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1.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; Arch. cardiol. Méx;94(2): 203-207, Apr.-Jun. 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556917

RESUMO

Abstract In the presence of the left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), the differential diagnosis with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or some phenocopy must be always considered, which can be easily suspected when the hypertrophy is markedly asymmetric. However, when the hypertrophy is homogeneous, especially if the patient has concomitant hypertension, it may be a challenge to distinguish between hypertensive and HCM, although some clinical features may help us to suspect it. In addition, patients with HCM may present with exertional angina due to microcirculation involvement in the setting of the hypertrophy itself or dynamic obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract, but in some cases, the presence of concomitant coronary artery disease must be suspected as the cause of angina, especially if the patient has an intermediate or high-risk probability of having ischemic heart disease. We present the case of a 46-year-old Afro-American man with poorly controlled hypertension who was found to have severe LVH, and who presented with symptoms of exertional angina during follow-up. We will review the clinical features that can help us in the differential diagnosis in this context.


Resumen Ante la presencia de hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo (HVI), siempre se debe considerar el diagnóstico diferencial con la miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) o alguna fenocopia, que puede sospecharse fácilmente cuando la hipertrofia es marcadamente asimétrica. Además, los pacientes con MCH pueden presentar angina de esfuerzo debido a la afectación de la microcirculación en el contexto de la propia hipertrofia o si ésta condiciona obstrucción dinámica al tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo, pero en algunos casos debe sospecharse la presencia de enfermedad coronaria concomitante como causa de la angina, especialmente si el paciente tiene una probabilidad de riesgo intermedio o alto de padecer cardiopatía isquémica. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 46 años de afroamericana con hipertensión arterial mal controlada a quien se le detectó una HVI severa, y que durante el seguimiento presentó síntomas de angina de esfuerzo. Revisaremos las características clínicas que nos pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico diferencial en este contexto.

2.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 94(2): 203-207, 2024 02 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38330445

RESUMO

In the presence of the left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), the differential diagnosis with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or some phenocopy must be always considered, which can be easily suspected when the hypertrophy is markedly asymmetric. However, when the hypertrophy is homogeneous, especially if the patient has concomitant hypertension, it may be a challenge to distinguish between hypertensive and HCM, although some clinical features may help us to suspect it. In addition, patients with HCM may present with exertional angina due to microcirculation involvement in the setting of the hypertrophy itself or dynamic obstruction in the left ventricular outflow tract, but in some cases, the presence of concomitant coronary artery disease must be suspected as the cause of angina, especially if the patient has an intermediate or high-risk probability of having ischemic heart disease. We present the case of a 46-year-old Afro-American man with poorly controlled hypertension who was found to have severe LVH, and who presented with symptoms of exertional angina during follow-up. We will review the clinical features that can help us in the differential diagnosis in this context.


Ante la presencia de hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo (HVI), siempre se debe considerar el diagnóstico diferencial con la miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) o alguna fenocopia, que puede sospecharse fácilmente cuando la hipertrofia es marcadamente asimétrica. Además, los pacientes con MCH pueden presentar angina de esfuerzo debido a la afectación de la microcirculación en el contexto de la propia hipertrofia o si ésta condiciona obstrucción dinámica al tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo, pero en algunos casos debe sospecharse la presencia de enfermedad coronaria concomitante como causa de la angina, especialmente si el paciente tiene una probabilidad de riesgo intermedio o alto de padecer cardiopatía isquémica. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 46 años de afroamericana con hipertensión arterial mal controlada a quien se le detectó una HVI severa, y que durante el seguimiento presentó síntomas de angina de esfuerzo. Revisaremos las características clínicas que nos pueden ayudar en el diagnóstico diferencial en este contexto.

3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;39(6): 719-724, dic. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431708

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: En los niños, la bacteriemia debida a Burkholderia cepacia, es considerada una complicación grave y conducente a una elevada mortalidad. Con el objetivo de conocer la mortalidad asociada a esa condición, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se aplicó una estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica con las palabras claves: "bacteriemia por B. cepacia", "humanos", "niños" y "adolescentes", como únicos filtros. Se informan la mediana y los valores intercuartílicos de la frecuencia de la mortalidad reportada por los estudios incluidos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 92 estudios potencialmente útiles. De ellos, se descartaron 81, incluyéndose finalmente, 11 estudios. Se trató de descripciones retrospectivas de casos, salvo uno de ellos, que respondió a un diseño analítico caso-control. La mediana de la mortalidad reportada por esta revisión, fue 0 (Q25 = 0 y Q75 = 28,57%). INTERPRETACIÓN: Si bien la evidencia disponible es escasa y de baja calidad, sugiere que el curso clínico de esta afección no siempre resulta en una elevada mortalidad.


BACKGROUND: Bacteremia due to Burkolderia cepacia in children is considered a severe complication and associated with high mortality incidence. In order to know the level of mortality associated with it, this systematic review of the literature was carried out. METHODS: A search strategy was carried out with the keywords: "bacteremia by B cepacia and human" and "children" and "adolescents" as filters. Global frequency of mortality reported by the included studies was calculated and informed as median (Q2) and its interquartile values (Q1 and Q3). RESULTS: The search identified 92 potentially useful studies. Of these, 81 were discarded, and then remained 11 studies to be included. One out of 11 studies is an analytic case-control design. Rest are retrospective case series. Related mortality median was 0 (Q25 = 0 and Q75 = 28,57%). CONCLUSION: Although the available evidence is scarce and of low quality, it suggests that clinical course of this condition does not always lead to high mortality rates.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Bacteriemia/mortalidade , Infecções por Burkholderia/mortalidade , Burkholderia cepacia
4.
Ther Adv Infect Dis ; 6: 2049936119886465, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32082568

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess whether daptomycin is safer and more efficacious than comparators for the treatment of serious infection caused by gram-positive microorganisms. METHODS: Electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinical registered trials) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy and safety of daptomycin versus therapy with any other antibiotic comparator. Two reviewers independently applied selection criteria, performed a quality assessment and extracted the data. Heterogeneity was assessed, and a random-effects or fixed-effects model, when appropriate, was used for estimates of risk ratio (RR). The primary outcome assessed was the risk of clinical treatment failure among the intention-to-treat population and the presence of any treatment related adverse event (AEs). RESULTS: A total of seven trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Daptomycin treatment failure rates were no different to comparator regimens (RR = 0.96; CI 95% 0.86-1.06). No significantly different treatment related AEs were identified when comparing groups (RR = 0.91; CI 95% 0.83-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in treatment failure rates and safety were found using daptomycin or any of the comparators treatment.

5.
Infect Dis (Lond) ; 50(7): 489-494, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29262742

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Voriconazole is a second-generation triazole. It has excellent bioavailability and broad antifungal spectrum; thus, it is an attractive option for patients at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Comparing efficacy and safety of voriconazole with other antifungals in prophylaxis or treatment of IFIs would be useful to draw conclusions regarding prevention and therapeutics of these infections. AIM: To assess efficacy and safety of voriconazole compared with other options as prophylaxis or treatment of IFIs in haematology-oncology patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE database using the search term 'voriconazole' and completed with manual search. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing voriconazole with other antifungal agents or placebo. DATA EXTRACTION: Seven studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Five studies compared voriconazole to another comparator as prophylaxis of IFIs and two as treatment. Pooled results showed that voriconazole was more effective than the comparator (RR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.01-1.34), but heterogeneity was significant (Q test 32.7; p = .00001). Sub-analysis according to prophylaxis showed RR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.00-1.37; while as treatment, RR = 1.23; 95%CI = 0.68-2.22. Risk of adverse events was not different from that observed for the comparator (RR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.66-1.72) though significant heterogeneity was detected (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Voriconazole was as effective and safe as comparators, probably better as prophylaxis than as treatment, but limitations due to variability in the sample size of studies, differences in the age of patients, and heterogeneity between studies' outcome measures indicate the need for further research.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/efeitos dos fármacos , Voriconazol/administração & dosagem , Voriconazol/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Humanos , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/prevenção & controle , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/prevenção & controle , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicações , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Voriconazol/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem
7.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 55(1): 40-46, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28092246

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neonatal Hearing Screening and Early Intervention (NHSEI) is a screening program to evaluate all infants and identify those with hearing impairment. The objective of this work was to determine the factors associated with hearing loss in NHSEI program. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study was performed. 234 infants were included in the NHSEI program, hearing was evaluated with transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOE) at frequencies of 1.5 to 4.5 kHz, and intensity of stimuli of 40-60 dB. The variables were: age from one to 28 days, sex, gestational age and perinatal history. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The presence of risk factors in newborns resulted in significant omnibus test (p < 0.05) predicted value by Nagelkerke R square model of 77%. The background inherited family acquired infection, craniofacial abnormalities, low birth weight, respiratory distress at birth and genetic syndromes were factors significantly associated (p < 0.05) to hearing loss in infants. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hearing impairment in infants diagnosed by newborn hearing program was higher (5/234 newborns) than the reported in the literature.


Introducción: el Tamiz Auditivo Neonatal e Intervención Temprana (TANIT) es un programa de cribado que consiste en evaluar a todos los neonatos para identificar discapacidades auditivas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los factores asociados a hipoacusia en neonatos, basados en el programa TANIT. Métodos: estudio analítico, transversal, en el que se incluyeron 234 neonatos en el programa TANIT. La audición se exploró evaluando las emisiones otoacústicas transitorias evocadas (EOAT) en frecuencias de 1.5 a 4.5 kHz, y los estímulos con intensidad de 40-60 dB. Las variables fueron: edad de uno a 28 días de nacido, sexo, edad gestacional y antecedentes perinatales. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la presencia de los factores de riesgo en los neonatos resultó significativa en la prueba de ómnibus (p < 0.05), valor de predicción por el modelo R cuadrado de Nagelkerke de 77%. Los antecedentes heredofamiliares, la infección adquirida, las anormalidades craneofaciales, el bajo peso, la dificultad respiratoria al nacer y los síndromes genéticos fueron factores que se asociaron de manera significativa (p < 0.05) a hipoacusia en neonatos. Conclusiones: la incidencia de deficiencia auditiva en recién nacidos diagnosticada mediante el programa de TANIT fue mayor a la reportada en la literatura (5/234 recién nacidos).


Assuntos
Intervenção Educacional Precoce , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Triagem Neonatal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Perda Auditiva/terapia , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 114(4): 305-312, ago. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-838238

RESUMO

Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en pediatría. La caspofungina es una equinocandina utilizada como alternativa en la prevención y/o tratamiento de ciertas infecciones fúngicas invasivas en niños, aunque con poca evidencia sobre su eficacia y seguridad en comparación con el tratamiento habitual. Objetivos. Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la caspofungina comparada con otros antifúngicos en la prevención y/o tratamiento de infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pediatría. Material y métodos. La estrategia de búsqueda inicial tuvo como objetivo identificar estudios controlados aleatorizados de aceptable calidad metodológica (escala de Jadad > 3) mediante la palabra clave "caspofungin" realizados en pacientes de entre los 0 y los 18 años. Resultados. Solo 3 publicaciones cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. De ellas, 2 fueron en población pediátrica y una en neonatal. No se documentó una mayor incidencia de efectos adversos para la caspofungina y su eficacia no se diferenció de otros antifúngicos (RR típico 1,47; IC 95%: 0,78-2,79). Conclusiones. Esta revisión sistemática sugiere que la caspofungina podría considerarse como una alternativa para su indicación en pediatría en la prevención y tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasivas. Sin embargo, dado el pequeño número de publicaciones existentes, se requieren más estudios para alcanzar conclusiones definitivas.


Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Caspofungin is an echinocandin used as an alternative treatment in the prevention and/or treatment of certain invasive fungal infections in children, although compared to the standard treatment there is little evidence on its efficacy and safety. Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of caspofungin compared with other antifungal drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of invasive fungal infections in children. Material and methods. The objective of the initial search strategy was to identify randomized controlled studies of acceptable methodological quality (Jadad scale >3), through the key word "caspofungin", conducted in patients with an age range from 0 to 18 years old. Results. Only 3 publications met the inclusion criteria. Two of them were studies conducted in children and one in newborn infants. A higher incidence of adverse events was not documented for caspofungin and its efficacy was not different from that of other antifungal drugs (typical RR 1.47; CI 95%: 0.78-2.79). Conclusions. This systematic review suggests that caspofungin could be considered as an alternative drug in children for the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, given the small number of existing publications, more studies are required to reach definite conclusions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Equinocandinas/uso terapêutico , Lipopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 114(4): 305-12, 2016 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27399007

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Caspofungin is an echinocandin used as an alternative treatment in the prevention and/or treatment of certain invasive fungal infections in children, although compared to the standard treatment there is little evidence on its efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of caspofungin compared with other antifungal drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of invasive fungal infections in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objective of the initial search strategy was to identify randomized controlled studies of acceptable methodological quality (Jadad scale >3), through the key word "caspofungin", conducted in patients with an age range from 0 to 18 years old. RESULTS: The objective of the initial search strategy was to identify randomized controlled studies of acceptable methodological quality (Jadad scale >3), through the key word "caspofungin", conducted in patients with an age range from 0 to 18 years old. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggests that caspofungin could be considered as an alternative drug in children for the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, given the small number of existing publications, more studies are required to reach definite conclusions.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en pediatría. La caspofungina es una equinocandina utilizada como alternativa en la prevención y/o tratamiento de ciertas infecciones fúngicas invasivas en niños, aunque con poca evidencia sobre su eficacia y seguridad en comparación con el tratamiento habitual. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la caspofungina comparada con otros antifúngicos en la prevención y/o tratamiento de infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pediatría. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La estrategia de búsqueda inicial tuvo como objetivo identificar estudios controlados aleatorizados de aceptable calidad metodológica (escala de Jadad 〉 3) mediante la palabra clave "caspofungin" realizados en pacientes de entre los 0 y los 18 años. RESULTADOS: Solo 3 publicaciones cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. De ellas, 2 fueron en población pediátrica y una en neonatal. No se documentó una mayor incidencia de efectos adversos para la caspofungina y su eficacia no se diferenció de otros antifúngicos (RR típico 1,47; IC 95%: 0,78-2,79). CONCLUSIONES: Esta revisión sistemática sugiere que la caspofungina podría considerarse como una alternativa para su indicación en pediatría en la prevención y tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasivas. Sin embargo, dado el pequeño número de publicaciones existentes, se requieren más estudios para alcanzar conclusiones definitivas.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Equinocandinas/uso terapêutico , Lipopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Caspofungina , Criança , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
J Pharm Technol ; 32(2): 81-87, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34860972

RESUMO

Objective. To evaluate the use of TMP-SMX compared with other options available for the treatment of children with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections. Data Sources. The following databases were searched: Medline and PreMedline (OivdSP interface); Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE; Elsevier interface); Cumulative Index to the Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; EbscoHost interface); Sciences Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED; Web of Science interface); Cochrane Library (Wiley interface); Scopus (Elsevier interface), and DARE, HTA (CRD interface). The search strategy was the one developed by SIGN to identify randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews. Also, we conducted a hand review of all reference lists of included studies. No language or data limits were added. The last search was done on October 1, 2015. Main key words were trimethoprim or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination and Staphylococcus aureus. Study Selection. Only randomized controlled trials comparing TMP-SMX versus any other antibiotic as the first-line treatment in CA-MRSA infections in children were included. Articles were reviewed by 2 reviewers, and in case of discrepancy, the final decision was made by the study coordinator. Data Extraction. Only 27 out of 364 articles identified were randomized controlled trials and only 4 fulfilled the eligibility criteria (Jadad score >3). Data Synthesis. Evidence found only referred to use of TMP-SMX in soft tissue infections. Heterogeneity among studies precluded meta-analysis. Conclusions. Available evidence is not conclusive to promote or refuse TMP-SMX as first-line treatment in CA-MRSA infections in children. Additional well-designed studies are required to fsurther elucidate this issue.

11.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 17(6): 121-128, nov.-dic. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-705636

RESUMO

Fundamento: la estratificación la origina las unidades agregadas denominadas estratos, donde estas unidades presentan similitudes y diferencias entre sí. En diferentes países, la estratificación de riesgo emerge como enfoque estratégico. Desde la década de los 90 se ha incorporado al esquema de estratificación el enfoque epidemiológico de riesgo como base para la toma de decisiones. Objetivo: ofrecer elementos para la planificación y aplicación sobre la estratificación epidemiológica del riesgo. Método: se realizó un análisis bibliográfico que incluyó la búsqueda de investigaciones propias del tema así como documentos rectores y conferencias publicados, utilizando la herramienta artículos relacionados, en las bases de datos Medline-Pubmed, con el término estratificación epidemiológica del riesgo. Resultados: la bibliografía revisada coincide en la necesidad de aplicar los conceptos de estratificación epidemiológica de riesgo en el estudio de eventos sanitarios para la toma de decisiones. Se brindan elementos para la planificación y aplicación de la misma. Conclusiones: la decisión final sobre cuál método emplear y qué variables utilizar, se presenta como un dilema para el investigador, pues cualquiera de ellos puede servir perfectamente para los fines propuestos. Una vez conformados los estratos según la metodología escogida, se estará en condiciones de diseñar las estrategias de intervención para cada uno de ellos.


Background: aggregate units called stratums originate stratification; these units present similarities and differences among them. In some countries, the stratification of the risk appears as a strategic approach. Since the 90's, the epidemiological approach of the risk as a basis for the taking of decisions has been incorporated to the stratification system. Objective: to offer elements for the planning and application based on the epidemiological stratification of the risk. Method: a bibliographical analysis was conducted including the search of investigations related to the theme and published guiding documents and conferences. The tool of related articles was used to search in the data bases Medline and PubMed. The term used was epidemiological stratification of the risk. Results: the revised bibliography coincides with the necessity of applying the concepts of epidemiological stratification of the risk in the study of public health events for the taking of decisions. Elements for its planning and application are offered. Conclusions: the final decision about which method and variables to use is presented as a dilemma for the researchers since any of them can be perfectly good for the proposed aims. Once the stratums are made according to the chosen methodology, the conditions to design the strategies of intervention for each of them will be ready.

12.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 17(6): 121-128, nov.-dic. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-705637

RESUMO

Fundamento: la vigilancia epidemiológica contribuye a diseñar estrategias para impedir la propagación de enfermedades y por otro planificar recursos que conlleven a elevar el estado de salud de la población. Esta ha sido y es una preocupación de directivos, estados y países. Conocer el nivel de salud, identificar sus desviaciones y desarrollar acciones en cada unidad es un objetivo estratégico para el sector. Objetivo: analizar la literatura científica sobre vigilancia epidemiológica en función de la aplicación de este concepto en la práctica de la salud pública en Cuba. Método: se realizó un análisis bibliográfico que incluyó la búsqueda en los idiomas inglés y español de investigaciones propias del tema, así como documentos rectores y conferencias, se utilizó como herramienta artículos relacionados en las bases de datos Medline-Pubmed, con el término de vigilancia epidemiológica, como objetivo de esta investigación, revisándose los textos completos de las publicaciones seleccionadas. Resultados: la bibliografía revisada coincide en la necesidad de aplicar los conceptos de la vigilancia epidemiológica en el estudio de eventos sanitarios para la toma de decisiones. Para que una organización sea eficiente debe tener adecuada vigilancia epidemiológica. Conclusiones: con esta revisión bibliográfica se pudo mostrar múltiples elementos teóricos que se pueden considerar para realizar la vigilancia epidemiológica, así como ayudar a la selección del alcance y objetivos del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica a implementar para el diseño de estrategias en el campo de la salud.


Background: epidemiological vigilance contributes to design strategies for preventing diseases and planning options that contribute to improve the health of the population. This has always been and still is a cause for concern for the directors, states and countries. Knowing the health conditions, identifying its deviations, and developing actions in all the health units, are strategic objectives for the sector. Objective: to analyse the scientific literature related to epidemiologic vigilance for the application of this concept in the practice of Public Health in Cuba. Method: a bibliographic review was made including the search of investigations related to the theme in English and in Spanish, as well as guiding documents and lectures. As a tool, articles listed in the data bases Medline-Pubmed were used. The used term was epidemiologic relevance. Results: the reviewed bibliography coincides with the need of applying the concepts of epidemiological vigilance in the study of public health events for the making of decisions. Conclusions: by means of this bibliographic review, multiple theoretical elements to take into account when making the epidemiological vigilance were shown. These theoretical elements can be taken into consideration for selecting the scope and the objectives of the system of epidemiological vigilance to be selected for the design of strategies in Public Health.

13.
Cir. gen ; 34(3): 199-205, jul.-sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-706881

RESUMO

Objetivo: Revisar la literatura para establecer lineamientos y recomendaciones para disminuir la amputación y muerte relacionadas con las infecciones del pie diabético. Sede: Centro de Prevención y Salvamento de Pie Diabético San Elian, Veracruz, Veracruz. Diseño: Revisión de la literatura. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura para la respuesta adecuada de los siguientes ejes de investigación: clasificación de la infección (cómo se determina la gravedad de la infección); importancia de clasificar (cómo se define una infección grave, qué puntaje tiene la osteomielitis en la gravedad de la infección), y tratamiento (momento óptimo, tratamiento no quirúrgico, uso de antibióticos, cultivos, manejo de osteomielitis y tiempo de tratamiento). Resultados: Las clasificaciones de PEDIS (Perfusión, extensión, profundidad, infección y sensibilidad), IDSA (Infectious Disease Society of America) y San Elian clasifican la gravedad de la infección en leve, moderada y grave. La desbridación quirúrgica de tejido infectado debe realizarse sin diferimiento en forma inicial y subsecuente tantas veces como sea necesario con ''destechamiento'' de trayectos fistulosos. En las infecciones de moderadas a graves se recomienda tratamiento empírico de amplia cobertura (Gram positivos, Gram negativos y anaerobios). El cultivo de la herida antes de iniciar o continuar el tratamiento empírico se hace en infecciones moderadas o graves y se ajusta con el resultado del cultivo si no mejora o empeora la infección. El Staphylococcus aureus se aísla en un 40 y 50 %, con resistencia a la meticilina en un 30 a 40 %. Los antibióticos de elección son la vancomicina, la tigeciclina o el linezolid. La osteomielitis es una infección moderada profunda, caracterizada por descarga purulenta, exposición del hueso, ''dedo en salchicha'', o prueba del estilete positivo. El diagnóstico definitivo se hace con biopsia o resonancia magnética nuclear. La hospitalización está indicada en casos graves en pacientes hemodinámicamente y metabólicamente inestables. Conclusiones: Las infecciones de pie diabético pueden ser de leves a graves y pueden culminar en amputación parcial del pie, de la extremidad o hasta causar la defunción del paciente. Se requiere de una atención sistemática e integral con base en la clasificación y puntaje de San Elian.


Objective: To review the literature to establish guidelines and recommendations to diminish amputation and deaths related to diabetic foot infections. Setting: Centro de Prevención y Salvamento de Pie Diabético San Elian, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico. Design: Review of the literature. Material and Methods: We performed a search in the literature to find an adequate answer to the following research questions: classification of the infection (how to determine the severity of the infection), relevance of classifying (how is a severe infection defined, what score can be given to osteomyelitis in the severity of the infection) and treatment (optimal time, non-surgical treatment, antibiotics use, handling of osteomyelitis, and time of treatment). Results: PEDIS (perfusion, extension, depth, infection, and sensitivity), IDSA (Infectious Disease Society of America) and San Elian classify the infection as mild, moderate and severe. Surgical debridement of the infected tissue must be performed without delay initially and subsequently as many times as required with ''unroofing'' of fistulous tracts. In moderate to severe infections an ample coverage (Gram positive and Gram negative and anaerobic bacteria) treatment is recommended. Culturing of the injury before or during empirical treatment is performed for moderate to severe infections and should be adjusted to the result of the culture if the infections does not improve or gets worse. Staphylococcus aureus is isolated 40 to 50%, with resistance to methicillin in 30 to 40%. Choice antibiotics are vancomycin, tigecycline and linezolid. Osteomyelitys is a deep moderate infection, characterized by purulent discharge, bone exposure, ''sausage toe'' or positive probe-to bone test. Definite diagnosis is reached with biopsy or magnetic nuclear resonance. Hospitalization is indicated in severe cases of hemodynamically and metabolically unstable patients. Conclusions: Diabetic foot infections can go from mild to severe and end in partial amputation of the feet, the extremity, or even cause death of the patient. Systematic and integral care based on the San Elian classification and score is required.

14.
Rev. méd. hered ; 23(1): 30-35, ene.-mar. 2012. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-620771

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir las características clínico patológicas del cáncer de cérvix uterino recurrente, sitio y tiempo de recurrencia, y sobrevida después de la recurrencia de acuerdo a las variables de pronóstico en pacientes con cirugía radical primaria. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos, realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas de Lima Perú entre 1990 y 2005. Se incluyeron todas las pacientes con cáncer de cérvix uterino estadios IB1 y IIA a quienes se les realizó cirugía radical primaria y que tuvieron recurrencia. Las curvas de sobrevida fueron construidas con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Se realizaron 609 histerectomías radicales tipo III, 53(8,7%) tuvieron recurrencia. La edad promedio al diagnóstico de la recurrencia fue 44,5 años, el tiempo medio desde la cirugía hasta la recurrencia 18,9 meses y el sitio de recurrencia más frecuente fue a distancia (41,5%) seguido por recurrencia central y pélvica. El sitio de recurrencia y los márgenes quirúrgicos tuvieron significancia estadística con respecto al tiempo de recurrencia. La terapia de salvataje más frecuente fue la radioterapia (45%). La sobrevida promedio después de la recurrencia fue 26,9 meses y la tasa de sobrevida a 5 años 9,4%. Conclusiones: El cáncer cervical recurrente es poco frecuente, afecta a mujeres jóvenes y el sitio de recurrencia más frecuente es metástasis a distancia. El tiempo de recurrencia es más corto cuando la recurrencia es central y los márgenes quirúrgicos están afectados. La sobrevida después de la recurrencia en cáncer cervical tratado con cirugía radical es baja.


Objective: To describe clinical and pathological features of recurrent uterine cervical cancer, including site and time to recurrence and survival after primary radical surgery. Methods: Descriptive, observational case series study conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas in Lima between 1990 and 2005. Patients with recurrent uterine cervical cancer stages IB1 and IIA who had been treated with primary surgical resection were included. Kaplan-Meir survival curves were constructed. Results: 609 radical hysterectomies type II were performed; 53 (8.7%) had a recurrence. Mean age at diagnosis of recurrence was 44.5 years; mean time from surgery to recurrence was 18.9 months, and the most common site for recurrence was distant recurrence (415%), followed by central recurrence and pelvic recurrence. Site of recurrence and surgical margins had statistical association with time to recurrence. The most frequent salvage therapy was radiotherapy (45%). Mean survival time after recurrence was 26.9 months, and survival rate at 5 years was 9.4%. Conclusions: Recurrent uterine cervical cancer is not frequent, its affects young females causing distant metastasis mainly. Time to recurrence is shorter when recurrence is central and surgical margins are involved. Survival time after recurrence in patients treated surgically is short.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Histerectomia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Relatos de Casos , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
15.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 15(4)oct. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-615947

RESUMO

El área de salud ambiental del Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de Camagüey constituye un importante sector que contribuye a garantizar la salud de la población en diferentes contextos. Objetivo: identificar del total de egresados de la especialidad cuantos de ellos fueron ubicados en el área de salud ambiental a partir de la integración de ambas disciplinas en la provincia y el país. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo se tuvieron en cuenta los 102 graduados de especialistas desde 1978, fecha de llegada de los primeros profesionales al Centro de Higiene procedente de Ciudad de La Habana, hasta al año 2009. La investigación se divide en dos etapas, una que abarca hasta 1989, fecha en que concluye la formación diferenciada de Higienistas y Epidemiólogos por separado y la otra a partir de esta última fecha en que se integran ambas especialidades en una sola figura académica y por la cual abogan los autores del artículo no obstante las dificultades encontradas en esta última etapa. Se exploran también las aspiraciones de los actuales residentes de la especialidad una vez graduados. Resultados: como principal hallazgo se encuentra que a partir del segundo período un solo profesional de 59 egresados es ubicado en al área de referencia, la prioridad a los servicios de atención primaria es muy pobre y la mayor parte de los actuales residentes desearían permanecer en el área de Epidemiología. Conclusiones: El actual proyecto se rediseñó de la formación académica de los residentes por parte del nivel central teniendo en cuenta los cinco perfiles básicos de salida, sin dejar de mantener la integración inicial, pudiera ser la solución adecuada al actual déficit de personal en el área de salud ambiental.


The environmental health area in the Provincial Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology from Camagüey is an important sector which contributes to ensuring the health of the population in different contexts. Objective: to identify from the total number of graduates in the specialty, how many of them were located in the environmental health area from the integration of both disciplines in our province and country. Method: a descriptive study was conducted taking into account the 102 graduates as specialists since 1978, date of arrival of the first professionals from the Hygiene Center to Havana, up to the year 2009. The research is divided into two stages, one covered until 1989, date in which concludes the differentiated training of hygienists and epidemiologists by separate and the other from the latter date where both specialties are integrated in a single academic figure which the authors of the article advocate, despite the difficulties encountered in this last stage. It explores the aspirations of the current residents of specialty once graduate. Results: as main finding was found from the second period just one professional of 59 graduates was located in the area of reference, the priority to primary health care services is very poor and most of the current residents would like to stay in the epidemiology area. Conclusions: the present project was redesign from the residents´ academic training on the part of the central level taking into account the five basic profiles of output, without maintaining the initial integration, could be the adequate answer to the current short-staffed in the environmental health area.


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Ambiental , Epidemiologia , Currículo
16.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 14(5)sep.-oct. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-584252

RESUMO

Introducción: el estudio de la eficiencia en unidades de salud contribuye a diseñar estrategias de distribución de gastos hacia alternativas que lleven a alcanzar mejores resultados con los escasos recursos disponibles. Esta es una preocupación de muchos directivos, estados y países. Conocer el nivel de eficiencia, identificar las de mejor práctica y puntualizar las áreas potenciales de mejora en cada unidad es un objetivo estratégico para el sector. Desarrollo: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de 36 diferentes autores, organizaciones y programas de trabajo sobre distintos enfoques de salud y economía. Sin excepción, toda la bibliografía revisada coincide en la necesidad de estudiar la eficiencia de los servicios sanitarios y entre otras técnicas se recomienda aplicar el análisis envolvente de datos en dichos estudios. Conclusiones: las nuevas tecnologías y tratamientos clínicos, junto a los cambios sociodemográficos, que provocan un aumento de la demanda sanitaria, están en el origen del incremento de los costos en el sector sanitario. De ahí que sea inevitable la preocupación por la asignación y gestión eficientes del gasto. En los últimos años se está produciendo en el sistema sanitario un proceso de modernización para conseguir incrementar la eficiencia del sector o eliminar la ausencia de lógica económica del comportamiento de estas organizaciones.


Introduction: the study of the efficiency in health units contributes to design strategies of expenses distribution toward alternatives that may reach better results with available scarce resources. This is a concern of many directors, states and countries. To know the efficiency level, to identify the ones of better practice and to remark the potential areas of improvement in each unit is a strategic objective for the sector. Development: a bibliographical review of 36 different authors, organizations and work programs about different approaches on health and economy was carried out. With no exception, the whole reviewed bibliography coincides in the necessity of studying the efficiency of sanitary services and among other techniques it is recommended to apply the encircling analysis of data in these studies. Conclusions: the new technologies and clinical treatments, together with the sociodemographic changes that cause an increase of the sanitary demand, are in the origin of costs increment in the sanitary sector. With the result that it is unavoidable the concern for the assignment and efficient administration of the expense. In the last years a modernization process is taking place in the sanitary system to be able to increase the efficiency of the sector or to eliminate the absence of economic logic of the behavior of these organizations.

17.
Rev Med Chil ; 135(5): 580-6, 2007 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17657326

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In developed countries, the prevalence of asthma in children has significantly increased in the last decades. However, there is no information about the trends of asthma in Latin America. AIM: To determine changes in asthma prevalence between 1994 and 2002 in Chilean schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prevalence of asthma symptoms in schoolchildren aged 7 (n =18.697) and 13 years (n =18.939), from South Santiago, Valdivia and Punta Arenas, obtained during phases I and III of the ISAAC, carried out in 1994 and 2002, was compared. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2002, the mean national prevalence of "wheezing in the last 12 months" in the group aged 6-7 years, changed from 18.2% to 17.9% (p =NS); "asthma ever" from 12.5% to 10.7% (p =NS), and "severe episode" from 3.2% to 2.8% (p =NS). There was a significant increase of the prevalence of "wheezing in the last 12 months", in children aged 13-14 years, from 9.8% to 15.5% (p =0.01); in "asthma ever" from 10.2% to 14.9% (p =0.01), and for "severe episode" from 2.8% to 3.8% (p =0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms related to asthma in children aged 13-14 years that was consistent in all the 3 participating centres of the ISAAC. However, the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children aged 6-7 years remained without significant changes between 1994 and 2002.


Assuntos
Asma/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Chile/epidemiologia , Humanos , Prevalência , Sons Respiratórios , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudantes , Fatores de Tempo , População Urbana
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 135(5): 580-586, mayo 2007. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-456674

RESUMO

Background: In developed countries, the prevalence of asthma in children has significantly increased in the last decades. However, there is no information about the trends of asthma in Latin America. Aim: To determine changes in asthma prevalence between 1994 and 2002 in Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: The prevalence of asthma symptoms in schoolchildren aged 7 (n =18.697) and 13 years (n =18.939), from South Santiago, Valdivia and Punta Arenas, obtained during phases I and III of the ISAAC, carried out in 1994 and 2002, was compared. Results: From 1994 to 2002, the mean national prevalence of "wheezing in the last 12 months" in the group aged 6-7years, changed from 18.2 percent to 17.9 percent (p =NS); "asthma ever" from 12.5 percent to 10.7 percent (p =NS), and "severe episode" from 3.2 percent to 2.8 percent (p =NS). There was a significant increase of the prevalence of "wheezing in the last 12 months", in children aged 13-14years, from 9.8 percent to 15.5 percent (p =0.01); in "asthma ever" from 10.2 percent to 14.9 percent (p =0.01), and for "severe episode" from 2.8 percent to 3.8 percent (p =0.01). Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms related to asthma in children aged 13-14 years that was consistent in all the 3 participating centres of the ISAAC. However, the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children aged 6-7 years remained without significant changes between 1994 and 2002.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Asma/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Sons Respiratórios , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudantes , Fatores de Tempo , População Urbana
20.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 5(2): 0-0, mar.-abr. 2001.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-838553

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para evaluar la incidencia del gasto por medicamentos en el costo de la atención hospitalaria durante los años 1998/1999 en el Hospital Interprovincial Docente Clínico Quirúrgico "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" de la ciudad de Camagüey. La fuente de obtención de datos fueron los registros de gastos por medicamentos, nivel de actividad y costos hospitalarios del departamento de contabilidad de la unidad, los que constituyeron la fuente secundaria de obtención de la información. Las variables estudiadas fueron: nivel de actividad, gasto por medicamentos y costo. Los resultados obtenidos fueron presentados en cuadros estadísticos. El nivel de actividad reportado durante el año 1998 fue 227 674 días-pacientes, el gasto por medicamentos fue de $2 328 272 y el costo fue de 107.77 pesos. En el año 1999 el nivel de actividad reportado fue de 163 612 y el gasto por medicamentos ascendió a $2 667 135 determinándose un costo de 177.21 pesos.


Pharmacoeconomy is a relatively new term which refers to the application of the economic theory to pharmacotherapy. We carried out a descriptive study for evaluating the incidence of expenses for medicaments in the cost of hospital care during 1998/1999 in "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" Surgical teaching hospital of Camagüey city. The source for obtaining data were Expenses Registers for Medicaments, level of activity and hospital costs for the accounting sourceof information. The studied variables were: level of activity , expenses for each medicament and cost. Data obtained were processed and presented through statistics charts. The level of activity reported during 1998 was 227 674 days/ patients, expense for medicaments was of 238 272 and cost was of 107.77 pesos; in the year 1999 the level of activity reported was of 163 612 and the expense for medicaments rose to 2 667 135 determining a cost of 177. 21 pesos.

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