RESUMO
Hyptis pectinata, popularly known as 'sambacaitá' or 'canudinho', is a medicinal and aromatic species widely used in the Brazilian Northeast. In Sergipe, the excessive extraction of natural resources may reduce the genetic variability of native plants. Thus, molecular markers have frequently been applied to the characterization of genetic diversity as the basis for germplasm conservation and breeding programs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of H. pectinata plants collected in different municipalities of the State of Sergipe using ISSR molecular markers. Thirty-four primers were tested, nine of which were selected for providing reproducible and analyzable amplification products, resulting in 67 polymorphic bands. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.32 to 0.45, with a mean of 0.39. Polymorphism information content was of 0.49, which classifies the markers as moderately informative. A dendrogram was constructed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, forming three clusters: Cluster I (79 plants); Cluster II (4 plants); and Cluster III (2 plants). Jaccard's similarity coefficients ranged from 0.06 to 0.98. The plants SAM-117 and SAM-119 presented greater similarity. Conversely, SAM-107 and SAM-171 were the most genetically distant. In general, H. pectinata plants collected in the State of Sergipe presented low to moderate genetic diversity.
Assuntos
Hyptis/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Melhoramento VegetalRESUMO
Brazil has about 300 Croton species in different types of vegetation. Croton tetradenius Baill., which is endemic to the Northeast region and predominant in the Caatinga vegetation, stands out among the several species of this genus. Considering the importance of knowing the genetic variability of a species, the objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of the genotypes of natural populations of C. tetradenius in the State of Sergipe, using ISSR molecular markers. Forty individuals were sampled in four natural populations of the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Thirteen primers were used for DNA amplification using ISSR-PCR, totaling 77 amplified fragments, of which 94.8% were polymorphic. Results of the cluster analysis obtained by the Jaccard's similarity index, using the UPGMA method, resulted in the formation of six distinct clusters. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), used to estimate the genetic variability among populations, revealed significant genetic variance (P < 0.01) between and within the studied populations, and most of the genetic diversity was found (87%) within populations. According to the Jaccard's similarity index, none of the studied plants was genetically identical. CTE210 and CTE305 presented high similarity index (0.76), while CTE105 presented low similarity index (<0.16) with all related individuals. ISSR markers were efficient and allowed the formation of a molecular profile, and had sufficient polymorphism to estimate the genetic variability between the accessions of the studied populations.
Assuntos
Croton/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
Requirements of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) are becoming essential for international trade in food commodities as a safety assurance component. This research reports the level of the adoption of ISO 9000 and the HACCP system by Federal Inspection Type (TIF) pork-exporting enterprises. Implementation and operating costs are reported as well as the benefits involved in this food industry process. In Mexico, there are 97 companies classified as TIF enterprises, and 22 are registered as exporters of processed pork with the National Services for Safety and Quality and Animal Health of the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food. Surveys were administered to 22 companies, with a 95.2% response rate. Enterprise characteristics were evaluated, as well as their operating activities. Fieldwork consisted of administering structured questionnaires to TIF exporters. All the surveyed enterprises had implemented HACCP, whereas the ISO 9000 regulation was applied in only 30%. Of total production, 75% is exported to 13 countries, and 25% goes to the Mexican market niche. Results indicate that the main factors for adopting HACCP are related to accessibility to international markets, improving quality, and reducing product quality audits by customers. The results also indicated that staff training was the most important issue. Microbiological testing was the highest cost of the operation. The main benefits reported were related to better access to international markets and a considerable reduction in microbial counts. This study shows the willingness of Mexican pork processors to implement food safety protocols for producing safe and quality products to compete in the international food trade.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Produtos da Carne/normas , Animais , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle/métodos , México , SuínosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the participation of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in abortion cases of Peruvian llamas and alpacas. Fifteen aborted foetuses were recovered from two main rearing areas of camelids in Peru (Central or South Andean region). Foetal histopathology was used to detect the presence of protozoal-associated lesions in target organs. N. caninum and T. gondii infections were confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) combined with PCR and by PCR alone, respectively. The influence of the species (llama and alpaca), foetal age (first, second and third gestational periods) and geographical location (Central or South Andean region) of the foetuses was also studied. Thirteen of the samples (26%, 13/50) showed lesions suggestive of protozoal infection. N. caninum infection was detected by either IHC or specific PCR in 14 out of 50 foetuses (28%), of which 8 also showed protozoal-associated lesions. T. gondii DNA was not detected in any of the foetuses analysed. Protozoal infection was more frequent in the foetuses from the second gestational period (P<0.05, Fisher F-test). No significant association was observed between protozoal infection and species or geographical location (P>0.05, chi2 test). The results of the present study indicate that neosporosis should be included during the differential diagnosis of abortion in llamas and alpacas.
Assuntos
Feto Abortado/parasitologia , Camelídeos Americanos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Neospora , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Peru , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/veterináriaRESUMO
Neospora caninum is a cyst-forming coccidian that mainly affects bovines, although Neospora infection has also been described in other domestic and wild ruminant species. Serum samples from 78 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and 73 llamas (Lama glama) at a unique dilution of 1:50 tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) were further analyzed serologically by IFAT and Western blot in both ruminant species to avoid cross-reactions with closely related coccidian parasites and to confirm the existence of N. caninum-specific antibodies. IFAT titers ranging between 1:50 and 1:800 were found. When using Western blot, N. caninum tachyzoite-specific immunodominant antigens with apparent molecular weights of 17-18, 34-35, 37, and 60-62 kDa were also recognized, although some sera with 1:50 IFAT titers proved not to have N. caninum-specific antibodies. As expected, higher IFAT titers were associated with higher anti-N. caninum reactivity in Western blot. This report documents for the first time the presence of N. caninum infection in adult alpacas and llamas from Peru.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Camelídeos Americanos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Neospora/imunologia , Animais , Western Blotting/veterinária , Coccidiose/diagnóstico , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/imunologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Peru/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This article compares results obtained in previous studies using time-frequency representations (Wigner-Ville, Choi-Williams and Parametric) and the wavelet transform with those obtained with wavelet packet functions to show new findings about their quality in the analysis of ECoG recordings in human intractable epilepsy: data from 21 patients have been analyzed and processed with four types of wavelet functions, including Orthogonal, Biorthogonal and Non-Orthogonal basis. These functions were compared in order to test their quality to represent spikes in the ECoG. The energy based on the wavelet coefficients to different scales was also calculated. The best results were found with the biorthogonal-6.8 wavelet on 5-7 scales, which gave 0.92 sensitivity, but with a high percentage of false positives; this representation was highly correlated with spike events on time and duration. To improve these results we have studied the wavelet packet coefficients energy. We found that reconstruction wavelet packet coefficients at 4 and 9 nodes contain significant information to characterize the spike event. These nodes' reconstruction coefficients were multiplied and this product was highly correlated with spikes events on time and duration. With this procedure we improved the sensitivity up to 0.96 with the same biorthogonal-6.8 wavelet at four levels. With this technique we do not sacrifice computation time: 896 samples are processed at only 0.16 s, so that it is possible to show the spike scattering path on line, because 896 samples (7 s)/16 channels are processed at 3.13 s.
Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Epilepsia/cirurgia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The authors report a case of an asymptomatic 30-year-old female patient with an extensive cystic lesion continuous with the splenic parenchyma. A review of the literature and use of a videolaparoscopic approach to the treatment of these lesions is presented.
Assuntos
Cistos/cirurgia , Laparoscopia , Esplenopatias/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although videolaparoscopy has been considered a safe method for many elective procedures, its use in traumatic and non-traumatic acute abdomen needs to be evaluated. The aim of this article is to evaluate the role of videolaparoscopy in non-traumatic acute abdomen as a method of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Between January 1992 and December 1996, 462 patients' charts were reviewed, retrospectively. Patients were admitted to the emergency room of São Rafael Hospital with symptoms of non-traumatic acute abdomen. Routine investigation of abdominal pain was performed in all patients, followed by videolaparoscopy. The laparoscopic procedures were done with four main purposes: diagnosis (ie, enteritis); diagnosis and treatment (ie, appendicitis); treatment only, when the diagnosis was known (ie, acute cholecystitis); and in cases where the conversion to conventional laparotomy was necessary, indicating the best incision. RESULTS: The vast majority of patients had inflammatory causes of acute abdomen (82.03%); others causes were hemoperitoneum (11.03%), bowel obstruction (3.25%), perforation of a hollow viscera (1.74%), vascular occlusion (1.3%), and negative laparoscopy (0.65%). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that laparotomy was necessary in only 7.14% of the patients. The videolaparoscopic approach was used for diagnosis (99.35%) and treatment (92.86%) of patients with acute abdomen.
Assuntos
Abdome Agudo/diagnóstico , Abdome Agudo/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Cirurgia Vídeoassistida , Brasil , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Endoscopia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
There are many questions regarding the advantages and disadvantages a videolaparoscopic approach in the treatment of acute appendicitis. The authors present the results of a non-randomized, prospective study with 496 patients admitted between January 1992 and March 1998 by the General Surgery Service of São Rafael Hospital Salvador-BA-Brazil. The patients were submitted for appendicectomy by video laparoscopy or by the traditional open method, and variables such as surgery duration, morbidity, mortality, costs, and length of stay (LOS) were compared. The results demonstrate that laparoscopic appendicectomy is a safe alternative for treatment of acute appendicitis; however, there are several disadvantages that gradually must be overcome.
Assuntos
Apendicectomia/métodos , Apendicite/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Apendicectomia/efeitos adversos , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Apendicite/mortalidade , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
HTLV-I infection and associated myelopathy has been reproduced experimentally in vitro and in vivo and these studies have shown the possibility of creating several lines of infective cells and of detecting minor and major clinical expressions of HTLV-I associated myelopathy in rabbits and rats.
Assuntos
Infecções por HTLV-I/complicações , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/genética , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/virologia , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I , Antígenos HTLV-I , Humanos , Coelhos , RatosRESUMO
Despite the ongoing evolution in the medical treatment of biliary pathology, the standard of treatment for gallstones remains cholecystectomy. There are no alternative treatments that have shown the same efficacy as surgery. Current alternative treatments have shown high recurrence and failure rates. Cholecystectomy remains the gold standard for management of gallstones. The surgical access of laparoscopic cholecystectomy accomplished by Mouret in 1987 allows for a reduction in operative trauma, hospital stay, postoperative pain and convalescence. These factors permit a faster return to normal activities. Today, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed in almost all medical centers around the world; however, the procedure is not free of complications. The objective of this study was to analyze our first 1000 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, giving emphasis to the morbidity and mortality of the procedure.
Assuntos
Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Gravação em Vídeo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/efeitos adversos , Colelitíase/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/classificação , Complicações Intraoperatórias/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/classificação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional indirecto para establecer o determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos del dormir en 500 preadolescentes sanos del Barrio "Simon Bolivar" de la ciudad de Santo Domingo. La incidencia en los trastornos del dormir en la población en estudio es de un 51.8 por ciento para las edades comprendidas entre 8-9 años y de 47.9 por ciento en el grupo de 9-10 años. Se concluye confirmando lo indicado por otros estudios, que el índice de trastornos del dormir en la población estudiada supuestamente sana se debe a situaciones conflictivas psicológicas y precariedades económicas en las que está inmersa la familia
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Sonambulismo , Estudos Transversais , EnureseRESUMO
PIP: Factors that increase reproductive risks are examined: maternal age at pregnancy, parity, pregnancy intervals, and abortion. Comparing maternal mortality by age in 3 countries in 1981, Venezuela, Sri Lanka, and England, rates were equal and the lowest were among 20-30 year olds. In another study by the Ministry of Health for Brazil in 1986, Brazil had an infant mortality rate of 70/100,000, 10 times greater that Australia, Scotland, and Sweden, and 5 times greater than the US. 42.8% of those newborns had mothers less than 20 or more than 30 years old. Mother's parity also influenced child mortality. In Recife, Brazil, the probability of death for the 1st child was 13.7%, increasing to 50% for the 5th child. Another problem endemic to Brazil is abortion. In 1986, over 84 thousand complicated abortions were treated by INAMPS, the national health institution. The data shows the importance and need of family planning for health promotion and welfare of the maternal/child population in Brazil.^ieng
Assuntos
Demografia , Mortalidade Infantil , Mortalidade Materna , Mortalidade , Dinâmica Populacional , População , Aborto Induzido , Fatores Etários , América , Ásia , Brasil , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Inglaterra , Europa (Continente) , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , América Latina , Características da População , América do Sul , Sri Lanka , Reino Unido , VenezuelaRESUMO
Thromboembolism problem is a grave complication which occurs with great frequency in patients hospitalized in a critical state. The association between periferical venous thrombosis and the thromboembolic accident is plainly demonstrated, although the accurate establishment of the clinical diagnosis of phlebothrombosis is only feasible in 50% of the cases. In the present work, we describe the methodology and the experience which we have acquired with the use of radioisotops in the diagnosis of these problems. We studied 64 patients to whom in the supine position we injected into a vein in both heels, from 3 to 5 millicuries of 99m-Tecnecio, practicing three stages: dynamic venography, a static study, and a pulmonary gammagram. In the normal cases, we clearly identified the tracts of the principal femural, iliac, and the inferior third of the inferior vena cava veins. In the abnormal studies, we observed the obstructive process manifested by the absence of radioactivity in the affected venous tract, with appearence of collateral circulation, definitive data which establishes with certainty the diagnosis. It can be concluded that the method is rapid and easily carried out, meaning that it could be a routine practice in all of those patients who are suspected of having this problem.