RESUMO
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is one of the most important tick-borne diseases worldwide, with multisystemic presentations. Immune dysregulation has been proposed as the primary mechanism involved in its pathogenesis and in tissue injury in dogs with CME. Experimental infection of German Shepherd dogs in the present study demonstrated that CME caused marked pathological changes in their lymph nodes and spleen, and also gave rise to mononuclear infiltration in organs and tissues. Immunophenotyping of cells in lymph nodes, spleen and injured tissues highlighted differences in lymphocyte subsets, local expression of immunoglobulin subclasses and MHCII molecules between infected and control dogs. These findings suggest that the immunophenotypic and immunopathological changes in dogs with acute experimental CME are related to Th1 bias and compartmentalized immune response.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Ehrlichiose , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos , Animais , Cães , Ehrlichia canis , Ehrlichiose/veterinária , Baço , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/veterináriaRESUMO
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is one of the most important tick-borne diseases worldwide, with multisystemic presentations. Immune dysregulation has been proposed as the primary mechanism involved in its pathogenesis and in tissue injury in dogs with CME. Experimental infection of German Shepherd dogs in the present study demonstrated that CME caused marked pathological changes in their lymph nodes and spleen, and also gave rise to mononuclear infiltration in organs and tissues. Immunophenotyping of cells in lymph nodes, spleen and injured tissues highlighted differences in lymphocyte subsets, local expression of immunoglobulin subclasses and MHCII molecules between infected and control dogs. These findings suggest that the immunophenotypic and immunopathological changes in dogs with acute experimental CME are related to Th1 bias and compartmentalized immune response.(AU)
A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma das doenças veiculadas por carrapatos com apresentações multisistêmicas mais relevantes em todo o mundo. A desregulação do sistema imune vem sendo proposta como o principal mecanismo envolvido na patogênese e lesão de tecidos em cães com EMC. A infecção experimental de pastores alemães nesta pesquisa evidenciou marcadas alterações patológicas em linfonodos, baço e também infiltração mononuclear em órgãos e tecidos. A imunofenotipagem de células em linfonodos, baço e tecidos lesados destacou diferenças em subconjuntos de linfócitos, expressão local de subclasses de imunoglobulinas e de moléculas MHCII entre cães infectados e controle. Esses achados sugerem que um viés Th1 e uma resposta imune compartimentalizada estão relacionados às alterações imunofenotípicas e imunopatológicas em cães com EMC experimental aguda.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Imunofenotipagem/veterinária , Ehrlichiose/fisiopatologia , Ehrlichia canis/patogenicidade , Cães/parasitologiaRESUMO
An outbreak of infectious bronchitis caused by the IBVPR03 strain of the Massachusetts genotype affected H-120 vaccinated laying hens in South Brazil. We investigated the cross protection of the vaccine by assessing the traqueal ciliostasis, virus recovery, and histopathological changes typically observed in the respiratory tract. Although the IBVPR03 strain is S1-genotyped as Massachusetts with a high genomic similarity to the H-120 vaccine strains, surprisingly, we found no tropism or pathogenicity to the trachea in birds infected with this strain. On the other hand, we observed ovarian and testicle lesions. Here, we show that, despite belonging in the Massachusetts genotype, the IBVPR03 pathotype differs from the expected respiratory pattern, causing instead marked histopathological changes in the gonads, so far not associated with this group.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Gônadas/virologia , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Animais , Brasil , Galinhas , Infecções por Coronavirus/patologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Gônadas/patologia , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/classificação , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/genética , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/patogenicidade , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Traqueia/patologia , Traqueia/virologia , VirulênciaRESUMO
An outbreak of infectious bronchitis caused by the IBVPR03 strain of the Massachusetts genotype affected H-120 vaccinated laying hens in South Brazil. We investigated the cross protection of the vaccine by assessing the traqueal ciliostasis, virus recovery, and histopathological changes typically observed in the respiratory tract. Although the IBVPR03 strain is S1-genotyped as Massachusetts with a high genomic similarity to the H-120 vaccine strains, surprisingly, we found no tropism or pathogenicity to the trachea in birds infected with this strain. On the other hand, we observed ovarian and testicle lesions. Here, we show that, despite belonging in the Massachusetts genotype, the IBVPR03 pathotype differs from the expected respiratory pattern, causing instead marked histopathological changes in the gonads, so far not associated with this group.
RESUMO
Scaling using ultrasonic dental equipment was performed on 20 teeth extracted from dogs with advanced periodontal disease, under clinical indication. The surgical extraction of the teeth, which already showed mobility, carried out by means of a lever, tried not to touch the radicular surface which would be assessed. The mesial surface of the cervical root region was used for verifying the effect of the ultrasonic scaling and the distal surface was maintained intact for control. After treatment, the teeth were sectioned, separating the region of interest, and these were fixed in glutaraldehyde, dried with a critical point dryer and metallized for observation under electronic scanning microscopy. The presence of plaque, biofilm and rod cells on the non-treated surface was quite characterized. On the surface submitted to treatment by ultrasound, it was possible to see areas with the removal of all the dental calculus, and areas with exposed naked dentine and showing open dentinal tubules. It was possible to observe also the occasional presence of bio-film and rod cells penetrating the dentinal tubules. No harm to the dentine was observed. Thus, ultrasonic scaling showed to be useful in the purpose of removing plaque and can be better developed. Future studies are necessary to establish a comparison with other methods of scaling.
A raspagem com ultrasom odontológico foi usado em 20 dentes extraídos de cães com doença periodontal avançada. A face mesial da raiz foi para a verificação da atuação do instrumento e a distal como controle. A avulsão cirúrgica dos dentes com o uso de alavanca procurou não alterar a superfície radicular a ser avaliada. Após tratamento, os dentes foram preparados para a microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Observou a presença de biofilme e bastonetes penetrando nos túbulos dentinários. A remoção de todo o cálculo dentário e áreas com exposição de dentina nua e com túbulos dentinários abertos. A raspagem fornece uma camada de smear layer. Não se verificou dano a dentina. A raspagem com ultrassom é útil e futuros estudos são requeridos para estabelecer comparativo com outros métodos de raspagem.
Assuntos
Doenças Periodontais , Dente , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Raspagem Dentária , Camada de Esfregaço , CãesRESUMO
Tracheal mucosa is the primary site of replication of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which leads to both morphologic and immune modulatory changes in this organ. To increase the understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes, we focused on the evaluation of local inflammatory and cell-mediated immune responses after challenge with the M41 strain of IBV, associating these responses with pathologic changes in the tracheal mucosa. At 24 h post-infection, inflammatory cytokines related genes were significantly upregulated, including peaks of TNFSF15 and TGFß mRNA production, although no tracheal microscopic alterations were observed and only a slightly increase in viral load occurred. At 3 days post-infection (dpi), we observed that the highest upregulation of IL6, IL1ß, and IFNγ coincided with highest scores of viral load and microscopic lesions, suggesting a role of both these cytokines and virus load on the development of tracheal lesions. Later, at 7 dpi, the most prominent increases of CD8αα mRNA and Granzyme homolog A mRNA were followed by a significant decrease of scores of tracheal lesions and viral load. In conclusion, an early upregulation of expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL6, IL1ß, and IFNγ induced by the M41 strain of IBV may be partially implicated in the viral pathogenicity on trachea tissues of nonimmune challenged chickens, in addition to a late induction of a putative protective immune responses by this virus through upregulation of CD8αα and Granzyme homolog A genes in this organ.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Imunidade Celular , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Traqueia/imunologia , Traqueia/patologia , Animais , Galinhas , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/patologia , Citocinas/biossíntese , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Histocitoquímica , Microscopia , Carga ViralRESUMO
A Catuama® é a associação de quatro extratos hidroalcoolicos obtidos de plantas brasileiras (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale) com conhecida ação neuroprotetora, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antidepressiva. O bilobalide é um componente extraído das folhas do Ginkgo biloba, que tem comprovada ação neuroprotetora nos sistemas nervosos central e periférico. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da Catuama® e do bilobalide na regeneração nervosa periférica de ratos submetidos à secção do nervo isquiático. Foram utilizados 40 ratos com implante de tubo de silicone preenchido por colágeno líquido, deixando-se um intervalo entre os segmentos nervosos de 10mm. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: o grupo controle (A); os grupos que receberam a Catuama® administrada por via oral nos primeiros 28 dias de pós-operatório, nas doses de 100 (B) e 400mg.kg-1 (C); e o grupo que recebeu o bilobalide na dose de 200µM (D), este, adicionado ao colágeno líquido utilizado no implante de silicone. Os animais foram avaliados na primeira, quinta e décima semanas de pós-operatório pelo teste de marcha. Na décima semana, foi realizada avaliação eletrofisiológica e análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos cortes histológicos de amostras do nervo isquiático e do músculo gastrocnêmio. Em todas as análises utilizadas observou-se excelente regeneração dos nervos, no entanto, não foi encontrada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os grupos experimentais e controle.
The Catuama® is composed of four Brazilian plants extracts (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale). The Catuama® is known as having neuroprotector, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Bilobalide, extracted from leaves of Ginkgo biloba, is known by its neuroprotective effect in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The present study evaluates the effect of Catuama® and bilobalide on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats following a sciatic nerve section. Sciatic nerve of forty adult rats was transected with a 10-mm gap and the proximal and distal nerve stumps were fixed in a silicone tube filled with liquid collagen. The animals were divided into four groups: the control group (A), two groups treated with Catuama® by gavage along 28 days after the surgery in different doses of 100 (B) and 400mg.kg-1 (C) and the group using 200µM bilobalide (D) associated with the liquid collagen in the silicone tube. Evaluations were done by a walk test on the first, fifth and tenth week after the surgery. Electrophysiological stimulation and quantitative and qualitative histological analyses of the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle were also performed on the tenth week after the surgery. All groups showed good regeneration but no statistical difference was found between treatments and control groups (P>0.05).
RESUMO
As células-tronco tumorais (CTTs) pertencem a uma pequena população de células dentro do tumor com propriedades de autorrenovação e diferenciação em outros tipos celulares. Neste estudo avaliou-se o comportamento tanto das porções mesenquimais quanto das epiteliais de seis carcinossarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas em tumores mistos (CTMs) grau I, 11 grau II e 10 grau III. Nas porções epiteliais dos CS e CTM foram observadas imunomarcações para os anticorpos CD44, CD24, Oct-4 e ALDH-1. Nas porções mesenquimais dos CS, nas porções epiteliais dos CTMs graus II e III não houve imunomarcação para o ALDH-1. Concluiu-se que as CTTs são expressas em proporções iguais tanto nas porções mesenquimais quanto nas epiteliais dos CSs e ausentes nas porções mesenquimais bem diferenciadas de CTMs.
Cancer stem cells belong to a small population of cells within the tumor with properties of self-renewal and differentiation into other cell types. In this study, the behavior of both portions, mesenchymal and epithelial, was evaluated. Six carcinosarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas within mixed tumors (CWMTs) grade I, 11 grade II, and 10 grade III were evaluated. In the epithelial portions of the CS and CWMTs was observed immunostaining for antibodies CD44, CD24, Oct-4 and ALDH-1. In the mesenchymal portions of the CS, in the epithelial portions of CMTs grades II and III no immunostaining for ALDH-1 was found. It was concluded that the tumor stem cells are expressed in equal proportions in the epithelial and mesenchymal portions of the CS. No immunostaining in the mesenchymal portions of well-differentiated CWMTs was seen.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Carcinoma/veterinária , Carcinossarcoma/veterinária , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/citologia , Citometria de FluxoRESUMO
A Catuama® é a associação de quatro extratos hidroalcoolicos obtidos de plantas brasileiras (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale) com conhecida ação neuroprotetora, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antidepressiva. O bilobalide é um componente extraído das folhas do Ginkgo biloba, que tem comprovada ação neuroprotetora nos sistemas nervosos central e periférico. O presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da Catuama® e do bilobalide na regeneração nervosa periférica de ratos submetidos à secção do nervo isquiático. Foram utilizados 40 ratos com implante de tubo de silicone preenchido por colágeno líquido, deixando-se um intervalo entre os segmentos nervosos de 10mm. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: o grupo controle (A); os grupos que receberam a Catuama® administrada por via oral nos primeiros 28 dias de pós-operatório, nas doses de 100 (B) e 400mg.kg-1 (C); e o grupo que recebeu o bilobalide na dose de 200µM (D), este, adicionado ao colágeno líquido utilizado no implante de silicone. Os animais foram avaliados na primeira, quinta e décima semanas de pós-operatório pelo teste de marcha. Na décima semana, foi realizada avaliação eletrofisiológica e análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos cortes histológicos de amostras do nervo isquiático e do músculo gastrocnêmio. Em todas as análises utilizadas observou-se excelente regeneração dos nervos, no entanto, não foi encontrada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os grupos experimentais e controle.(AU)
The Catuama® is composed of four Brazilian plants extracts (Paullinia cupana, Trichilia catigua, Ptychopetalum olacoides e Zingiber officinale). The Catuama® is known as having neuroprotector, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Bilobalide, extracted from leaves of Ginkgo biloba, is known by its neuroprotective effect in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The present study evaluates the effect of Catuama® and bilobalide on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats following a sciatic nerve section. Sciatic nerve of forty adult rats was transected with a 10-mm gap and the proximal and distal nerve stumps were fixed in a silicone tube filled with liquid collagen. The animals were divided into four groups: the control group (A), two groups treated with Catuama® by gavage along 28 days after the surgery in different doses of 100 (B) and 400mg.kg-1 (C) and the group using 200µM bilobalide (D) associated with the liquid collagen in the silicone tube. Evaluations were done by a walk test on the first, fifth and tenth week after the surgery. Electrophysiological stimulation and quantitative and qualitative histological analyses of the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle were also performed on the tenth week after the surgery. All groups showed good regeneration but no statistical difference was found between treatments and control groups (P>0.05).(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Bilobalídeos/administração & dosagem , Ginkgo biloba , Regeneração Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Nervo Isquiático/cirurgiaRESUMO
As células-tronco tumorais (CTTs) pertencem a uma pequena população de células dentro do tumor com propriedades de autorrenovação e diferenciação em outros tipos celulares. Neste estudo avaliou-se o comportamento tanto das porções mesenquimais quanto das epiteliais de seis carcinossarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas em tumores mistos (CTMs) grau I, 11 grau II e 10 grau III. Nas porções epiteliais dos CS e CTM foram observadas imunomarcações para os anticorpos CD44, CD24, Oct-4 e ALDH-1. Nas porções mesenquimais dos CS, nas porções epiteliais dos CTMs graus II e III não houve imunomarcação para o ALDH-1. Concluiu-se que as CTTs são expressas em proporções iguais tanto nas porções mesenquimais quanto nas epiteliais dos CSs e ausentes nas porções mesenquimais bem diferenciadas de CTMs.(AU)
Cancer stem cells belong to a small population of cells within the tumor with properties of self-renewal and differentiation into other cell types. In this study, the behavior of both portions, mesenchymal and epithelial, was evaluated. Six carcinosarcomas (CSs), 11 carcinomas within mixed tumors (CWMTs) grade I, 11 grade II, and 10 grade III were evaluated. In the epithelial portions of the CS and CWMTs was observed immunostaining for antibodies CD44, CD24, Oct-4 and ALDH-1. In the mesenchymal portions of the CS, in the epithelial portions of CMTs grades II and III no immunostaining for ALDH-1 was found. It was concluded that the tumor stem cells are expressed in equal proportions in the epithelial and mesenchymal portions of the CS. No immunostaining in the mesenchymal portions of well-differentiated CWMTs was seen.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Carcinossarcoma/veterinária , Carcinoma/veterinária , Citometria de Fluxo , Receptores de Hialuronatos , Antígeno CD24RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate parasitism kinetics and tissue lesions in the first week of infection by Neospora caninum in dogs fed Gallus gallus chorioallantoic membranes (CMs) previously infected in ovo. Five two-month-old pups were used. Each dog was given five CMs that were previously infected with N. caninum via the oral route. Four animals were euthanized in the first week of infection. All four dogs had their stools examined one week prior to and up to the day they were euthanized. The stools of the uneuthanized dog were collected for 30 days. After euthanasia, organ sections were utilized for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescent tissue reactions, PCR and real-time PCR to detect parasites. Necropsy revealed that the small and large intestines, spleen, and lungs were affected. No oocysts or N. caninum DNA were identified in the stool samples. Real-time PCR was the most sensitive technique used to detect the protozoa in tissues, which were identified in 41% of the analyzed samples. Our results indicate that an experimental model using previously infected CMs appears to be a useful model for the study of the host-parasite relationship during the infection's acute phase.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a cinética de parasitismo e lesões teciduais, na primeira semana de infecção por Neospora caninum, em cães alimentados com membranas corioalantóicas (MCs) de Gallus gallus, previamente infectadas in ovo. Foram utilizados cinco filhotes de dois meses de idade. Cada cão recebeu cinco MCs previamente infectadas com N. caninum, por via oral. Quatro animais foram eutanasiados na primeira semana de infecção. Todos os quatro cães tiveram suas fezes examinadas uma semana antes e até o dia em que foram eutanasiados. O cão que não foi eutanasiado teve suas fezes colhidas durante 30 dias. Depois da eutanasia fragmentos de órgãos foram processados para histopatologia, imuno-histoquímica, reação de imunofluorescência indireta em tecidos, PCR e PCR em tempo real para detecção do parasito. A necropsia revelou que os intestinos delgado e grosso, baço e pulmões foram os órgãos afectados. Oocistos de N. caninum não foram identificados nas amostras de fezes. A PCR em tempo real foi a técnica mais sensível para detectar o protozoário nos tecidos, sendo identificados em 41% das amostras analisadas. Os nossos resultados indicam que o modelo experimental utilizando MCs evidenciou ser um bom modelo para estudar a relação parasito-hospedeiro durante a fase aguda da infecção.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Membrana Corioalantoide/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Experimentação Animal , Galinhas , Coccidiose/transmissãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are able to self-renew and to form metastases. Using flow cytometry, CSCs were detected in canine mammary tumors as cells CD44(+) and CD24(-). The aim of this study was to detect these CSCs by immunohistochemistry and correlate their frequency with canine mammary neoplasm grade and histopathological type.130 mammary neoplasm samples were selected from tissue blocks at the Department of Pathology at UNESP and classified according to (BJVP 4:153-180, 2011). These samples were composed by adenomas, lymph node metastases, solid carcinomas grades II and III, tubular, papillary and carcinomas in mixed tumor grades I, II and III. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against CD44 and CD24. Linear regression was performed using Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS: The value at CD44 was positive and CD24 becomes zero was 46.75%. Cells with a CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype were detected in 40 out of 130 samples with an advantage of high grade tumors (II and III) and metastases among tubular, papillary and carcinomas in mixed tumors. In these samples, percentages of cells stained by CD44 and CD24 antibodies were 62.2% and 0%, respectively. Published reports usually correlate grade III tumors with the expression of CD44 but not with CD24 expression. Studies using flow cytometry have found CSC frequencies similar to those found in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemistry was found to be a reliable technique for the detection of CSCs in canine mammary neoplasms, and the frequency of these cells positively correlates with grades II and III tumors (poor prognosis).
Assuntos
Antígeno CD24/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Receptores de Hialuronatos/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/imunologia , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Antígeno CD24/genética , Cães , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Receptores de Hialuronatos/genética , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Gradação de Tumores , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismoRESUMO
The antibody and cellular immune responses against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were evaluated at mucosal sites of chickens after immunization with various doses of an attenuated vaccine at 1 day of age. The correlation of these immune responses with protection of tracheal tissues was evaluated after experimental infection of these birds. Significantly reduced tracheal pathologic effects, measured according to ciliostasis and histology lesions, and reduced viral load were observed only in the full-dose vaccinated group at 5 days post-infection (dpi), while incomplete protection was observed for the subdose vaccinated groups. Moreover, birds of vaccinated groups, especially with full dose, developed higher levels of lachrymal IBV-specific IgG and IgA and increased the expression of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) genes, such as gamma interferon (IFNγ), CD8+ T cell marker, and granzyme homolog A more rapidly. In addition, these humoral and cellular immune responses evaluated at mucosal sites correlated significantly with tracheal protection against homologous IBV challenge in a vaccine dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that IgG, IgA and CD8+ T cell responses developed at mucosal sites after IBV vaccination of day-old chicks, could be taken as good correlates of protection against this virus.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Vírus da Bronquite Infecciosa/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Galinhas/imunologia , Galinhas/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Granzimas/biossíntese , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Mucosa/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Traqueia/imunologia , Traqueia/patologia , Traqueia/virologia , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Carga Viral/imunologia , Carga Viral/veterinária , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
In canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), the abnormalities most commonly observed in clinical examination on the animals are lymphadenomegaly and skin lesions. Dogs are the main domestic reservoir for the protozoon Leishmania (L.) chagasi and the skin is the main site of contamination by the vector insect. Some protozoa use apoptosis as an immunological escape mechanism. The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of apoptosis with the parasite load and with the inflammatory response in the skin and lymph nodes of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Thirty-three dogs from the municipality of Araçatuba (São Paulo, Brazil) were used, an endemic area for CVL. Muzzle, ear and abdominal skin and the popliteal, subscapular, iliac and mesenteric lymph nodes of symptomatic (S), oligosymptomatic (O) and asymptomatic (A) dogs were analyzed histologically. The parasite load and percentage apoptosis were evaluated using an immunohistochemical technique. Microscopically, the lymph nodes presented chronic lymphadenitis and the skin presented plasmacytic infiltrate and granulomatous foci in the superficial dermis, especially in the ear and muzzle regions. The inflammation was most severe in group S. The parasite load and apoptotic cell density were also greatest in this group. The cause of the lymphoid atrophy in these dogs was correlated with T lymphocyte apoptosis, thus leaving the dogs more susceptible to CVL. The peripheral lymph nodes presented the greatest inflammatory response. Independent of the clinical picture, the predominant inflammatory response was granulomatous and plasmacytic, both in the skin and in the peripheral lymph nodes. The ear skin presented the greatest intensity of inflammation and parasite load, followed by the muzzle skin, in group S. The ear skin area presented a non-significant difference in cell profile, with predominance of macrophages, and a significant difference from group A to groups O and S. It was seen that in these areas, there were high densities of parasites and cells undergoing apoptosis, in group S. The association between apoptosis and parasite load was not significant in the lymph nodes, but in the muzzle regions and at the ear tips, a positive correlation was seen between the parasite load and the density of cells undergoing apoptosis. The dogs in group S had the highest parasite load and the greatest number of apoptotic cells, thus suggesting that the parasite had an immune evasion mechanism, which could be proven statistically in the skin.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Leishmania infantum/patogenicidade , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Linfonodos/patologia , Pele/patologia , Animais , Apoptose/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Inflamação/veterinária , Leishmania infantum/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/patologia , Linfonodos/parasitologia , Masculino , Carga Parasitária , Pele/parasitologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate parasitism kinetics and tissue lesions in the first week of infection by Neospora caninum in dogs fed Gallus gallus chorioallantoic membranes (CMs) previously infected in ovo. Five two-month-old pups were used. Each dog was given five CMs that were previously infected with N. caninum via the oral route. Four animals were euthanized in the first week of infection. All four dogs had their stools examined one week prior to and up to the day they were euthanized. The stools of the uneuthanized dog were collected for 30 days. After euthanasia, organ sections were utilized for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescent tissue reactions, PCR and real-time PCR to detect parasites. Necropsy revealed that the small and large intestines, spleen, and lungs were affected. No oocysts or N. caninum DNA were identified in the stool samples. Real-time PCR was the most sensitive technique used to detect the protozoa in tissues, which were identified in 41% of the analyzed samples. Our results indicate that an experimental model using previously infected CMs appears to be a useful model for the study of the host-parasite relationship during the infection's acute phase.
Assuntos
Membrana Corioalantoide/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Experimentação Animal , Animais , Galinhas , Coccidiose/transmissão , CãesRESUMO
Hereditary or acquired cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) is commonly diagnosed in Holstein, Guernsey, Shorthorn and Jersey cattle. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) has been associated to acquired CH due to viral infection during the second trimester of pregnancy. Stricken calf usually shows ataxia, hypermetria, opisthotonus, intentional tremor and wide-based stance when in standing position. Three newborn calves were referred to the FCAV/Unesp Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of neurological distress. The clinical presentation, similar in all cases, indicated CH. Two weeks later, clinical signs did not improve and euthanasia was performed. Macroscopic examination revealed a gelatinous serosanguineous fluid over the brain surface and within the cervical spinal canal. Histologically the cerebellum had disorganization of the internal granular layer and moderate disappearance of Purkinje cells. The observed clinical signs and nervous tissue lesions were consistent with congenital cerebellar syndrome, possibly associated to viral infection during fetal development. Despite CH has been assumed to be related to BVD, blue tongue and Akabane viruses, only the BVD etiology has been already identified in Brazil.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Vírus da Diarreia Viral BovinaRESUMO
Hereditary or acquired cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) is commonly diagnosed in Holstein, Guernsey, Shorthorn and Jersey cattle. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) has been associated to acquired CH due to viral infection during the second trimester of pregnancy. Stricken calf usually shows ataxia, hypermetria, opisthotonus, intentional tremor and wide-based stance when in standing position. Three newborn calves were referred to the FCAV/Unesp Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of neurological distress. The clinical presentation, similar in all cases, indicated CH. Two weeks later, clinical signs did not improve and euthanasia was performed. Macroscopic examination revealed a gelatinous serosanguineous fluid over the brain surface and within the cervical spinal canal. Histologically the cerebellum had disorganization of the internal granular layer and moderate disappearance of Purkinje cells. The observed clinical signs and nervous tissue lesions were consistent with congenital cerebellar syndrome, possibly associated to viral infection during fetal development. Despite CH has been assumed to be related to BVD, blue tongue and Akabane viruses, only the BVD etiology has been already identified in Brazil.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Doenças Cerebelares/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral BovinaRESUMO
As caderinas compreendem uma classe de moléculas de adesão celular expressa na superfície de todas as camadas epidérmicas. A E-caderina é a principal caderina envolvida na adesão celular epitelial. A redução de sua expressão está envolvida na progressão de alguns tipos de câncer, no potencial metastático e ainda na definição do prognóstico, principalmente nos carcinomas. O carcinoma de células escamosas e o tumor de células basais são neoplasias cutâneas malignas que afetam os cães. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão da E-caderina no carcinoma de células escamosas (n=20) e no tumor de células basais (n=15), buscando-se relacionar sua expressão ao comportamento biológico desses tumores. Os carcinomas de células escamosas apresentaram significativa redução da expressão da molécula comparado aos tumores de células basais, quando avaliado pelo teste de Fisher (P=0,0039). Também foi observado que células neoplásicas mais diferenciadas apresentaram coloração mais intensa que as menos diferenciadas. Em conclusão, sugere-se que a expressão reduzida da E-caderina em tumores cutâneos pode indicar maior poder infiltrativo e consequentemente mau prognóstico na espécie canina.
The cadherins are a group of cellular adhesion molecules that are expressed on the surface of all epidermic layer. The E-cadherin is the main cadherin involved in epithelial cellular adhesion; the decrease in its expression is related to the progression of some types of cancer, to its metastatic characteristics, and to the prognosis, specially carcinomas. The squamous cell carcinoma and the basal cells tumors are a malignant epithelial neoplasm which affects dogs. The goal of this study was to evaluate E-cadherin's expression in canine tissues that were classified as squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell tumor, and to find a correlation with the biological behavior of the tumors. The squamous cell carcinomas showed significantly decreased expression of the molecule compared to the basal cell tumors when evaluated by Fisher's test (P=0.0039). Also, the more differentiated neoplastic cells had a higher intensity of color than the less differentiated ones. In conclusion, it is suggested that the reduced expression of E-cadherin in skin tumors may indicate greater power infiltrative and consequently poor prognosis in dogs.
RESUMO
Neste trabalho, é descrito o caso de um bezerro mestiço recém-nascido que apresentava atresia anal tipo 2, fístula uretrorretal congênita, bolsa escrotal bífida e pseudo-hermafroditismo masculino. O principal sinal clínico era a eliminação de fezes por meio do óstio prepucial, uma apresentação incomum em casos de fístula uretrorretal em animais machos. Apesar de o quadro de atresia anal ser relativamente comum nessa espécie, os outros defeitos congênitos encontrados são pouco frequentes.
In this study, the case of a newborn calf, which presented type 2 anal atresia, congenital urethrorectal fistula, bifid scrotum and male pseudohermafroditism is described. The main clinical sign was the elimination of feces by the prepucial ostium, an unusual finding in cases of urethrorectal fistula in male animals. Although anal atresia is relatively common in bovines, the other congenital defects found in this case are uncommon.
RESUMO
A presente pesquisa avaliou os sinais clínicos, as alterações histopatológicas e as variações em enzimas séricas em ovinos infectados experimentalmente por T. vivax. Para tanto utilizaram-se oito ovinos machos, sendo quatro destes para o grupo-testemunho e quatro infectados com 105 tripomastigotas de T. vivax. Coletaram-se amostras de sangue em dois tempos antes da infecção e posteriormente em dias determinados, avaliando-se as dosagens de gamaglutamiltransferase, aspartatoaminotransferase, lactato desidrogenase, fosfatase alcalina e creatina quinase. Os animais foram examinados, diariamente, por parasitemia e aos 120 dias após infecção (dpi) foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, com estudo histopatológico de fígado, rins, baço, coração, linfonodos, cérebro, pulmão e testículos. Para a análise estatística, empregouse o teste de Wilcoxon a 5% de probabilidade. Os sinais clínicos encontrados foram: apatia, palidez das mucosas, aumento de linfonodos superficiais, secreção nasal e elevação da temperatura retal, diarreia esporádica e sinais nervosos (bruxismo e incoordenação). Houve alterações significativas em todos os parâmetros bioquímicos e histopatológicos avaliados nos animais infectados. Dessa forma, a amostra de T. vivax procedente da Paraíba é capaz de causar alterações enzimáticas, clínicas e histológicas importantes, comprometendo a funcionalidade dos órgãos afetados e resultando em disfunção metabólica animal.(AU)
This present research evaluated the clinical signs, histopathological and enzymatic changes in sheep experimentally infected with T. vivax. For this evaluation, eight male sheep, four in the control group and four infected with 105 T. vivax trypomastigotes were used. Blood samples were collected twice before infection and on certain days after infection, evaluating the serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase. The animals were examined daily for parasitaemia, and 120 days after infection (dpi) the animals were euthanized and necropsied with posterior liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lymph nodes, brain, lung and testicles histopathology. Wilcoxon test at 5% probability was used for the statistical analysis. The following clinical signs were found: apathy, pallor of mucous membranes, increase of superficial lymph nodes, nasal discharge and elevated rectal temperature, occasional diarrhea and nervous signs (bruxism and incoordination). Significant changes in all biochemical parameters and histopathological parameters were found in infected animals, thus the T. vivax sample found in Paraíba, Brazil, can cause changes on enzyme levels besides clinical and important histological changes, compromising the functionality of the affected organs and resulting in metabolic dysfunction.(AU)