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Abstract Background Pathologies involving the heart are still the main causes of death, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is consistently present in this index. The two-minute walk test (2MWT) is ideal for assessing the functional capacity of this patient. Objective To describe the feasibility of the 2MWT in older people after AMI. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. At hospital discharge, patients were invited to perform the 2MWT. Before starting the test, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR) and the Double Product (DP) were checked. After checking the vital signs, the patients were accompanied by an examiner, who was positioned laterally to ensure safety and verbally encouraged during the test; after the completion of the test, all vital signs were reassessed in two moments, at the immediate end and after 20 minutes of rest. ANOVA was used for the comparison of pre and post-test and pre and recovery. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Results We evaluated 51 patients, 4 (80%) males with a mean age of 67±8 years. The distance walked on the 2MWT had a mean of 157 ± 22 meters. The SBPmmHg Pre-Test 112±21 vs 131±15 Post-Test (p=0.24) and 119±22 at Recovery (p = 0.34) and HR (bpm) Pre-Test 75±15 vs 89±19 Post-Test (p=0.15) and 79±15 at Recovery (p = 0.59). After a rest, all variables analyzed followed the same pattern, returning to values close to the pre-test moment. Conclusion The performance of the 2MWT in the hospital environment presents good feasibility in the evaluation of submaximal capacity in elderly patients after AMI.
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BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3-grabbing non integrin receptor (DC-SIGN) binds to subgenera Leishmania promastigotes mediating its interaction with DC and neutrophils, potentially influencing the infection outcome. OBJECTIVES: In this work, we investigated whether DC-SIGN receptor is expressed in cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions as well as the in vitro binding pattern of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb) and L. (L.) amazonensis (La) promastigotes. METHODS: DC-SIGN receptor was labeled by immunohistochemistry in cryopreserved CL tissue fragments. In vitro binding assay with CFSE-labeled Lb or La promastigotes and RAJI-transfecting cells expressing DC-SIGN (DC-SIGNPOS) or mock-transfected (DC-SIGNNEG) were monitored by flow cytometry at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h in co-culture. RESULTS: In CL lesion infiltrate, DC-SIGNPOS cells were present in the dermis and near the epidermis. Both Lb and La bind to DC-SIGNPOS cells, while binding to DC-SIGNNEG was low. La showed precocious and higher affinity to DC-SIGNhi population than to DC-SIGNlow, while Lb binding was similar in these populations. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that DC-SIGN receptor is present in L. braziliensis CL lesions and interact with Lb promastigotes. Moreover, the differences in the binding pattern to Lb and La suggest DC-SIGN can influence in a difference way the intake of the parasites at the first hours after Leishmania infection. These results raise the hypothesis that DC-SIGN receptor could participate in the immunopathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis accounting for the differences in the outcome of the Leishmania spp. infection.
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Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmania , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Humanos , Leishmania braziliensis/metabolismo , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3-grabbing non integrin receptor (DC-SIGN) binds to subgenera Leishmania promastigotes mediating its interaction with DC and neutrophils, potentially influencing the infection outcome. OBJECTIVES In this work, we investigated whether DC-SIGN receptor is expressed in cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions as well as the in vitro binding pattern of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb) and L. (L.) amazonensis (La) promastigotes. METHODS DC-SIGN receptor was labeled by immunohistochemistry in cryopreserved CL tissue fragments. In vitro binding assay with CFSE-labeled Lb or La promastigotes and RAJI-transfecting cells expressing DC-SIGN (DC-SIGNPOS) or mock-transfected (DC-SIGNNEG) were monitored by flow cytometry at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h in co-culture. RESULTS In CL lesion infiltrate, DC-SIGNPOS cells were present in the dermis and near the epidermis. Both Lb and La bind to DC-SIGNPOS cells, while binding to DC-SIGNNEG was low. La showed precocious and higher affinity to DC-SIGNhi population than to DC-SIGNlow, while Lb binding was similar in these populations. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that DC-SIGN receptor is present in L. braziliensis CL lesions and interact with Lb promastigotes. Moreover, the differences in the binding pattern to Lb and La suggest DC-SIGN can influence in a difference way the intake of the parasites at the first hours after Leishmania infection. These results raise the hypothesis that DC-SIGN receptor could participate in the immunopathogenesis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis accounting for the differences in the outcome of the Leishmania spp. infection.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of XLH in Paraná, a state in southern Brazil, and report the clinical features and complications of the disease. METHODS: We invited all endocrinologists (n = 205), nephrologists (n = 221), orthopedic surgeons (n = 1020), and pediatricians (n = 1000) in Paraná to fill out an electronic survey with information on patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and searched the records of the state's health department for all calcitriol prescriptions in 2018. RESULTS: In all, 244 (10%) specialists responded to the email, of whom 18 (7.4%) reported to be taking care of patients with XLH and answered the online survey. A total of 57 patients with XLH were identified (prevalence 5 per million inhabitants). The median age at diagnosis was 22 years, and 42.2% were children and adolescents. Fifteen patients had genetic testing showing a PHEX mutation. Overall, 91.2% had bone deformities, 30.8% had a history of fragility fractures, and 22.4% had renal complications. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a prevalence of XLH of 5 cases per million inhabitants in the state of Paraná, a rate lower than the one reported in other countries. Manifestations of renal calcification and bone fragility were frequent among the patients. This is the first epidemiological study evaluating the prevalence and clinical presentation of XLH in Latin America.
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Raquitismo Hipofosfatêmico Familiar , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Raquitismo Hipofosfatêmico Familiar/epidemiologia , Raquitismo Hipofosfatêmico Familiar/genética , Humanos , Endopeptidase Neutra Reguladora de Fosfato PHEX , PrevalênciaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of XLH in Paraná, a state in southern Brazil, and report the clinical features and complications of the disease. Materials and methods: We invited all endocrinologists (n = 205), nephrologists (n = 221), orthopedic surgeons (n = 1020), and pediatricians (n = 1000) in Paraná to fill out an electronic survey with information on patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and searched the records of the state's health department for all calcitriol prescriptions in 2018. Results: In all, 244 (10%) specialists responded to the email, of whom 18 (7.4%) reported to be taking care of patients with XLH and answered the online survey. A total of 57 patients with XLH were identified (prevalence 5 per million inhabitants). The median age at diagnosis was 22 years, and 42.2% were children and adolescents. Fifteen patients had genetic testing showing a PHEX mutation. Overall, 91.2% had bone deformities, 30.8% had a history of fragility fractures, and 22.4% had renal complications. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a prevalence of XLH of 5 cases per million inhabitants in the state of Paraná, a rate lower than the one reported in other countries. Manifestations of renal calcification and bone fragility were frequent among the patients. This is the first epidemiological study evaluating the prevalence and clinical presentation of XLH in Latin America.
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Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Raquitismo Hipofosfatêmico Familiar/genética , Raquitismo Hipofosfatêmico Familiar/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Endopeptidase Neutra Reguladora de Fosfato PHEXRESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and disrupted inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD have two main conditions, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and have been extensively investigated in recent years. Antibiotics derived from salicylates, steroids, immunosuppressors, and anti-TNF therapy are part of the therapeutic arsenal for IBD. However, very often patients stop responding to treatments over the time. In this context, searching for alternative agents is crucial for IBD clinical management. Natural products derived from medicinal plants are an interesting therapeutic alternative, since several studies have proven effective treatments in animal models of intestinal inflammation. Several naturally occurring compounds are potent antioxidants, both as free radical scavengers and as modulators of antioxidant enzymes expression and activity. A number of natural compounds have also been proved to inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines, decreasing the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is important to the inflammatory response in IBD. The alkaloids are substances of a very diverse class of plant secondary metabolites; an extensive list of biological activities has been attributed to alkaloids, such as being anticholinergic, antitumor, diuretic, antiviral, antihypertensive, antiulcer, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. In the present work, studies on the pharmacological activity of alkaloids in experimental models of IBD were reviewed.
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The hydroethanolic root extract of Arrabidaea brachypoda, from Bignoniaceae family, a Brazilian medicinal plant, demonstrated significant in vivo gastroprotective effects using different in vivo assays. The activity was evaluated in several models of experimental gastric ulcer in rats (absolute ethanol, glutathione depletion, nitric oxide depletion, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pylorus ligation and acetic acid). Using 300 mg/kg (p.o.) the extract significantly reduced gastric injury in all models. In depth phytochemical investigation of this extract led to the isolation of two previously undescribed phenylethanoid glycosides derivatives and seven unusual glycosylated dimeric flavonoids. The structures were elucidated using UV, NMR and HRMS analysis. Absolute configuration of the dimeric flavonoids was performed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy.
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Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/isolamento & purificação , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Bignoniaceae/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Polifenóis/isolamento & purificação , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Antiulcerosos/química , Brasil , Citoproteção , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/química , Masculino , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Polifenóis/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Introdução: a Insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) é definida como uma condição fisiopatológica com perda progressiva e irreversível da função renal. A perda superior a 75% da taxa de filtração glomerular resulta em uma instabilidade hídrica e eletrolítica. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de casos de insuficiência renal crônica na cidade de Rio Verde-Goiás que foram atendidos pelo Serviço Médico de Atendimento de Urgência de Rio Verde, Goiás (SAMU/RV). Método: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e documental, realizado através de consulta ao banco de dados do SAMU/RV referente ao período 2014-2015. Resultado e Discussão: a prevalência de IRC foi de 41,20% em 2014 e 38,20% em 2015, em relação aos outros atendimentos realizados pelo SAMU/Rio Verde por queixas nefrológicas nessa mesma data. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram alta prevalência de casos de atendimento de IRC pelo SAMU/RV no período de 2014-2015. (AU)
Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as a pathophysiological condition with progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. Loss greater than 75% of the glomerular filtration rate results in water and electrolyte instability. Objective: In this way, the study sought to evaluate the prevalence of chronic renal failure in the city of Rio Verde-Goiás, which was attended by the Emergency Medical Service of Rio Verde, Goiás (SAMU/RV). Method: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional and documentary study, carried out by consulting the SAMU/RV database for the period 2014-2015. Results and Discussion: the prevalence of CRI was 41.20% in 2014 and 38.20% in 2015, in relation to the other visits performed by SAMU/Rio Verde for nephrological complaints at the same date. Conclusion: The results indicated a high prevalence of cases of CKI care by the SAMU/RV in the period 2014-2015. (AU)
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Humanos , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina de Emergência , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/complicaçõesRESUMO
It is proposed a method for the determination of (226)Ra in offshore platform liquid effluent samples (produced water). The method is based on a two-phase liquid scintillation counting system and allows for the direct and simple determination of (226)Ra content. Samples with high barium content may also have high (226)Ra concentration. Therefore, the sample volume is based on the barium concentration and ranges from 10 mL to 100 mL. Our new method was tested using multiple real samples and was compared with the BaSO4 precipitation method. The results based on the LSC were 30% higher than the precipitation method, which is attributed to the self-absorption of alpha particles in the BaSO4 precipitate. The determination of both (226)Ra and (228)Ra in the liquid effluent of offshore oil platforms is mandatory in Brazil. Thus, a second method of accurately assessing (228)Ra content remains necessary.
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Campos de Petróleo e Gás , Rádio (Elemento)/análise , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Bário/análise , Sulfato de Bário/química , Brasil , Precipitação Química , Rádio (Elemento)/química , Contagem de Cintilação , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/químicaRESUMO
Royal Jelly (RJ) is widely consumed in diets throughout the world due to its beneficial effects: antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory. We have investigated the role of RJ in the development of TNBS colitis in mice. Colitis was induced by a rectal instillation of TNBS at 0.1 mL per mouse. Intestine samples of the animals orally treated with RJ (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg) were collected for antioxidant assays (GSH and GSH-Px), proinflammatory protein quantification (COX-2 and NF-κB), and histological analyses. RJ 100 mg/kg maintained GSH levels and increased the activity of GSH-Px, downregulated key inflammatory mediators (COX-2 and NF-κB), and decreased the lesions caused by TNBS as shown by the histological analyses. In conclusion, RJ showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in experimental colitis, resulting in the amelioration of the macroscopic and histological analyses. These results corroborate with the RJ supplementation in diets.
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Colite/dietoterapia , Ácidos Graxos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Colite/metabolismo , Colite/patologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Alimento Funcional , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Ácido Trinitrobenzenossulfônico/toxicidadeRESUMO
Transmission electron microscopy can yield useful information in a range of scientific fields; it is capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes and has been a very useful tool in the identification of morphological changes of the dermis as well as assessment of changes in the extracellular matrix. Our aim is to characterize by electron microscopy the cellular profile of lesions caused by Sporothrix schenckii from the sporotrichosis epidemic in its zoonotic form that occurs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Doenças do Gato/patologia , Pele/diagnóstico por imagem , Esporotricose/patologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos/microbiologia , Epidemias , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Pele/microbiologia , Pele/patologia , Sporothrix , Esporotricose/epidemiologia , Esporotricose/veterinária , Ultrassonografia , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/patologiaRESUMO
The Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome is a rare eye disease caused by different etiologic agents, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. It is characterized by a granulomatous conjunctivitis, accompanied by adjacent preauricular lymphadenopathy and can bring consequences if not treated promptly. We present a case of Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome caused by Sporothrix schenckii from the sporotrichosis epidemic in its zoonotic form occurring in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Agave sisalana Perrine in classic models of inflammation and pain. The hexanic fraction of A. sisalana (HFAS) was obtained by acid hydrolysis followed by hexanic reflux. Anti-inflammatory properties were examined in three acute mouse models (xylene ear oedema, hind paw oedema and pleurisy) and a chronic mouse model (granuloma cotton pellet). The antinociceptive potential was evaluated in chemical (acetic-acid) and thermal (tail-flick and hot-plate test) models of pain. When given orally, HFAS (5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced ear oedema (p < 0.0001; 52%, 71%, 62% and 42%, respectively). HFAS also reduced hind paw oedema at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (p < 0.05; 42% and 58%, respectively) and pleurisy at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (41% and 50%, respectively). In a chronic model, HFAS reduced inflammation by 46% and 58% at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, this fraction showed analgesic properties against the abdominal writhing in an acetic acid model (at doses of 5-25 mg/kg) with inhibitory rates of 24%, 54% and 48%. The HFAS also showed an increased latency time in the hot-plate (23% and 28%) and tail-flick tests (61% and 66%) for the 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg doses, respectively. These results suggest that HFAS has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
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Agave/química , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Carragenina , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Camundongos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Medição da Dor , RatosRESUMO
The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Agave sisalana Perrine in classic models of inflammation and pain. The hexanic fraction of A. sisalana (HFAS) was obtained by acid hydrolysis followed by hexanic reflux. Anti-inflammatory properties were examined in three acute mouse models (xylene ear oedema, hind paw oedema and pleurisy) and a chronic mouse model (granuloma cotton pellet). The antinociceptive potential was evaluated in chemical (acetic-acid) and thermal (tail-flick and hot-plate test) models of pain. When given orally, HFAS (5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced ear oedema (p < 0.0001; 52%, 71%, 62% and 42%, respectively). HFAS also reduced hind paw oedema at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (p < 0.05; 42% and 58%, respectively) and pleurisy at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (41% and 50%, respectively). In a chronic model, HFAS reduced inflammation by 46% and 58% at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, this fraction showed analgesic properties against the abdominal writhing in an acetic acid model (at doses of 5-25 mg/kg) with inhibitory rates of 24%, 54% and 48%. The HFAS also showed an increased latency time in the hot-plate (23% and 28%) and tail-flick tests (61% and 66%) for the 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg doses, respectively. These results suggest that HFAS has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
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Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Ratos , Agave/química , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Carragenina , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Medição da Dor , Dor/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Male Unib-WH rats were pretreated for two weeks with butanolic (BuOH) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions. Colitis was induced by rectal administration of TNBS, the treatment continued, and animals were sacrificed on day 7 after the TNBS administration. Phytochemical studies were performed in order to provide the characterization of the tannins present in the bark of R. mangle. Results showed that EtOAc fraction increased the levels of IL-10 (∗∗P < 0.01) and diminished the levels of TNF-α (∗∗∗P < 0.001) and IL-6 (∗∗P < 0.01). BuOH fraction reduced the MPO activity (∗∗P < 0.01) and levels of TBARS (∗∗∗P < 0.001); it also increased COX-1 expression, diminished the levels of TNF-α (∗∗∗P < 0.001), and increased the levels of IL-12 (∗∗∗P < 0.001). Besides, both treatments augmented the levels of GSH (∗P < 0.05), the activity of GSH-Px (∗∗P < 0.01 for BuOH fraction and ∗∗∗P < 0.001 for EtOAc fraction), and CAT (∗∗P < 0.01). In conclusion, both treatments ameliorated the injury induced by TNBS through different mechanisms, probably by their chemical composition which directed its activity into an antioxidant or anti-inflammatory response, leading to an immune modulation.
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Rhizophora mangle, the red mangrove, has long been known as a traditional medicine. Its bark has been used as astringent, antiseptic, hemostatic, with antifungic and antiulcerogenic properties. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of a buthanolic fraction of the R. mangle bark extract (RM) against experimental gastric ulcer in rats. Unib-Wh rats received pretreatment of R. mangle after the induction of gastric injury with absolute ethanol and ischemia-reperfusion. Gastric tissues from both methods were prepared to the enzymatic assays, the levels of sulfhydril compounds (GSH), lipid peroxides (LPO), and the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. The RM protected the gastric mucosa in both methods used, ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and ischemia-reperfusion, probably, by modulating the activities of the enzymes SOD, GPx, and GR and increasing or maintaining the levels of GSH; in addition, LPO levels were reduced. The results suggest that the RM antioxidant activity leads to tissue protection; thus one of the antiulcer mechanisms present on the pharmacological effects of R. mangle is the antioxidant property.
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Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Etanol/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Catalase , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Masculino , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Rhizophoraceae/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rhizophora mangle, the red mangrove, has long been known as a traditional antiulcer medicine. The present work evaluated the mechanisms of action involved in the anti-ulcer properties of the Rhizophora mangle bark extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gastroprotection of Rhizophora mangle was evaluated in rodent experimental models (ethanol). To elucidate the mechanisms of action the antisecretory action and involvement of NO, SH, mucus and PGE(2) were evaluated. The acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model, Western blotting assay (COX-1, COX-2 and EGF) and immunohistochemical localization of HSP-70, PCNA and COX-2 were also used to evaluate the Rhizophora mangle healing properties. RESULTS: Results showed that Rhizophora mangle bark crude extract (CE), as well as ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanolic fractions (BuOH) provided significant gastroprotection at all the tested doses. Thereby, the following protocols were performed using the lowest dose capable of producing the most effective gastroprotection, which was the BuOH 0.5mg/kg (P<0.001). Several mechanisms are involved in the antiulcer activity of Rhizophora mangle, such as, participation of NO, SH and mucus. The enhancement of PGE(2) levels and the upregulation of COX-2 and EGF seem to be directly linked to the antisecretory, cytoprotective and healing effects of BuOH. HSP-70 and PCNA are also involved in this cicatrisation process. No sign of toxicity was observed in this study, considering the analyzed parameters. CONCLUSION: Our study reinforces its traditional medicinal use. Considering that the current therapies are based on the use of antisecretory or cytoprotective drugs, the Rhizophora mangle arises as a promising alternative antiulcer therapy.
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Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Rhizophoraceae , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Acético , Animais , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/metabolismo , Etanol , Feminino , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Casca de Planta , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/metabolismo , Compostos de Sulfidrila/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiological profile and outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), determining risk factors for increased vigilance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 924 pregnancies in 916 patients between November 6, 2001 and September 21, 2009. RESULTS: Risk factors were found in 95.1% of cases. The prevalence of maternal diabetes, paternal diabetes and diabetes in other family members was 24.3%, 9.4% and 24.7%, respectively. Predictive factors for insulin use were: screening fasting glucose (FG) ≥ 85, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) FG ≥ 95, 2h glucose after 75 g ≥ 200 mg/dL, previous GDM, obesity, HbA1c > 6%, and the association of risk factors including family history of diabetes mellitus and obesity or previous GDM, the last one the most relevant (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors were very sensitive for GDM detection, and provision of family history strengthens its relationship with T2DM. Greater vigilance is recommended for patients with predictive factors for insulin requirement.