RESUMO
A retratação em casos de abuso sexual de crianças (ASC) corresponde à situação na qual a criança/adolescente nega uma revelação prévia. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar fatores de risco e de proteção associados à retratação, através de revisão integrativa de estudos empíricos sobre esta temática, publicados nas bases de dados LILACS, PePSIC, PubMEd, PsycInfo, SciELO e Scopus/Elsevier. Utilizaram-se os descritores retratação, abuso sexual, revelação, criança e adolescente em português, inglês e espanhol. De um total de 294 artigos encontrados, foram incluídos 12 estudos na revisão. Da análise de conteúdo resultaram cinco temas relativos aos fatores de risco e de proteção da retratação: Condições relacionadas com a criança; Dinâmicas do ASC; Revelação do ASC; Sistema familiar; e Respostas dos sistemas de proteção e justiça. Os temas identificados representam um avanço no campo teórico da retratação, indicando a conjugação de condições intrapessoais e interpessoais em vários níveis sistêmicos: família, comunidade e instituições do sistema de proteção e justiça. Estes resultados representam uma mais valia para o campo da avaliação do risco de retratação, de forma a subsidiar o trabalho de profissionais e entidades que lidam com vítimas do ASC. São apresentadas limitações dos estudos e as possíveis implicações para investigações futuras.(AU)
Recantation in cases of child sexual abuse (CSA) corresponds to the situation in which the child/adolescent denies a previously disclosure. This article aims to identify risk and protective factors associated with recantation, through an integrative reviewof empirical studies on this topic, published in the LILACS, PePSIC, PubMed, PsycInfo, SciELO and Scopus / Elsevier databases. The descriptors "recantation", "sexual abuse", "disclosure", "child" and "adolescent" were used in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. From a total of 294 articles found, 12 studies were included in the review. The content analysis resulted in five dimensions related to risk and protection factors of recantation:Child-related conditions; Dynamics of CSA; "Disclosure of CSA"; "Family system"; and Responses from protection and justice systems. The identified themes represent an advance in the theoretical field of recantation, indicating the combination of intrapersonal and interpersonal conditions at various systemic levels: family, community and institutions of the protection and justice system. These results represent an asset for the field of risk assessment of recantation, to subsidize the work of professionals and entities that deal with victims of CSA. Study limitations and possible implications for future investigations are presented.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Abuso Sexual na Infância , Revelação da Verdade , Saúde Mental , PsicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recantation after child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure refers to the complete denial of prior reports by a victim. In substantiated cases of CSA, recantation has negative effects on criminal proceedings and the protection of current and future victims. Past studies have identified the socio-family factors and CSA characteristics that are associated with recantation. However, the systematization of these risk factors remains limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the predictors of recantation using a sample of criminal cases of CSA. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: The sample consisted of 108 criminal cases of CSA with (n = 46) and without recantation (n = 62). All the cases had been judged in a Brazilian court of law between 2010 and 2016. RESULTS: The final logistic regression model consisted of the following five significant predictors of recantation: a lack of support from the caregiver (odds ratio [OR] = 15.90, p < .001), disclosure to a single individual (OR = 13.75, p = .001), parental offending (OR = 12.44, p = .001), a long time interval (i.e., >one week) between disclosure and the reporting of the abuse to the authorities (OR = 8.64, p = .003), and a higher number of formal interviews (OR = 1.50, p = .052). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings underscore not only the effects of socio-family factors and the number of interviews on recantation but also the importance of examining the contexts within which previous disclosures of CSA have been made to the assessment of the risk of recantation.
Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Criança , Revelação , Humanos , Pais , Autorrevelação , Revelação da VerdadeRESUMO
Parent-adolescent communication seems to depend largely of some socio-demographic characteristics. The main goal of this research is the analysis of parent-adolescent perception about their communication considering some socio-demographic variables: sex, residence, socioeconomic status, education and family composition. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used to analyze the perception of 336 parents and 268 children about the quality of communication using the Perception Scale of Parenting Communication.: It was revealed that: boys tend to share their problems mostly with fathers; mothers have better perception of communication; there weren't statistical differences on communicational conflict in the sex variable; members of high socioeconomic classes and urban contexts have better perception about communication; and adolescents of post-divorce families tend to share their problems mostly with mothers than adolescents of intact nuclear families. Considering the influence of some socio-demographic variables on parent-adolescent communication, it is possible design concrete clinical interventions. It suggests the need to pay attention to particular contexts (rural places and low socioeconomic classes). These results demystify the belief that post-divorce families have more difficulties than nuclear intact families.
Assuntos
Comunicação , Relações Pais-Filho , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Características da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autorrelato , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
A comunicação estabelecida entre progenitores e filhos adolescentes parece depender, em grande medida, de algumas características sociodemográficas. Objetivo: Análise da comunicação em famílias com filhos adolescentes, considerando as variáveis: sexo, área de residência, nível socioeconómico, escolaridade e estrutura familiar. Método: Através de um desenho quantitativo/transversal, aplicou-se a Escala de Avaliação da Comunicação na Parentalidade a 336 pais e 268 adolescentes. Resultados: Verifica-se que: os rapazes tendem a partilhar os seus problemas com os progenitores do sexo masculino; as mães destacam-se na perceção de maior expressão do afeto/apoio emocional; não se registram diferenças significativas ao nível do sexo no conflito comunicacional; membros de classes socioeconómicas altas e de contextos urbanos percepcionam melhor comunicação; e filhos de famílias pós-divórcio revelam partilhar mais os seus problemas com as mães do que filhos de agregados monoparentais. Conclusões: A influência de algumas variáveis sociodemográficas sobre a comunicação permite o desenho de intervenções clínicas concretas, sugerindo a necessidade de se prestar maior atenção a contextos particulares (classes rurais e socioeconómicas baixas). Estes resultados desmistificam a crença de que as famílias pós-divórcio têm mais dificuldades do que famílias nucleares intactas.
Parent-adolescent communication seems to depend largely of some socio-demographic characteristics. The main goal of this research is the analysis of parent-adolescent perception about their communication considering some socio-demographic variables: sex, residence, socioeconomic status, education and family composition. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used to analyze the perception of 336 parents and 268 children about the quality of communication using the Perception Scale of Parenting Communication.: It was revealed that: boys tend to share their problems mostly with fathers; mothers have better perception of communication; there weren't statistical differences on communicational conflict in the sex variable; members of high socioeconomic classes and urban contexts have better perception about communication; and adolescents of post-divorce families tend to share their problems mostly with mothers than adolescents of intact nuclear families. Considering the influence of some socio-demographic variables on parent-adolescent communication, it is possible design concrete clinical interventions. It suggests the need to pay attention to particular contexts (rural places and low socioeconomic classes). These results demystify the belief that post-divorce families have more difficulties than nuclear intact families.