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1.
Semin Liver Dis ; 44(1): 1-22, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38378025

RESUMO

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse reaction to medications and other xenobiotics that leads to liver dysfunction. Based on differential clinical patterns of injury, DILI is classified into hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed types; although hepatocellular DILI is associated with inflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis, cholestatic DILI is associated with bile plugs and bile duct paucity. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been empirically used as a supportive drug mainly in cholestatic DILI, but both curative and prophylactic beneficial effects have been observed for hepatocellular DILI as well, according to preliminary clinical studies. This could reflect the fact that UDCA has a plethora of beneficial effects potentially useful to treat the wide range of injuries with different etiologies and pathomechanisms occurring in both types of DILI, including anticholestatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antinecrotic, mitoprotective, endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviating, and immunomodulatory properties. In this review, a revision of the literature has been performed to evaluate the efficacy of UDCA across the whole DILI spectrum, and these findings were associated with the multiple mechanisms of UDCA hepatoprotection. This should help better rationalize and systematize the use of this versatile and safe hepatoprotector in each type of DILI scenarios.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Colestase , Hepatopatias , Humanos , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/uso terapêutico , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico/farmacologia , Colestase/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Necrose/tratamento farmacológico , Fígado
2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1573892

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el requerimiento de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) y traqueostomía (TQT) y reportar la tasa de mortalidad en niños con síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) ingresados a un hospital público pediátrico de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo y longitudinal. Se incluyeron niños de 1 a 13 años diagnosticados con SGB, que ingresaron al Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2019. Se registraron las variables demográficas y clínicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 39 niños, de los cuales 24 (61%) eran de sexo masculino. La mediana de edad era de 4 años, y 25 (64,1%) eran menores de 5 años. Dieciséis (41%) niños requirieron VMI, con una mediana de duración de 25 (RIQ 3-83) días. De los niños ventilados, 14 (87,5%) requirieron TQT. Todos los niños se desvincularon de la VMI, y 7 (50%) fueron dados de alta del hospital sin decanular. Se observó que el uso de la VMI fue similar entre el grupo de 1 a 5 años y el grupo de mayor edad. No se registraron fallecimientos. Conclusión: Se observó un requerimiento de VMI en menos del 50% de los niños; de estos, la mayoría requirió TQT. Todos los niños fueron desvinculados de la VMI, y la mitad de los niños traqueostomizados fueron dados de alta del hospital con TQT porque no estaban aptos para la decanulación. Todos los niños fueron dados de alta con vida de la institución.


ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and tracheostomy (TQT), and report the mortality rate in children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) admitted to a public pediatric hospital in the province of Buenos Aires. Materials and method: A descriptive, observational, retrospective, and longitudinal study was conducted. Children aged 1 to 13 years diagnosed with GBS, who were admitted to Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", between January 2010 and December 2019 were included. Demographic and clinical variables were registered. Results: Thirty-nine children were included, of whom 24 (61%) were male. The median age was 4 years, and 25 (64.1%) were under 5 years old. Sixteen (41%) required IMV, with a median duration of 25 (IQR 3-83) days. Of the ventilated children, 14 (43.7%) required a TQT. All children were successfully weaned from IMV, and 7 (50%) were discharged without decannulation. The use of IMV was similar between the group aged 1 to 5 years and the older age group. No deaths were recorded. Conclusion: The IMV requirement was observed in less than 50% of the children; of them, the majority underwent a TQT. All children were successfully weaned from IMV, and half of the tracheostomized children were discharged from hospital with a TQT because they were not suitable for decannulation. All children were discharged alive.

3.
Santiago de Chile; s.n; 2002. 106 p. tab, graf.
Tese em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-340152

RESUMO

Adherencia al tratamiento es un compromiso de colaboración activa del paciente. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los factores relacionados y que pueden afectar la adherencia en mujeres que han padecido un infarto. Material y Método: El estudio es de tipo retroprospectivo, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta telefónica a 60 pacientes ingresadas a la Unidad Coronaria del Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile durante dos años, investigando sobre características y aspectos que determinan la adherencia (toma del medicamento, dieta, ejercicio físico, fumar, consumir alcohol y asistencia a control médico). A cada ítem se asignó 2 y 0 puntos según grado de adherencia. Se definieron tres categorías de adherencia: buena, regular y mala. Se cruzaron estas categorías y las variables encuestadas para identificar cuales están relacionada. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa EpiInfo66, considerando p<0,05 significativo. Resultados: El 51.7 porciento (n=31) de las mujeres presenta buena adherencia, el 46.6 porciento (n=28) adherecnia regular y sólo el 1.6 porciento (n=1) mala adherencia


Assuntos
Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio , Cooperação do Paciente , Cuidados para Prolongar a Vida
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