RESUMO
Importance: Latin America has implemented the world's largest and most consolidated conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs during the last 2 decades. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, poverty rates have markedly increased, and a large number of newly low-income individuals, especially children, have been left unprotected. Objective: To evaluate the association of CCT programs with child health in Latin American countries during the last 2 decades and forecast child mortality trends up to 2030 according to CCT alternative implementation options. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used a multicountry, longitudinal, ecological design with multivariable negative binomial regression models, which were adjusted for all relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and health care variables, integrating the retrospective impact evaluations from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019, with dynamic microsimulation models to forecast potential child mortality scenarios up to 2030. The study cohort included 4882 municipalities from Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico with adequate quality of civil registration and vital statistics according to a validated multidimensional criterion. Data analysis was performed from September 2022 to February 2023. Exposure: Conditional cash transfer coverage of the target (lowest-income) population categorized into 4 levels: low (0%-29.9%), intermediate (30.0%-69.9%), high (70.0%-99.9%), and consolidated (≥100%). Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcomes were mortality rates for those younger than 5 years and hospitalization rates (per 1000 live births), overall and by poverty-related causes (diarrheal, malnutrition, tuberculosis, malaria, lower respiratory tract infections, and HIV/AIDS), and the mortality rates for those younger than 5 years by age groups, namely, neonatal (0-28 days), postneonatal (28 days to 1 year), infant (<1 year), and toddler (1-4 years). Results: The retrospective analysis included 4882 municipalities. During the study period of January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019, mortality in Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico decreased by 7.8% in children and 6.5% in infants, and an increase in coverage of CCT programs of 76.8% was observed in these Latin American countries. Conditional cash transfer programs were associated with significant reductions of mortality rates in those younger than 5 years (rate ratio [RR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.75-0.76), having prevented 738â¯919 (95% CI, 695â¯641-782â¯104) child deaths during this period. The association of highest coverage of CCT programs was stronger with poverty-related diseases, such as malnutrition (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.31-0.35), diarrhea (RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.40-0.43), lower respiratory tract infections (RR, 0.66, 95% CI, 0.65-0.68), malaria (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93), tuberculosis (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.79), and HIV/AIDS (RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.28-0.37). Several sensitivity and triangulation analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Considering a scenario of moderate economic crisis, a mitigation strategy that will increase the coverage of CCTs to protect those newly in poverty could reduce the mortality rate for those younger than 5 years by up to 17% (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.80-0.85) and prevent 153â¯601 (95% CI, 127â¯441-180â¯600) child deaths by 2030 in Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this cohort study suggest that the expansion of CCT programs could strongly reduce childhood hospitalization and mortality in Latin America and should be considered an effective strategy to mitigate the health impact of the current global economic crisis in low- and middle-income countries.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Desnutrição , Infecções Respiratórias , Tuberculose , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Criança , Mortalidade da Criança , América Latina/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The third-generation of aromatase inhibitors (AIs)-Exemestane (Exe), Letrozole (Let), and Anastrozole (Ana)-is the main therapeutic approach applied for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), the most common neoplasm in women worldwide. Despite their success, the development of resistance limits their efficacy. Genistein (G), a phytoestrogen present in soybean, has promising anticancer properties in ER+ BC cells, even when combined with anticancer drugs. Thus, the potential beneficial effects of combining G with AIs were investigated in sensitive (MCF7-aro) and resistant (LTEDaro) BC cells. METHODS: The effects on cell proliferation and expression of aromatase, ERα/ERß, and AR receptors were evaluated. RESULTS: Unlike the combination of G with Ana or Let, which negatively affects the Ais' therapeutic efficacy, G enhanced the anticancer properties of the steroidal AI Exe, increasing the antiproliferative effect and apoptosis relative to Exe. The hormone targets studied were not affected by this combination when compared with Exe. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first in vitro study that highlights the potential benefit of G as an adjuvant therapy with Exe, emphasizing, however, that soy derivatives widely used in the diet or applied as auxiliary medicines may increase the risk of adverse interactions with nonsteroidal AIs used in therapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias da Mama , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores da Aromatase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Aromatase/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Genisteína/farmacologia , Genisteína/uso terapêutico , Letrozol , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Nitrilas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Objetivo: Perceber, por meio de informadores qualificados, como os profissionais de saúde, quais os contributos da alfabetização em saúde para o sistema, os profissionais de saúde e os pacientes. Método: foi aplicada a técnica do focus group, em um processo bietápico, cerca de 600 profissionais de saúde a atuar em Portugual. Para tratar os conteúdos recolhidos nos focus groups, usou-se a análise de conteúdo qualitativa. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que a alfabetização em saúde é um assunto piloto para os profissionais de saúde. A melhor gestão de custos, a eficiência, o menor desperdício e o reaproveitamento de recursos materiais e técnicos, a coordenação mais equilibrada da burocracia são alguns dos contributos para o sistema. Os contributos para os profissionais de saúde são diversos, destacando-se o poupar tempo, que eles disponibilizarão para outros investimentos, uma maior satisfação e o bem-estar. Os pacientes se beneficiarão com o acesso a melhores cuidados de saúde, o aumento da prevenção da doença, da qualidade de vida e de saúde, o autoinvestimento, a autogestão, a segurança em saúde, a satisfação, entre outros ganhos. Conclusão: O investimento na alfabetização em saúde traduz-se em ganhos para a tríade sistema-profissional-paciente e na efetividade e eficiência dos resultados em saúde, sobretudo no contexto de crises pandêmicas como a motivada pela COVID-19. A cadeia sistema-profissional-paciente está em constante dinâmica e retroalimenta-se positivamente, funcionando em um círculo virtuoso, cuja alavanca é a comunicação.
Objective: To understand, through qualified informants such as health professionals, the contributions of health literacy to the system, health professionals and patients. Method: The focus group technique was applied, in a two-phase process, to about 600 active health professionals in Portuguese health institutions. To treat the contents collected in the focus groups, qualitative content analysis was used. Results: The results show that health literacy is a pilot issue for health professionals. Better cost management, efficiency, less waste and reuse of material and technical resources, more balanced coordination of bureaucracy are some of the contributions to the system. The contributions for health professionals are diverse, especially saving time, which they will make available for other investments, greater satisfaction, and well-being. Patients will benefit from access to better health care, increased disease prevention, quality of life and health, self-investment, self-management, health security, satisfaction, among other gains. Conclusion: Investment in health literacy translates into gains for the system-professional-patient triad and the effectiveness and efficiency of health outcomes, especially in the context of pandemic crises such as that motivated by COVID-19. The system-professional-patient chain is in constant dynamics and feedbacks positively, working in a virtuous circle, whose lever is communication.
Assuntos
Comunicação em Saúde , Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Comunicação , Atenção à Saúde , Pandemias , Alfabetização , COVID-19RESUMO
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Visual shade matching is subjective and a cause of concern for clinicians. Different measurement devices have been developed to assist in tooth color selection and to achieve better esthetic results. However, consensus is lacking as to which method of tooth shade selection provides more predictable results. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the reliability of different visual and instrumental methods for dental shade matching. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Visual shade matching was performed by 3 experienced clinicians using 2 different shade guides (VITA Classical A1-D4 and VITA Toothguide 3D-MASTER with 29 tabs; VITA Zahnfabrik) with and without the aid of a light-correcting device (Smile Lite; Smile Line). An intraoral scanner (TRIOS; 3Shape A/S) and a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0; VITA Zahnfabrik) were also used for color shade matching. The instrumental methods were repeated 3 times to determine repeatability. Shade-matching sessions for each method were performed under controlled lighting on the middle third of the maxillary right central incisor of 28 participants. The Fleiss' kappa statistical test was used to assess the reliability of each method. The weighted kappa statistical test was used to assess the agreement between the shades matched by different methods (α=.05). RESULTS: Instrumental methods were more accurate than visual methods. The best performance was found for the intraoral scanner configured for the 3D-MASTER scale (Fleiss' kappa value of .874) and for the spectrophotometer configured for the VITA Classical scale (Fleiss' kappa value of .805). The best visual shade-matching method was the VITA Classical scale associated with the light-correcting device (Fleiss' kappa value of .322). The Classical scale without the light-correcting device showed the poorest reliability (Fleiss' kappa value of .177) (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Instrumental methods for color shade matching were more reliable than the visual methods tested.
Assuntos
Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Pigmentação em Prótese , Cor , Percepção de Cores , Estética Dentária , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
Asepsis, defined as the absence of microbial contamination, is one of the most important requirements of plant micropropagation. In long-term micropropagated cultures, there may occasionally occur scattered microorganism growth in the culture medium. These microorganisms are common plant components and are known as latent endophytes. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the presence of endophytic bacteria in asymptomatic pineapple and orchid microplants, which were cultivated in three laboratories for 1 year. Isolation and characterization of bacterial isolates, PCR-DGGE from total genomic DNA of microplants and ultrastructural analysis of leaves were performed. In the culture-dependent technique, it was only possible to obtain bacterial isolates from pineapple microplants. In this case, the bacteria genera identified in the isolation technique were Bacillus, Acinetobacter, and Methylobacterium. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses revealed the presence of endophytic bacteria in intracellular spaces in the leaves of pineapple and orchid microplants, independent of the laboratory or cultivation protocol. Our results strongly indicate that there are endophytic bacterial communities inhabiting the microplants before initiation of the in vitro culture and that some of these endophytes persist in their latent form and can also grow in the culture medium even after long-term micropropagation, thus discarding the concept of "truly axenic plants."
Assuntos
Ananas/microbiologia , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Endófitos/isolamento & purificação , Orchidaceae/microbiologia , Ananas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cultura Axênica , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Biodiversidade , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Endófitos/classificação , Endófitos/genética , Orchidaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
We performed a survey of observed changes during last five years answered by caregivers of 195 people with mild to moderate intellectual disability (age 35-60 years) in domains: daily activities; neurological and psychic/psychiatric functions. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) among individuals with intellectual disability (with and without Down syndrome) and healthy controls with referred deterioration in all areas.
Se realizó un estudio de los cambios observados durante los últimos cinco años respondidas por los cuidadores de 195 personas con discapacidad intelectual leve a moderada (edad 35-60 años) en los dominios: las actividades diarias; las funciones neurológicas y psíquicas / psiquiátricos. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p <0,05) entre las personas con discapacidad intelectual (con y sin síndrome de Down) y controles sanos con el deterioro reportado en todas las áreas.
Uma pesquisa foi realizada sobre mudanças observadas por cuidadores, durante os últimos cinco anos, em 195 pessoas com deficiência intelectual leve a moderada (idade 35-60 anos), nos seguintes domínios: atividades diárias, funções neurológicas e psíquicas. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre os indivíduos com deficiência intelectual (com e sem síndrome de Down) e controles saudáveis com deterioração referida em todas as áreas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Percepção , Processo Saúde-Doença , Cuidadores , Envelhecimento , Grupos Controle , Inquéritos e Questionários , Síndrome de Down , Deficiência Intelectual/complicaçõesRESUMO
The goal of this study was to evaluate the population structure of Lonchocarpus cultratus located in a riparian zone in the flood plain of the upper Paraná River. Data were collected on the stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and the plant height from two phytosociological inventories, which were performed with a 14- year interval, using data collected in studies conducted in 1992 and 2006 in an Atlantic Forest riparian zone remnant of Paraná State, Brazil. Class intervals for DBH and plant height were defined using the Spiegel equation, and the measured values were distributed between the different distinct classes. The distribution of individuals between the different DBH classes was analyzed using de Liocourt's quotient (q). For both stages of the study, the DBH distribution resulted in an inverted-J curve, as expected for uneven-aged forests. The distribution of the height values was irregular, as expected for an early succession species. The de Liocourt q indicated an unbalanced distribution for both stages. However, there was a tendency towards balance in the second stage. The results imply that the studied population was maturing and maintaining its self-regenerating capacity while tending towards balance and presenting behavior characteristic of early succession species.
Com o objetivo de avaliar a estrutura populacional de Lonchocarpus cultratus em um trecho de floresta ripária localizado na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, analisaram-se os dados de diâmetro e altura obtidos a partir de dois inventários fitossociológicos realizados com intervalo de 14 anos, utilizando-se dados coletados em estudos desenvolvidos em 1992 e 2006 em um remanescente ripário de Mata Atlântica, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os valores de diâmetro e de altura foram distribuídos em intervalos de classes definidos pela fórmula de Spiegel e o quociente "q" de Liocourt foi aplicado para a análise da distribuição de indivíduos entre as classes de diâmetro. A distribuição diamétrica, nas duas etapas do estudo, resultou em uma curva na forma de J-invertido, como esperado para florestas inequiâneas. A distribuição dos valores de altura mostrou-se irregular, característica de espécies de estágios iniciais de sucessão. O quociente "q " de Liocourt apresentou-se com uma distribuição não balanceada para ambas as etapas, porém observou-se uma tendência ao balanceamento na segunda etapa. Concluiu-se que a população analisada encontra-se em processo de amadurecimento, mantendo a capacidade autorregenerante, com tendência ao balanceamento e comportamento característico de espécies de estágios iniciais de sucessão.
Assuntos
Florestas , Crescimento e DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) cocirculate throughout much of the tropical Western Hemisphere; however, few cases of coinfection with these two pathogens have been reported. Herein, we describe three cases of ZIKV-CHIKV coinfection detected at a single center in Ecuador: a patient who developed symptoms on postoperative day 5 from an orthopedic procedure, a woman who had traveled to Ecuador for fertility treatment, and a woman who was admitted for Guillain-Barré syndrome and had ZIKV and CHIKV detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. All cases were diagnosed using a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and ZIKV viremia was detected as late as 16 days after symptom onset. These cases demonstrate the varied clinical presentation of ZIKV-CHIKV coinfections as well as the importance of multiplexed arboviral testing for these pathogens.
Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/complicações , Coinfecção/virologia , Turismo Médico , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida , Viremia/complicações , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Adulto , Febre de Chikungunya/sangue , Febre de Chikungunya/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Vírus Chikungunya/genética , Equador , Feminino , Fraturas do Fêmur/cirurgia , Fraturas Mal-Unidas/cirurgia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/virologia , RNA Viral/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Viremia/sangue , Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/sangue , Infecção por Zika virus/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
RESUMO: Com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos da antibioticoterapia no crescimento de plantas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiros, bem como na comunidade bacteriana endofítica da espécie, realizaram-se análises moleculares. Verificou-se a presença de endófitos no interior das microplantas, mesmo após 30 dias de cultivo em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com diferentes antibióticos, e analisou-se o crescimento da parte aérea e radicular das microplantas. Decorrido o período de 30 dias de cultivo, constatou-se ainda a presença de bactérias endofíticas, no entanto, as microplantas apresentaram acentuada redução no crescimento da parte aérea e radicular, evidenciando assim a influência da microbiota endofítica no crescimento das microplantas in vitro e a importância da manutenção do equilíbrio endofítos/microplanta.
ABSTRACT: This research aimed to evaluate the antibiotic therapy effects in the growing of micropropagated pineapple plants as well as in the community of the endophytic bacterial of the species. It was performed molecular analyzes and verified the presence of endophytes within microplants even after 30 days of culture on MS medium supplemented with different antibiotics and analyzed the development growth of shoots and roots of microplants. After the period of 30 days of cultivation, even being checked the presence of endophytic bacteria, it was verified that the microplants showed reduction of the growing of shoots and roots, thereby demonstrating the influence of in vitro endophytic microorganisms in the development of microplants, and the importance of maintaining it in equilibrium with endophytes/ microplants.
RESUMO
The goal of this study was to evaluate the population structure of Lonchocarpus cultratus located in a riparian zone in the flood plain of the upper Paraná River. Data were collected on the stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and the plant height from two phytosociological inventories, which were performed with a 14-year interval, using data collected in studies conducted in 1992 and 2006 in an Atlantic Forest riparian zone remnant of Paraná State, Brazil. Class intervals for DBH and plant height were defined using the Spiegel equation, and the measured values were distributed between the different distinct classes. The distribution of individuals between the different DBH classes was analyzed using de Liocourts quotient (q). For both stages of the study, the DBH distribution resulted in an inverted-J curve, as expected for uneven-aged forests. The distribution of the height values was irregular, as expected for an early succession species. The de Liocourt q indicated an unbalanced distribution for both stages. However, there was a tendency towards balance in the second stage. The results imply that the studied population was maturing and maintaining its self-regenerating capacity while tending towards balance and presenting behavior characteristic of early succession species.(AU)
Com o objetivo de avaliar a estrutura populacional de Lonchocarpus cultratus em um trecho de floresta ripária localizado na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, analisaram-se os dados de diâmetro e altura obtidos a partir de dois inventários fitossociológicos realizados com intervalo de 14 anos, utilizandose dados coletados em estudos desenvolvidos em 1992 e 2006 em um remanescente ripário de Mata Atlântica, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os valores de diâmetro e de altura foram distribuídos em intervalos de classes definidos pela fórmula de Spiegel e o quociente q de Liocourt foi aplicado para a análise da distribuição de indivíduos entre as classes de diâmetro. A distribuição diamétrica, nas duas etapas do estudo, resultou em uma curva na forma de J-invertido, como esperado para florestas inequiâneas. A distribuição dos valores de altura mostrou-se irregular, característica de espécies de estágios iniciais de sucessão. O quociente q de Liocourt apresentou-se com uma distribuição não balanceada para ambas as etapas, porém observou-se uma tendência ao balanceamento na segunda etapa. Concluiu-se que a população analisada encontra-se em processo de amadurecimento, mantendo a capacidade autorregenerante, com tendência ao balanceamento e comportamento característico de espécies de estágios iniciais de sucessão.(AU)
Assuntos
/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Florestas , EcossistemaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: This research aimed to evaluate the antibiotic therapy effects in the growing of micropropagated pineapple plants as well as in the community of the endophytic bacterial of the species. It was performed molecular analyzes and verified the presence of endophytes within microplants even after 30 days of culture on MS medium supplemented with different antibiotics and analyzed the development growth of shoots and roots of microplants. After the period of 30 days of cultivation, even being checked the presence of endophytic bacteria, it was verified that the microplants showed reduction of the growing of shoots and roots, thereby demonstrating the influence of in vitro endophytic microorganisms in the development of microplants, and the importance of maintaining it in equilibrium with endophytes/ microplants.
RESUMO: Com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos da antibioticoterapia no crescimento de plantas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiros, bem como na comunidade bacteriana endofítica da espécie, realizaram-se análises moleculares. Verificou-se a presença de endófitos no interior das microplantas, mesmo após 30 dias de cultivo em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com diferentes antibióticos, e analisou-se o crescimento da parte aérea e radicular das microplantas. Decorrido o período de 30 dias de cultivo, constatou-se ainda a presença de bactérias endofíticas, no entanto, as microplantas apresentaram acentuada redução no crescimento da parte aérea e radicular, evidenciando assim a influência da microbiota endofítica no crescimento das microplantas in vitro e a importância da manutenção do equilíbrio endofítos/microplanta.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT: This research aimed to evaluate the antibiotic therapy effects in the growing of micropropagated pineapple plants as well as in the community of the endophytic bacterial of the species. It was performed molecular analyzes and verified the presence of endophytes within microplants even after 30 days of culture on MS medium supplemented with different antibiotics and analyzed the development growth of shoots and roots of microplants. After the period of 30 days of cultivation, even being checked the presence of endophytic bacteria, it was verified that the microplants showed reduction of the growing of shoots and roots, thereby demonstrating the influence of in vitro endophytic microorganisms in the development of microplants, and the importance of maintaining it in equilibrium with endophytes/ microplants.
RESUMO: Com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos da antibioticoterapia no crescimento de plantas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiros, bem como na comunidade bacteriana endofítica da espécie, realizaram-se análises moleculares. Verificou-se a presença de endófitos no interior das microplantas, mesmo após 30 dias de cultivo em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com diferentes antibióticos, e analisou-se o crescimento da parte aérea e radicular das microplantas. Decorrido o período de 30 dias de cultivo, constatou-se ainda a presença de bactérias endofíticas, no entanto, as microplantas apresentaram acentuada redução no crescimento da parte aérea e radicular, evidenciando assim a influência da microbiota endofítica no crescimento das microplantas in vitro e a importância da manutenção do equilíbrio endofítos/microplanta.
RESUMO
This research aimed to evaluate the antibiotic therapy effects in the growing of micropropagated pineapple plants as well as in the community of the endophytic bacterial of the species. It was performed molecular analyzes and verified the presence of endophytes within microplants even after 30 days of culture on MS medium supplemented with different antibiotics and analyzed the development growth of shoots and roots of microplants. After the period of 30 days of cultivation, even being checked the presence of endophytic bacteria, it was verified that the microplants showed reduction of the growing of shoots and roots, thereby demonstrating the influence of in vitro endophytic microorganisms in the development of microplants, and the importance of maintaining it in equilibrium with endophytes/ microplants.(AU)
Com o intuito de avaliar os efeitos da antibioticoterapia no crescimento de plantas micropropagadas de abacaxizeiros, bem como na comunidade bacteriana endofítica da espécie, realizaram-se análises moleculares. Verificou-se a presença de endófitos no interior das microplantas, mesmo após 30 dias de cultivo em meio de cultura MS, suplementado com diferentes antibióticos, e analisou-se o crescimento da parte aérea e radicular das microplantas. Decorrido o período de 30 dias de cultivo, constatou-se ainda a presença de bactérias endofíticas, no entanto, as microplantas apresentaram acentuada redução no crescimento da parte aérea e radicular, evidenciando assim a influência da microbiota endofítica no crescimento das microplantas in vitro e a importância da manutenção do equilíbrio endofítos/microplanta.(AU)
Assuntos
Ananas , Antibacterianos , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
O objetivo deste artigo é interrogar as implicações do uso da medicação no processo de subjetivação das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) e a adesão ao tratamento. Problematizou-se o lugar central da medicação no discurso da saúde sobre o tratamento dessas pessoas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Utilizou-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com a seguinte pergunta disparadora: "como é, para você, viver com o HIV/AIDS?". Foram entrevistados 6 sujeitos, sendo 2 mulheres e 4 homens, todos eles usuários de um SAE (Serviço de Atendimento Especializado em DST/AIDS) no Recife-PE. Utilizou-se uma amostragem acidental e intencional. A referência tomada para construir uma teorização a partir dos achados foi inspirada no pensamento de Michel Foucault, especialmente na genealogia do sujeito. Aponta-se como Foucault não possui instrumentos prontos para conduzir suas pesquisas. O que faz são inquirições empíricas precisas sobre áreas e campos muito específicos, sem pretensões globais ou gerais sobre seus campos de estudo. Realizou-se uma analítica do sujeito, e não uma análise do discurso no formato tradicional, que deve ser compreendida como a problematização de processos de subjetivação que se dão pela articulação entre regimes de verdade e formas éticas de relação consigo e com o outro, uma genealogia do sujeito. Destacam-se os referenciais ao biopoder e à biopolítica nesses processos de subjetivação de PVHA. A AIDS parece ter circulado como um discurso e serviu como experiências que participaram na formatação de sujeitos, produzindo corpos dóceis e operacionalizando uma governabilidade sobre o corpo individual e da população. Essa gerência da vida fica bem evidente na adesão ao tratamento, observando-se o discurso médico-científico coordenando as formas de subjetivação das PVHA e suas maneiras de conduzir seus tratamentos, o uso da medicação e a adesão, mostrando como o discurso sobre a AIDS foi articulado por vários dispositivos e passou a governar a vida.
The purpose of this article is to question on the implications of the use of medication in the subjective process of people with HIV / AIDS (PVHA) and adherence to treatment. The central place of medication in the health discourse on the treatment of these people was discussed. This is a qualitative research, which used semi-structured interviews, from the following triggering question "how is, for you, living with HIV / AIDS?" There were 6 subjects interviewed, 2 women and 4 men, all of them, members of a Specialized Care Service (SAE) in STD / AIDS in Recife / PE. We used an accidental and intentional sampling. The reference taken to build a theory from the findings was inspired by Michel Foucault's thought, especially in the subject's genealogy. It points out that Foucault does not have instruments prepared to conduct his researches, what he does is accurate empirical inquiries about areas and very specific fields without global or general claims about his fields of study. An analytic of the subject was carried on, and not a discourse analysis as in the traditional format, which must be understood as the questioning of subjective processes that occurs by the relationship between regimes of truth and ethical forms of relationship with yourself and the other, a genealogy of the subject. It is noteworthy the references to biopower and biopolitics in these subjective processes of PVHA. AIDS seems to have circulated as a speech and served as experiences that participated in the formatting of subjects, producing docile bodies and operationalizing governance on the individual body and population. This management of life is evident in the adherence to treatment, observing the medical-scientific discourse coordinating the forms of subjectivity of PVHA and their ways of conducting their treatments, medication use and adherence, showing how the discourse on AIDS iwas articulated by various devices and passed to govern life.
El objetivo de este artículo es cuestionar acerca de las implicaciones del uso de medicinas en el proceso de subjetivación de las personas con VIH/SIDA (GIPA) y la adhesión al tratamiento. Se problematizó el lugar central de la medicación en el discurso de la salud bajo el tratamiento de estas personas. Es una investigación cualitativa que se há utilizado de entrevistas semiestructuradas con la siguiente intrigante pregunta: "cómo es, para ti, vivir con VIH/SIDA?". Fueron entrevistados 6 sujetos, siendo 2 mujeres y 4 hombres, todos utilizaban un Servicio de Atendimiento Especializado (SAE) en EST/SIDA en Recife/PE. Se utilizó una muestra accidental e intencional. La referencia para la construcción de una teorización partiendo de los hallazgos fue inspirada en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault, especialmente en la genealogía del sujeto. Se dice que Foucault no posee instrumentos listos para conducir sus investigaciones, lo que hace son precisas indagaciones empíricas acerca de ámbitos y campos muy específicos, sin pretensiones globales o generales acerca de sus campos de estudio. Se realizo una analítica del sujeto y no un análisis del discurso en el formato tradicional, que debe ser comprendida como la problematización de procesos de subjetivación que ocurren por la articulación entre regímenes de verdad y formas éticas de relación con si mismo y con el otro, una genealogía del sujeto. Se sobresalen los referenciales al biopoder y a la biopolítica en estos procesos de subjetivación de GIPA. La SIDA perece haber circulado como un discurso y sirvió como experiencias que participaron en el formateo de sujetos, produciendo cuerpos dóciles y ejecutando una gobernabilidad acerca del cuerpo individual y de la población. Esta gerencia de la vida queda muy notable en la adhesión al tratamiento, observando el discurso médico-científico coordinando las formas de subjetivación de las GIPA y sus maneras de conducir sus tratamientos, el uso de la medicación y la adhesión, enseñando cómo el discurso acerca del SIDA fue articulado por muchos dispositivos y pasó a gobernar la vida.
Le but de cet article est questioner l'engagement de l'usage du médicament dans le processus de subjectivation des personnes infectées au VIH/SIDA et l'adhésion au traitement. On a repenser la place centrale du médicament dans le discours de santé à propos du traitement de ces personnes. C'est une recherche qualificative qui a utilisé des interviews semistructurées à partir de la question suivante: « qu'est-que ça signifie pour vous, vivre avec VIH/SIDA ? ¼ Six personnes ont été interviewées, 2 femmes et 4 hommes, touts utilisateurs du Service d'Attention Spécialisé (SAE) en IST/SIDA au Recife/PE. On a utilisé l'échantillionage accidentel et intentionel. La référence de la construction théorique à partir des résultats a été inspirée par la pensée de Michel Foucault, surtout la généalogie du sujet. Foucault n'avait pas d'outils pour conduire ses recherches, ce qu'il fisait, consistait en faire des recherches empiriques précises dans des domaines très spécifiques, sans des prétentions globaux ou généralisées de ses domaines d'études. On a réalisé une analytique du sujet, et non une analyse du discours au format traditionnel, qui doit être comprise comme la problématisation des processus de subjectivations qui se font à partir de l'articulation entre les régimes de vérité et manières éthiques de relation avec soi et avec l'autre, une généalogie du sujet. On détache les références au biopouvoir et à la biopolitique dans ces processus de subjectivation de PVHA. Le SIDA semble un discours qui a circulé et servi comme des expériences qui ont fait partie de la formation des sujets en produisant des corps dociles et en opérant un gouvernement du corps individuel et de la population. Cette gestion de la vie apparaît clairement à l'adhésion au traitement, ce qui est vérifié au discours médical et scientifique, car il coordonne les manières de subjectivation des PVHA et ses façons de conduire leur traitement, l'usage et l'adhésion au médicament. Cela montre comme le discours à propos de SIDA a été articulé par plusieurs dispositifs et a passé à gouverner la vie.