Cajazeiras 64,70 por cento e Subúrbio Ferroviário 73,33 por cento. Os títulos encontrados variaram de 1:16 à 1:16384, sendo 1:16 (28,67 por cento), 1:64 (44,76 por cento), 1:256 (21,68 por cento), 1:1024 (4,20 por cento) e 1:16384 (0,70 por cento). Dos 123 machos e 102 fêmeas, 67,48 por cento e 58,82 por cento foram sororeagentes, respectivamente. Com relação à idade, dos 198 adultos e 27 jovens, 70,20 por cento e 14,80 por cento apresentaram-se soropositivos, respectivamente. As variáveis idade e distrito sanitário apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05).(AU)

Assuntos