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Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Criança , Deficiência de Proteína , Ciências da Nutrição , ConhecimentoRESUMO
The Director of the Panamerican Health Organization gives us a message about the 50th anniversary of WHO, emphasizing its origin and characteristics, the successes of its programmes and policies to the sound management of health programmes in its member countries, through the strategy of primary health care and health for all programmes.
Assuntos
Organização Mundial da Saúde/história , História do Século XXRESUMO
Tourism and health are two closely linked concepts. Both are directly related and very important to national economy and social policies. In this paper we present some reflections regarding those salient aspects of health and tourism that require to be strengthened. A series of recommendations are offered to contribute to the improvement of sanitation in the tourism sector, with special emphasis on preventive measures, joint action between the sectors involved, and emphasizing the role of the emporiatry concerning the protection and promotion of the health of the tourist. Finally, it is recognized that the actions required are the responsibility of all of those individuals involved in tourism: the visitor and the residents on the one hand; and services providers and the authorities, on the other hand.
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Promoção da Saúde , Viagem , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
This paper analyses data for 1990 culled from the medical records of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados and examines the use of inpatient and emergency services by visitors to Barbados. The 473 visitors admitted represented 2.1% of all admissions. The records of 425 contained information on country of origin: 145 were from non-Caribbean and 280 from Caribbean countries. The distribution by country of non-Caribbean visitors was the same as that of regular tourist arrivals--the majority came from the USA. Canada and the UK. Caribbean visitors represented 14.4% of the tourists, but accounted for 65.9% of visitor admissions. Non-Caribbean visitors were 85.6% of tourists, but 34.1% of admissions. Young patients predominated among Caribbean, and older patients among non-Caribbean. Accidents, cardiovascular disease, alcohol-related illnesses and near drowning were commoner in the non-Caribbean visitors, while cancer and obstetrical/gynaecological problems were commoner in Caribbean visitors. Seven per cent of visitor admissions went to the Intensive Care Unit as against 0.15% of other patients. The average hospital stay of visitors was 11.7 days compared with 7.0 days for Barbadians. There were 898 visitors treated in the Accident and Emergency Department and the commonest problems were lacerations, abrasions and infections. The UK provided most of these patients. These data show that there is appreciable visitor use of the public health services. Non-Caribbean visitors use them because they fall ill on holiday, but many Caribbean visitors may come specifically for health care. The cost to the Barbadian health service is not insignificant: at the 1990 estimated bed-day cost of Bds$250, it represents a cost of Bds$1.1 million per annum to the Government for inpatient services alone, or 2% of total hospital costs.
Assuntos
Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Viagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Barbados , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Prontuários Médicos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Health and tourism impact on each other in the Caribbean, so it is both appropriate and necessary that those concerned with tourism in the region should consider health issues. The health and environment of the Caribbean can have good or bad effects upon the health of visitors, and tourism has health consequences for local residents. Tourism for health purposes also needs to be considered. This article points out the major issues related to these interactions, indicates where more data are needed, and suggests lines of future action.
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Saúde Ambiental , Saúde , Viagem , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Monitoramento Ambiental , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Índias OcidentaisAssuntos
População Negra , Nefropatias/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , África , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Lactente , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Leptospirose/complicações , Malária/complicações , Malária/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
A double-blind crossover trial of atenolol and chlorthalidone was done in black Jamaican hypertensive patients. After an initial four weeks of single drug therapy, the beta blocker and thiazide diuretic were used in combination. Chlorthalidone at a daily dose of 25 mg produced a significant (P less than .05) fall in the mean systolic and diastolic pressures (19.4 mm Hg and 12.2 mm Hg, respectively); atenolol produced a significant fall in the diastolic blood pressure (6.5 mm Hg); and combination therapy produced a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (27.8 mm Hg and 17.8 mm Hg, respectively). The study showed that combination therapy using a low dose of thiazide diuretic and a beta blocker was synergetic, but that a thiazide was more effective than a beta blocker in lowering the blood pressure in black hypertensive patients.
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Atenolol/uso terapêutico , População Negra , Clortalidona/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Atenolol/efeitos adversos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Clortalidona/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Jamaica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pulso Arterial/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Se examinan los aspectos de la salud y la atencion de salud como efectos del desarrollo tomando en cuenta los servicios de salud como indicadores sociales. Se discute tambien el impacto de la enfermedad sobre la capacidad de los paises y se senala que para los paises en desarrollo, el fomento de la salud puede ser instrumento para producir mejorias significativas en el desarrollo
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Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , TrabalhoRESUMO
Leucocyte sodium and potassium content and concentrations were measured along with ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive rate constants for sodium efflux in 14 controls and 20 black patients with essential hypertension. Leucocyte sodium content was significantly increased in the patients (mean 101.1 +/- 7.8 mmol/kg dry solids v 74.5 +/- 7.6 mmol/kg dry solids; p less than 0.05), whereas the rate constants for sodium efflux were not significantly reduced. There was no difference between the two groups in cell potassium values. The increase in leucocyte sodium content in the presence of normal rate constants for sodium efflux suggests an increase in membrane permeability to sodium, which might be important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.