RESUMO
Objetivo: evidenciar quais são as repercussões no leito vascular e as características dos neonatos de gestantes com Síndromes Hipertensivas Gestacionais e/ou Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. Método: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, as buscas da pesquisa foram realizadas no mês de julho do ano de 2017, nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e na National Library of Medicine. Os dados foram tabulados em planilhas do Excel, sendo aplicada a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os recém-nascidos de mães hipertensas estiveram relacionados a prematuridade e baixo peso para a idade gestacional, enquanto os recém-nascidos de mães diabéticas são relacionados a uma maior idade gestacional ao nascimento e peso considerado grande para a idade gestacional. Considerações finais: salienta-se a importância do acompanhamento através do pré-natal desde os primórdios da gestação, como medida protetiva à saúde materno-infantil.
Objective: investigate the repercussions in the vascular bed and the characteristics of the neonates of pregnant women with Hypertensive Syndromes in Pregnancy and/or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: it is a systematic review of the literature, the research searches were carried out in July of the year 2017, in the databases of Latin American Literature of the Caribbean in Health Sciences and National Library of Medicine. Data were tabulated in Excel spreadsheets, and content analysis was applied. Results: newborns of hypertensive mothers were related to prematurity and low birth weight for gestational age, while the newborns of diabetic mothers are related to a higher gestational age at birth and a heaviest for gestational age. Final considerations: importance of follow-up through prenatal care from the earliest stages of gestation, as a protective measure for maternal and child health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Gestacional , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Species richness in freshwater bony fishes depends on two main processes: the transition into and the diversification within freshwater habitats. In contrast to bony fishes, only few cartilaginous fishes, mostly stingrays (Myliobatoidei), were able to colonize fresh water. Respective transition processes have been mainly assessed from a physiological and morphological perspective, indicating that the freshwater lifestyle is strongly limited by the ability to perform osmoregulatory adaptations. However, the transition history and the effect of physiological constraints on the diversification in stingrays remain poorly understood. Herein, we estimated the geographic pathways of freshwater colonization and inferred the mode of habitat transitions. Further, we assessed habitat-related speciation rates in a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework to understand factors driving the transition of stingrays into and the diversification within fresh water. Using South American and Southeast Asian freshwater taxa as model organisms, we found one independent freshwater colonization event by stingrays in South America and at least three in Southeast Asia. We revealed that vicariant processes most likely caused freshwater transition during the time of major marine incursions. The habitat transition rates indicate that brackish water species switch preferably back into marine than forth into freshwater habitats. Moreover, our results showed significantly lower diversification rates in brackish water lineages, whereas freshwater and marine lineages exhibit similar rates. Thus, brackish water habitats may have functioned as evolutionary bottlenecks for the colonization of fresh water by stingrays, probably because of the higher variability of environmental conditions in brackish water.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Água Doce , Águas Salinas , Rajidae , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Filogenia , América do SulRESUMO
Biomedical potential of polyphenols lies in their ability to modulate redox balance and the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of total polyphenols in different murine organs by assaying analytical techniques of Folin Ciocalteu (FC) and Fast Blue BB (FBBB). METHOD: Balb/c female mice (n≥3) received for 15 days 100 mg/kg/d of extract of Lantana grisebachii (LG), Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (AQB) or Ilex paraguariensis (IP) and control group (treated with water without extract). Polyphenolic concentrations were measured in telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, brainstem, cerebellum, spleen, thymus and cardiopulmonary tissue by FC and FBBB methods. Results were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p<0.05). RESULTS: FBBB method reported higher detections than FC (4.5 fold in telencephalon, 8.4 in midbrain, 5 in brainstem, 7.2 in spleen, 68.5 in thymus and 4 in cardiopulmonary tissue). Regarding the treatments, the group that received AQB showed to have increased polyphenolic bioavailability in brainstem (p<0.02). With FBBB, a decrease on thymic polyphenol content after treatment with IP was detected (p<0.005). In cerebellum of the groups treated with IP and telencephalon of the control group showed significant differences when these were analyzed with FC (p<0.05, p<0.0035 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: FBBB method showed higher estimations of polyphenolic bioavailability than FC, and this could be related to higher specificity of the technique to react with phenolic compounds.
Assuntos
Aspidosperma/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacocinética , Polifenóis/farmacocinética , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Compostos de Diazônio , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Miocárdio/química , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/metabolismo , Timo/efeitos dos fármacos , Timo/metabolismoRESUMO
Shiga toxin (Stx) and hemolysin (Hly) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 produced an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal human blood. In vitro assays showed that stimuli of ROS with these toxins oxidized proteins to carbonyls in plasma and raised the degradation of oxidized macromolecules, with the AOPP/carbonyl relationship also increasing. The oxidative stress generated by toxins during the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) produced oxidation of blood proteins with a rise in advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in children with HUS. There was a response from the antioxidant system in these patients, evaluated through the determination of the total antioxidant capacity of plasma by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), which reduced the stimuli of ROS during in vitro incubation with Stx or Hly. The application of natural antioxidants was sufficient to reduce in vitro the oxidative stress provoked by both toxins in blood.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Escherichia coli O157/patogenicidade , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/toxicidade , Proteínas Hemolisinas/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Toxina Shiga/toxicidade , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Criança , Escherichia coli O157/metabolismo , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Frutas/química , Proteínas Hemolisinas/isolamento & purificação , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/sangue , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Prosopis/química , Carbonilação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/sangue , Toxina Shiga/isolamento & purificação , Ziziphus/químicaRESUMO
Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. (Clusiaceae), known as "Pau Santo", is used to treat several tropical diseases. The hydroethanolic extract (HE) of Kielmeyera coriacea stems and its semi-pure dichloromethane constituent (DCM) produced an anti-immobility effect in rats submitted to the forced swimming test (FST), suggesting a antidepressant-like profile. This study evaluated the effect of intra-median raphe nucleus (MRN) microinjection of 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone, present in large quantity in the HE from Kielmeyera coriacea stems, on immobility behaviour in the FST in rats. The effects of xanthone were compared with intra-MRN microinjections of Way100635 (5-HT1A antagonist) or (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A agonist). Locomotor activity in the open-field test (OFT) was evaluated as a complementary measure. Xanthone (0.3ng) or Way100635 (2.5microg) reduced, whereas (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5.0microg) increased immobility time in the FST. Way100635 (2.5 or 5.0microg) completely reversed the effects of (+) 8-OHDPAT (5.0microg), and potentiated the anti-immobility effect of the ineffective dose of xanthone (0.2ng) in the FST. The association of effective doses of (+) 8-OH-DPAT (5.0microg) and xanthone (0.3ng) annulled the effect of each compound on immobility time. These results suggest that xanthone acts as an antagonist at 5-HT1A autoreceptors in MRN and increases serotonin (5-HT) availability in projection regions, proving to be a prototype drug that may be useful in mood isorders such as depression, or indeed be a beneficial adjunctive treatment improving the efficacy and/or accelerating the effects of antidepressant drugs in patients with major depression.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Clusiaceae/química , Resposta de Imobilidade Tônica/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antagonistas da Serotonina/farmacologia , Xantonas/farmacologia , 8-Hidroxi-2-(di-n-propilamino)tetralina/farmacologia , Animais , Antidepressivos/isolamento & purificação , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Caules de Planta , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Serotonina/metabolismo , Antagonistas do Receptor 5-HT1 de Serotonina , Antagonistas da Serotonina/isolamento & purificação , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Xantonas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Bacteremia continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in adult patients despite the existence of numerous antimicrobial agents and an increase in support measures. The aim of this study was to analyze the cases of community and hospital-acquired bacteremia, by evaluating the prevalence of species, risk factors, source of infection and antimicrobial susceptibility of the microorganisms involved. From January 2000 to December 2004, 129 cases of bacteremia due to enterobacteria were detected in 45 outpatients (35%) and 84 inpatients (65%). The most common risk factors were neoplasia (33.3%) and diabetes (12.4%); being urinary (29.5%) and abdominal (13.9%) the most frequently found sources of infection. E. coli was the most common enterobacteria isolated in both populations, followed by Klebsiella spp. (21.7%), and Enterobacter spp. (12.4%). Klebsiella spp. bacteremia was most common in ICU patients and, together with Enterobacter spp., constituted the most antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
La bacteriemia sigue siendo una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes adultos, a pesar de los numerosos antimicrobianos hoy disponibles y del aumento de las medidas de soporte. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los episodios de bacteriemia por enterobacterias adquiridas en la comunidad y durante la hospitalización registrados durante un período de cinco años, estableciendo la prevalencia de especies, los factores de riesgo y los focos, así como la sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de los microorganismos involucrados. Entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2004 se registraron en el Hospital Nacional de Clínicas de Córdoba 129 episodios de bacteriemias por enterobacterias: 45 correspondientes a pacientes ambulatorios (35%) y 84 a hospitalizados (65%). Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron neoplasia (33,3%) y diabetes (12,4%); y los focos más habituales el urinario (29,5%) y el abdominal (13,9%). La enterobacteria aislada con mayor frecuencia en ambas poblaciones fue E. coli, con una incidencia media del 53,5%, seguida de Klebsiella spp. (21,7%) y Enterobacter spp. (12,4%). Las bacteriemias por Klebsiella spp. fueron más comunes en UTI. Esta especie junto con Enterobacter spp. fueron las bacterias más resistentes a los antimicrobianos ensayados.
Bacteremia continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in adult patients despite the existence of numerous antimicrobial agents and an increase in support measures. The aim of this study was to analyze the cases of community and hospital-acquired bacteremia, by evaluating the prevalence of species, risk factors, source of infection and antimicrobial susceptibility of the microorganisms involved. From January 2000 to December 2004, 129 cases of bacteremia due to enterobacteria were detected in 45 outpatients (35%) and 84 inpatients (65%). The most common risk factors were neoplasia (33.3%) and diabetes (12.4%); being urinary (29.5%) and abdominal (13.9%) the most frequently found sources of infection. E. coli was the most common enterobacteria isolated in both populations, followed by Klebsiella spp. (21.7%), and Enterobacter spp. (12.4%). Klebsiella spp. bacteremia was most common in ICU patients and, together with Enterobacter spp., constituted the most antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Hospitais Universitários , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Susceptibility to fluconazole and amphotericin B in 84 clinical isolates of Candida was determined by a macrodilution method (NCCLS). Amphotericin B was very active (CMI < 1.25 microg/ml) against C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Less than 5% of C. albicans and/or C. glabrata isolates presented low susceptibility to the drug (CMI 80 > 2.50 microg/ml). Fluconazole was less active against C. glabrata and C. krusei (CMI 80 > 100 microg/ml). The susceptibility profile for fluconazole indicated the importance to the treatment of identification to species level.