RESUMO
Air pollution in Santiago is a serious problem every winter, causing thousands of cases of breathing problems within the population. With more than 6 million people and almost two million vehicles, this large city receives rainfall only during winters. Depending on the frequency of storms, statistics show that every time it rains, air quality improves for a couple of days, followed by extreme levels of air pollution. Current regulations focus mostly on PM10 and PM2.5, due to its strong influence on respiratory diseases. Though more than 50% of the ambient PM10s in Santiago is represented by soil particles, most of the efforts have been focused on the remaining 50%, i.e. particulate material originating from fossil and wood fuel combustion, among others. This document emphasizes the need for the creation of erosion/sediment control regulations in Chile, to decrease respiratory diseases on Chilean polluted cities.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Material Particulado/análise , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Cidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic in drinking water. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has concluded that ingested arsenic causes lung, bladder, and skin cancer. However, a similar conclusion was not made for kidney cancer because of a lack of research with individual data on exposure and dose-response. With its unusual geology, high exposures, and good information on past arsenic water concentrations, northern Chile is one of the best places in the world to investigate the carcinogenicity of arsenic. We performed a case-control study in 2007-2010 of 122 kidney cancer cases and 640 population-based controls with individual data on exposure and potential confounders. Cases included 76 renal cell, 24 transitional cell renal pelvis and ureter, and 22 other kidney cancers. For renal pelvis and ureter cancers, the adjusted odds ratios by average arsenic intakes of <400, 400-1,000, and >1,000 µg/day (median water concentrations of 60, 300, and 860 µg/L) were 1.00, 5.71 (95% confidence interval: 1.65, 19.82), and 11.09 (95% confidence interval: 3.60, 34.16) (Ptrend < 0.001), respectively. Odds ratios were not elevated for renal cell cancer. With these new findings, including evidence of dose-response, we believe there is now sufficient evidence in humans that drinking-water arsenic causes renal pelvis and ureter cancer.
Assuntos
Arsênio/toxicidade , Neoplasias Renais/induzido quimicamente , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Abastecimento de Água/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Arsênio/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chile/epidemiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluição Química da Água/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Expone que el infarto cerebral es una entidad patológica muy frecuente y que genera un gran número de sujetos discapacitados a nivel mundial. El presente es un estudio de caos en serie en el que se revisan el sexo, las manifestaciones clínicas, la patología de base, la ubicación de la lesión y la evolución de los 442 pacientes que egresaron del Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo con diagnóstico definitivo de Infarto Cerebral, durante el período comprendido desde el 1 de ene. 1991 hasta el 31 de dic. 1995. Se concluyó que el infarto cerebral es una patología frecuente, que en su mayoría es secundaria a hipertensión arterial y que genera un elevado índice de discapacidad.