RESUMO

Given the importance of the financial markets in the global context, data analysis and new statistical approach are always welcome, especially if we are referring to G-20 group (the world's richest countries). As we know, the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the global economy, and its impact seems to be inevitable (as it was in 2020). From the perspective of what was raised above, this paper aims to analyze the stock market efficiency in 21 indexes of G-20. We are going to do our analysis with intraday scale (of hour), from May 2019 to May 2020. In order to be successful in this analysis, we applied the DFA and the DCCA methods, to identify or not two points:i)Are G-20 stock market efficient in their weak form?ii)With open/close values, it is possible to identify some type of memory in G-20 group? The answer to these points will be given throughout this paper. For this purpose, the entire analysis will be divided into two different time-scale: Period I, time-scale less than five days and Period II, with time-scale greater than ten days. In the pandemic times of COVID-19, our results show that taking into account the DFA method, for time-scale shorter than 5 days, the stock markets tend to be efficient, whereas for time-scale longer than 10 days, the stock market tend to be inefficient. But, with DCCA method for cross-correlation analysis, the results for open/close indexes show different types of behaviors for each stock market index separately.

RESUMO

O conhecimento terapêutico acumulado por populações rurais através de séculos de estreito contato com o meio possibilita a obtenção de informações acerca do uso dos recursos naturais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um inventário das plantas medicinais cultivadas em quintais do município de Demerval Lobão, Piauí, bem como, conhecer o emprego e a importância dessas espécies na comunidade. Foram amostrados 21 quintais em nove comunidades da zona rural do município de Demerval Lobão com vegetação de cerrado. O trabalho foi conduzido com os mantenedores dos quintais a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação direta, associada à técnica de turnê-guiada. As plantas medicinais coletadas foram catalogadas, identificadas, e depositadas no Herbário Graziela Barroso (TEPB) da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). Foram referidas 100 espécies botânicas, predominantemente herbáceas e cultivadas, distribuídas em 49 famílias, sendo Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae e Lamiaceae as mais representativas em número de espécies. Na preparação dos remédios, as folhas foram as mais utilizadas, sendo a decocção a principal forma de preparo. As doenças mais frequentes tratadas por remédios caseiros referem-se ao sistema respiratório e digestivo. Observou-se que não há rigidez quanto à posologia e a duração do tratamento, ficando este a critério do hábito de cada pessoa entrevistada. As plantas que apresentaram índice de importância relativa e concordância de uso (CUP) acima de 60% foram cansansão (Cnidosculus urens), boldo (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews), jurema-preta (Mimosa verrucosa Benth) e cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson). P. barbatus foi a mais citada e também a que apresentou os índices mais altos de CUP (100%), fator de correção - FC (1,00) e concordância de uso corrigido - CUPc (100%) para dores no estômago e problemas no fígado. Observou-se a necessidade de resgatar o conhecimento acerca das plantas medicinais para contribuir na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos moradores da zona rural, como primeiro passo para a valorização e adequação dos recursos da medicina popular para o tratamento de doenças mais frequentes.

Therapeutic knowledge accumulated by rural populations, through centuries of direct contact with the environment, makes possible the gathering of information concerning use of natural resources. The aim of the present study was to carry out an inventory of the medicinal plants cultivated in homegardens of Demerval Lobão Municipality, Piauí State, Brazil, as well as to learn their uses and importance in the community. A total of 21 homegardens in nine communities of the rural area of Demerval Lobão Municipality with Cerrado vegetation were sampled. The study was conducted by means of semi-structured interviews and direct observation, associated with the technique of a tour guided by the keepers of the homegardens. The collected medicinal plants were cataloged, identified and deposited in the Herbarium Graziela Barroso (TEPB) of Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Of 100 botanical species, predominantly herbaceous and cultivated species distributed in 49 families, were cited, and the most representative families in number of species were Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae and Lamiaceae. For the preparation of medicines, leaves were most used and decoction was the main form of preparation. The most frequent diseases treated by homemade remedies are associated with the respiratory and digestive systems. There is no rigidity as to dosage and duration of treatment; it depended on the habit of each interviewed person. The plants that presented an index of relative importance and use agreement above 60% were the following: "cansansão" (Cnidosculus urens), "boldo" (Plectranthus barbatus Andrews), black-jurema (Mimosa verrucosa Benth) and "cidreira" (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson). P. barbatus was most cited and also the species that presented the highest indices of CUP (100%), FC (1,00) and CUPc (100%) for stomach pains and liver problems. There is the need of rescuing knowledge concerning medicinal plants to contribute to the improvement of the life quality of the inhabitants of the rural area, as a first step for the appreciation and adaptation of resources of folk medicine for the treatment of the most frequent diseases.

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RESUMO

In 1983 a new funding program--PADCT ("Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico")--was created in Brazil to stimulate the development of research projects related to what was established as technological priorities. In this paper 3 features of the Biotechnology/Health subprogram of PADCT were studied: a) to what extent productivity of the leaders of the research projects affected the way they were evaluated by the award panel, b) the conflict of interests that might result from the composition of the award panel, and c) the final impact of the program on science and technology. In our sample of 210 submitted projects, 62 were funded. The data suggest that the selection of projects did not ensure a better funding for the more productive research leaders. The presence on the award panel of at least one member from the same institution of a given project increased the chance of its approval but, after approval, it had no influence on the amount of funds granted. In a subsample of 21 scientists, support to 24 projects did not increase the productivity level and 4 products in a preliminary phase of development were reported. The issue of trying to solve problems in areas where there is no established scientific competence is discussed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In 1983 a new funding program - PADACT ("Program de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico") - was created in Brazil to stimulate the development of research projects related to what was established as technological priorities. In this paper 3 features of the Biotechnology/Health subprogram of PADCT were studied: a) to what extent productivity of the leaders of the research projects affected the way they were evaluated by the award panel, b) the conflict of interest that might result from the composition of the award panel, and c) the final impact of the program on science and technology. In our sample of 210 submitted projects, 62 were funded. The data suggest that the selection of projects did not ensure a better funding for the more productive research leaders. The presence on the award panel of at least one member from the same institution of a given project increased the chance of its approval but, after approval, it had no influence on the amount of funds granted. In a subsample of 21 scientists, support to 24 projects did not increase the productivity level and 4 products in a preliminary phase of development were reported. The issue of trying to solve problems in areas where there is no established scientific competence is discussed

Assuntos