RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior of sheep fed with different species of forage cacti. Fifteen sheep (17.27kg ± 1 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were diets on a dry matter basis composed of 430.9 g kg-1of thornless Mandacaru cactus (Cereus hildmannianus), 525.7 g kg-1of cactus pear cv. Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta) and 492.1 g kg-1of cactus pear cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera) in addition to Sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia) (194.7 to 233.8 g kg-1), plus concentrate feed. The intake of the dry matter,organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, total digestible nutrientsand voluntary water intake in g day-1was not differ (p > 0.05) by experimental diets. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients of the dry matter,organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrientsbetween the experimental diets. The feeding times differed (p < 0.05) between diets, with a higher value for the Opuntiadiet, while the rumination times, feeding efficiency, and rumination efficiency did not differ (p > 0.05). The cactus Cereusand Opuntiaand Nopaleahave similar nutritional value in sheep's diet.(AU)

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This study aimed to assess the nutrient intake and milk production of dairy goats fed with total mixed rations with different species of forage cacti. Five pluriparous Saanen goats (50 ± 4 kg) at nine weeks of lactation were allocated in a Latin square (5 x 5) with five diets and five periods. Each period was composed of 10 days for adaptation and seven days for collection. The treatments were composed of 473.0 to 501.0 g kg-1 of forage cacti: xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei), mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru), facheiro (Pilosocereus chrysostele), cactus cladodes cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and cactus cladodes cv. orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta); plus sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) (188.0 to 198.0 g kg-1) and concentrate (311.0 to 329.0 g kg-1). The intake of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, and water intake through diet components were unaffected by experimental diets. For milk production and feed efficiency, no difference was observed among the diets. All diets containing different species of forage cacti can be used for dairy goats feed.

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RESUMO

This study aimed to assess the nutrient intake and milk production of dairy goats fed with total mixed rations with different species of forage cacti. Five pluriparous Saanen goats (50 ± 4 kg) at nine weeks of lactation were allocated in a Latin square (5 x 5) with five diets and five periods. Each period was composed of 10 days for adaptation and seven days for collection. The treatments were composed of 473.0 to 501.0 g kg-1 of forage cacti: xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei), mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru), facheiro (Pilosocereus chrysostele), cactus cladodes cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and cactus cladodes cv. orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta); plus sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) (188.0 to 198.0 g kg-1) and concentrate (311.0 to 329.0 g kg-1). The intake of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, and water intake through diet components were unaffected by experimental diets. For milk production and feed efficiency, no difference was observed among the diets. All diets containing different species of forage cacti can be used for dairy goats feed.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to explore the substitution of ractopamine by coconut or safflower oil in finishing pig diets. The study included 24 crossbred barrows weighing 78.00 ± 8.76 kg distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates composed of: basal ration (BR), BR + 10 ppm ractopamine, BR + four 1 g capsules of safflower oil, and BR + four 1 g capsules of coconut oil. Performance evaluation showed that safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil supplementation had a significant effect (P 0.05) on weight gain and feed conversion. Carcass-related variables were also affected by the treatments (P 0.05), with fat thickness 3 (FT3) reduced by the use of safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil. Rib eye area was positively affected (P 0.05) by diet, with ractopamine, coconut oil, and safflower oil supplementation treatments showing higher values than control diet treatment. The diets also affected fatty acid profiles (P 0.05), with decreased myristic acid content in animals supplemented with ractopamine and safflower oil and increased deposition of palmitoleic and oleic acids in animals supplemented with coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively. Results suggested that both safflower oil and coconut oil can be used as substitutes for ractopamine.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição da suplementação da ractopamina pelo uso dos óleos de coco ou cártamo nas dietas de suínos em terminação. Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos castrados mestiços com peso médio de 78,00±8,76 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento de blocos casualizados, contendo quatro tratamentos e seis repetições compostos por: Ração Basal (RB); RB + 10 ppm de ractopamina; RB + 4 cápsulas de 1 grama cada de óleo de cártamo e RB + 4 cápsulas de 1 grama cada de óleo de coco. Na avaliação do desempenho foi observado o efeito (P 0,05) da suplementação das dietas com óleo de cártamo, ractopamina e coco no ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. As variáveis relacionadas com as carcaças também foram afetadas pelos tratamentos (P 0,05), sendo a espessura de toucinho 3 (ET3) reduzida pelo uso do óleo de cártamo, ractopamina e coco. Na avaliação da área de olho de lombo foram observados efeitos positivos (P 0,05), com maiores valores para os tratamentos suplementados com ractopamina, óleo de coco e com óleo de cártamo, quando comparados com a dieta controle. As dietas também afetaram o perfil dos ácidos graxos (P 0,05) de forma positiva, com a redução do ácido míristico do toucinho nas dietas com ractopamina e óleo de cártamo e aumento na deposição dos ácidos graxos palmitoleico e oleico do lombo nas dietas suplementadas com óleo de coco e cártamo, respectivamente. Conclui-se que tanto o óleo de coco quanto o de cártamo podem ser utilizados como substitutos da ractopamina.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to explore the substitution of ractopamine by coconut or safflower oil in finishing pig diets. The study included 24 crossbred barrows weighing 78.00 ± 8.76 kg distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates composed of: basal ration (BR), BR + 10 ppm ractopamine, BR + four 1 g capsules of safflower oil, and BR + four 1 g capsules of coconut oil. Performance evaluation showed that safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil supplementation had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on weight gain and feed conversion. Carcass-related variables were also affected by the treatments (P < 0.05), with fat thickness 3 (FT3) reduced by the use of safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil. Rib eye area was positively affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with ractopamine, coconut oil, and safflower oil supplementation treatments showing higher values than control diet treatment. The diets also affected fatty acid profiles (P < 0.05), with decreased myristic acid content in animals supplemented with ractopamine and safflower oil and increased deposition of palmitoleic and oleic acids in animals supplemented with coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively. Results suggested that both safflower oil and coconut oil can be used as substitutes for ractopamine.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição da suplementação da ractopamina pelo uso dos óleos de coco ou cártamo nas dietas de suínos em terminação. Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos castrados mestiços com peso médio de 78,00±8,76 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento de blocos casualizados, contendo quatro tratamentos e seis repetições compostos por: Ração Basal (RB); RB + 10 ppm de ractopamina; RB + 4 cápsulas de 1 grama cada de óleo de cártamo e RB + 4 cápsulas de 1 grama cada de óleo de coco. Na avaliação do desempenho foi observado o efeito (P<0,05) da suplementação das dietas com óleo de cártamo, ractopamina e coco no ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. As variáveis relacionadas com as carcaças também foram afetadas pelos tratamentos (P<0,05), sendo a espessura de toucinho 3 (ET3) reduzida pelo uso do óleo de cártamo, ractopamina e coco. Na avaliação da área de olho de lombo foram observados efeitos positivos (P<0,05), com maiores valores para os tratamentos suplementados com ractopamina, óleo de coco e com óleo de cártamo, quando comparados com a dieta controle. As dietas também afetaram o perfil dos ácidos graxos (P<0,05) de forma positiva, com a redução do ácido míristico do toucinho nas dietas com ractopamina e óleo de cártamo e aumento na deposição dos ácidos graxos palmitoleico e oleico do lombo nas dietas suplementadas com óleo de coco e cártamo, respectivamente. Conclui-se que tanto o óleo de coco quanto o de cártamo podem ser utilizados como substitutos da ractopamina.

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar a estrutura e a produção de forragem em híbridos de capim-elefante manejados sob corte. Utilizaram-se como tratamentos 24 clones de capim-elefante provenientes da Embrapa Gado de Leite e o Cameroom como testemunha. Os capins foram cortados rentes ao solo, a cada 60 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção e teor de matéria seca, número de perfilhos basais, número de folhas por perfilho, altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo. A maior altura das plantas foi observada no clone CNPGL 00-103-1. O grupo com maior número de perfilhos teve três clones e média de 39,38 perfilhos m-2. No grupo dos clones CNPGL 00-103-1, CNPGL 93-25-3, CNPGL 00-16-1 e CNPGL 00-90-3 foram observados os maiores teores de matéria seca (22,7% de MS). As maiores massas de forragem, de lâmina foliar e de colmo foram observadas no clone CNPGL 00-214, 15852 e 6195 kg ha-1 de MS respectivamente. A maior relação lâmina foliar/colmo foi do clone CNPGL 00-201-1 e apenas neste a massa de lâmina foliar foi superior à de colmo. O clone CNPGL 00-214 mostrou-se mais produtivo, com alta capacidade de perfilhamento e de acúmulo de forragem.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure and forage production of hybrids of elephant-grass managed under cut. Twenty-four clones of elephant-grass from Embrapa dairy cattle were used as treatments, and Cameroom as a control. The grasses were cut close to the ground, every 60 days. The parameters evaluated were yield and dry matter content, number of basal tillers, number of leaves per tiller, plant height, stem diameter. The highest height of the plants was observed in clone CNPGL 00-103-1. The group with the highest number of tillers had three clones and a mean of 39.38 tiller m-2. In the group of clones CNPGL 00-103-1, CNPGL 93-25-3, CNPGL 00-16-1 and CNPGL 00-90-3 the highest dry matter contents (22.7% DM) were observed. The highest masses of forage, leaf blade and stem were observed in clone CNPGL 00-214, 15852 and 6195 kg ha-1 DM, respectively. The highest leaf blade / stem ratio was of the CNPGL 00-201-1 clone, and only in this did the leaf blade mass exceed that of the stem. Clone CNPGL 00-214 showed to be more productive, with high tillering capacity and forage accumulation.(AU)

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Cotton crops generate millions of tons of lignocellulosic waste in Brazil that could be used in energy generation; however, the main destination of this raw material is soil incorporation. The aim of this work was to perform an energetic characterization and evaluation of briquettes produced from different agricultural waste of naturally colored cotton for power generation. The cultivars Brasil Sementes (BRS) Jade and Topazio were studied, with white cotton (BRS 286) as standard for comparison purposes. Two different parts of each species, stalk and cotton shell, were analyzed by bulk density, proximate analysis, higher heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, fat and lignin content, thermogravimetric analysis, and briquette mechanical strength. The results of the energetic characterization indicated a higher energetic potential of the colored species when compared with the white cotton, especially because of the volatile matter content, fixed carbon, and higher heating value. The briquette mechanical strength was higher in the samples formulated by a mixture of stalk and shell. Finally, it was concluded that the waste from colored cotton cultivars, Jade and Topazio, is capable to generate briquettes with good mechanical and physico-chemical characteristics, especially those formed by the mixture of stalk and shell.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar a estrutura e a produção de forragem em híbridos de capim-elefante manejados sob corte. Utilizaram-se como tratamentos 24 clones de capim-elefante provenientes da Embrapa Gado de Leite e o Cameroom como testemunha. Os capins foram cortados rentes ao solo, a cada 60 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção e teor de matéria seca, número de perfilhos basais, número de folhas por perfilho, altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo. A maior altura das plantas foi observada no clone CNPGL 00-103-1. O grupo com maior número de perfilhos teve três clones e média de 39,38 perfilhos m-2. No grupo dos clones CNPGL 00-103-1, CNPGL 93-25-3, CNPGL 00-16-1 e CNPGL 00-90-3 foram observados os maiores teores de matéria seca (22,7% de MS). As maiores massas de forragem, de lâmina foliar e de colmo foram observadas no clone CNPGL 00-214, 15852 e 6195 kg ha-1 de MS respectivamente. A maior relação lâmina foliar/colmo foi do clone CNPGL 00-201-1 e apenas neste a massa de lâmina foliar foi superior à de colmo. O clone CNPGL 00-214 mostrou-se mais produtivo, com alta capacidade de perfilhamento e de acúmulo de forragem.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the structure and forage production of hybrids of elephant-grass managed under cut. Twenty-four clones of elephant-grass from Embrapa dairy cattle were used as treatments, and Cameroom as a control. The grasses were cut close to the ground, every 60 days. The parameters evaluated were yield and dry matter content, number of basal tillers, number of leaves per tiller, plant height, stem diameter. The highest height of the plants was observed in clone CNPGL 00-103-1. The group with the highest number of tillers had three clones and a mean of 39.38 tiller m-2. In the group of clones CNPGL 00-103-1, CNPGL 93-25-3, CNPGL 00-16-1 and CNPGL 00-90-3 the highest dry matter contents (22.7% DM) were observed. The highest masses of forage, leaf blade and stem were observed in clone CNPGL 00-214, 15852 and 6195 kg ha-1 DM, respectively. The highest leaf blade / stem ratio was of the CNPGL 00-201-1 clone, and only in this did the leaf blade mass exceed that of the stem. Clone CNPGL 00-214 showed to be more productive, with high tillering capacity and forage accumulation.

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RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the physico-chemical composition, somatic cell count and electrical conductivity of the milk from lactating Zebu cows. For this, monthly milk samples were collected on the official milk control day intended for analysis of electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), somatic cell count (SCC) and milk composition. We used monthly data from 680 controls, from 10 Gyr and 17 Guzerat cows from a herd located in the city of São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN, from August to November 2013. Analyses of variance, mean test and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted. The levels of fat (% F), protein (% P), lactose (% L), total solids (% TS) and non-fat dry extract (% NFDE) were dependent variables for the ECM and SCC. The milk of Gyr cows for ECM, SCC, GOR, PROT, LACT, TS and NFDE were respectively, 3.88±1.18 mS/cm, 1629±2195 thousands cells/mL, 4.71±1.77%, 3.29±0.31%, 4.5±0.33%, 13.5±1.78%, 8.79±0.37%, and for the Guzerat breed 3.59±0.88 mS/cm 1356±1793 thousands cells/mL, 4.47±0.98%, 3.43±0.32%, 4.52±0.24%, 13.5±1.19%, 9.02±0.48%. No significant correlations between SCC and ECM characteristics were observed. However, when the correlation of each of these parameters and milk composition in different classes for each breed was analyzed, a significant correlation of the SCC was observed with the protein and lactose in Gyr, of the ECM with the lactose and SCC with total solids and fat for the Guzerat cows.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar a composição físico-química, contagem de células somáticas e condutividade elétrica do leite de fêmeas zebuínas. Para isto, foram coletadas amostras mensais de leite no dia do controle leiteiro oficial, sendo elas destinadas às análises de Condutividade Elétrica do Leite (CEL), contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e composição do leite. Foram utilizados 680 dados de controles mensais, provenientes de 10 vacas da raça Gir e 17 da raça Guzerá, pertencentes a um rebanho localizado na cidade de São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN, no período de agosto a novembro de 2013. Realizou-se análise de variância, teste de média e análise de correlação de Pearson. Como variáveis dependentes a CEL e CCS, estavam os teores de gordura (%G), proteína (%P), lactose (%L), sólidos totais (%ST) e extrato seco desengordurado (%ESD). Ao serem analisadas médias da raça Gir para CEL, CCS, GOR, PROT, LACT, ST e ESD foram, respectivamente, 3,88±1,18 mS/cm, 1629±2195 mil cels./mL, 4,71±1,77%, 3,29±0,31%, 4,5±0,33%, 13,5±1,78%, 8,79±0,37%, e para a raça Guzerá, 3,59±0,88 mS/cm 1356±1793 mil cels./mL, 4,47±0,98%, 3,43±0,32%, 4,52±0,24%, 13,49±1,19%, 9,02±0,48%. Não foram verificadas correlações significativas entre as características CCS e CEL. Porém, quando feito a correlação de cada um destes parâmetros com a composição do leite em diferentes classes para cada raça, foi observado, correlação significativa da CCS com a proteína e lactose na raça Gir, da CEL com a lactose e CCS com gordura e sólidos totais para os animais da raça Guzerá.(AU)

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RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the physico-chemical composition, somatic cell count and electrical conductivity of the milk from lactating Zebu cows. For this, monthly milk samples were collected on the official milk control day intended for analysis of electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), somatic cell count (SCC) and milk composition. We used monthly data from 680 controls, from 10 Gyr and 17 Guzerat cows from a herd located in the city of São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN, from August to November 2013. Analyses of variance, mean test and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted. The levels of fat (% F), protein (% P), lactose (% L), total solids (% TS) and non-fat dry extract (% NFDE) were dependent variables for the ECM and SCC. The milk of Gyr cows for ECM, SCC, GOR, PROT, LACT, TS and NFDE were respectively, 3.88±1.18 mS/cm, 1629±2195 thousands cells/mL, 4.71±1.77%, 3.29±0.31%, 4.5±0.33%, 13.5±1.78%, 8.79±0.37%, and for the Guzerat breed 3.59±0.88 mS/cm 1356±1793 thousands cells/mL, 4.47±0.98%, 3.43±0.32%, 4.52±0.24%, 13.5±1.19%, 9.02±0.48%. No significant correlations between SCC and ECM characteristics were observed. However, when the correlation of each of these parameters and milk composition in different classes for each breed was analyzed, a significant correlation of the SCC was observed with the protein and lactose in Gyr, of the ECM with the lactose and SCC with total solids and fat for the Guzerat cows.

O objetivo foi avaliar a composição físico-química, contagem de células somáticas e condutividade elétrica do leite de fêmeas zebuínas. Para isto, foram coletadas amostras mensais de leite no dia do controle leiteiro oficial, sendo elas destinadas às análises de Condutividade Elétrica do Leite (CEL), contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e composição do leite. Foram utilizados 680 dados de controles mensais, provenientes de 10 vacas da raça Gir e 17 da raça Guzerá, pertencentes a um rebanho localizado na cidade de São Gonçalo do Amarante/RN, no período de agosto a novembro de 2013. Realizou-se análise de variância, teste de média e análise de correlação de Pearson. Como variáveis dependentes a CEL e CCS, estavam os teores de gordura (%G), proteína (%P), lactose (%L), sólidos totais (%ST) e extrato seco desengordurado (%ESD). Ao serem analisadas médias da raça Gir para CEL, CCS, GOR, PROT, LACT, ST e ESD foram, respectivamente, 3,88±1,18 mS/cm, 1629±2195 mil cels./mL, 4,71±1,77%, 3,29±0,31%, 4,5±0,33%, 13,5±1,78%, 8,79±0,37%, e para a raça Guzerá, 3,59±0,88 mS/cm 1356±1793 mil cels./mL, 4,47±0,98%, 3,43±0,32%, 4,52±0,24%, 13,49±1,19%, 9,02±0,48%. Não foram verificadas correlações significativas entre as características CCS e CEL. Porém, quando feito a correlação de cada um destes parâmetros com a composição do leite em diferentes classes para cada raça, foi observado, correlação significativa da CCS com a proteína e lactose na raça Gir, da CEL com a lactose e CCS com gordura e sólidos totais para os animais da raça Guzerá.

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RESUMO

Research was conducted in eight commercial herds located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Properties were classified according to the production system, the seasons were divided into four and the genetic groups into six. Milk samples from morning milking were collected monthly, directly from a cooling tank. Protein, fat, lactose, total solids, casein, urea nitrogen concentrations/levels, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) were determined. For milk composition, the detected results were satisfactory and met the requirements of Normative Ruling 62, but the averages for SCC and TBC were above the recommended limit. All variables, with the exception of casein from total protein were influenced (P 0.05) by the production system used in the production unit. A lower fat content was recorded in 2010 compared to 2011. For the seasons, all the constituents of milk had lower values in drier season (seasons 3 and 4), with the exception of casein; SCC and TBC had higher values in periods 1 and 2, which are considered rainy periods. There was variation in the chemical composition of milk according to the genotypes. Milk chemical composition met the legal and market requirements, with a positive emphasis on specialized production systems. The variations over the year and according to the genetic group of the herd are also significant and should be taken...(AU)

A pesquisa foi conduzida em oito rebanhos comerciais situados no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As propriedades foram classificadas quanto ao sistema de produção, as estações do ano foram divididas em quatro e os grupamentos genéticos em seis. Foram coletadas, mensalmente, diretamente do tanque de resfriamento, amostras de leite na ordenha da manhã. Foram determinados os teores de proteína, gordura, lactose, sólidos totais, caseína, as concentrações de nitrogênio ureico, a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem bacteriana total (CBT). Para a composição do leite, os resultados detectados foram satisfatórios e atenderam às exigências previstas na Instrução Normativa 62, mas as médias obtidas para CCS e CBT estão acima do limite recomendado. Todas as variáveis analisadas, com exceção da caseína da proteína total, foram influenciadas (P 0,05) pelo sistema de produção utilizado na unidade produtiva. Verificou- se menor teor de gordura em 2010, quando comparado a 2011. Para as estações do ano, com exceção da caseína, todos os constituintes do leite apresentaram menores valores na época mais seca (estações 3 e 4), já a CCS e CBT apresentaram maiores valores nas épocas 1 e 2, que são considerados períodos de chuva. Verificou-se variação na composição química do leite de acordo com os genótipos estudados. A composição química do leite atende às exigências legais e...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Research was conducted in eight commercial herds located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Properties were classified according to the production system, the seasons were divided into four and the genetic groups into six. Milk samples from morning milking were collected monthly, directly from a cooling tank. Protein, fat, lactose, total solids, casein, urea nitrogen concentrations/levels, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) were determined. For milk composition, the detected results were satisfactory and met the requirements of Normative Ruling 62, but the averages for SCC and TBC were above the recommended limit. All variables, with the exception of casein from total protein were influenced (P 0.05) by the production system used in the production unit. A lower fat content was recorded in 2010 compared to 2011. For the seasons, all the constituents of milk had lower values in drier season (seasons 3 and 4), with the exception of casein; SCC and TBC had higher values in periods 1 and 2, which are considered rainy periods. There was variation in the chemical composition of milk according to the genotypes. Milk chemical composition met the legal and market requirements, with a positive emphasis on specialized production systems. The variations over the year and according to the genetic group of the herd are also significant and should be taken...

A pesquisa foi conduzida em oito rebanhos comerciais situados no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As propriedades foram classificadas quanto ao sistema de produção, as estações do ano foram divididas em quatro e os grupamentos genéticos em seis. Foram coletadas, mensalmente, diretamente do tanque de resfriamento, amostras de leite na ordenha da manhã. Foram determinados os teores de proteína, gordura, lactose, sólidos totais, caseína, as concentrações de nitrogênio ureico, a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem bacteriana total (CBT). Para a composição do leite, os resultados detectados foram satisfatórios e atenderam às exigências previstas na Instrução Normativa 62, mas as médias obtidas para CCS e CBT estão acima do limite recomendado. Todas as variáveis analisadas, com exceção da caseína da proteína total, foram influenciadas (P 0,05) pelo sistema de produção utilizado na unidade produtiva. Verificou- se menor teor de gordura em 2010, quando comparado a 2011. Para as estações do ano, com exceção da caseína, todos os constituintes do leite apresentaram menores valores na época mais seca (estações 3 e 4), já a CCS e CBT apresentaram maiores valores nas épocas 1 e 2, que são considerados períodos de chuva. Verificou-se variação na composição química do leite de acordo com os genótipos estudados. A composição química do leite atende às exigências legais e...

Assuntos

RESUMO

The use of cactus is an alternative for sustainable production systems in Northeast Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of supplying five cacti species from the Brazilian semi-arid northeast region on the physical-chemical sensory characteristics and the profile of fatty acids of Saanen goat milk. Five multiparous goats were used, confined, and distributed in a Latin square 5 × 5 design, with five experimental diets and five periods. Treatments consisted of 473 to 501 g/kg of a cactaceous mix (Pilosocereus gounellei, Cereus jamacaru, Cereus squamosus, Nopalea cochenillifera, or Opuntia stricta) added to 187.8 to 197.9 g/kg of "Sabiá" (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) hay and 311 to 329 g/kg of concentrate. No effects of experimental diets (P > 0.05) were evidenced in the physical and chemical composition of milk for fat, total solids, or salt levels. However, protein, lactose, solids-not-fat levels, and cryoscopy point were influenced by diet (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the profile of fatty acids between treatments for all acids found, except for butyric acid. Diets also did not (P > 0.05) confer sensory changes in milk characteristics. The use of the native cacti in the dairy goats' diet did not influence the sensory characteristics or lipid profile of milk.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of sheep in different tropical forages and the structure of the canopy and chemical composition of pasture. The treatments consisted of two cultivars of Panicum, Massai and Aruana and two of Brachiaria, Marandu and Piatã under intermittent capacity and variable stocking rate, in the rainy season. Santa Inês intact male sheep were used. The greatest leaf blade mass and leaf blade:stem ratio for cv. Massai were observed in the pre- and post-grazing. The harvest efficiency of leaf blades and stem did not differ among cultivars. In both components of cvs. Marandu and Piatã showed the lowest NDF level. The highest crude protein value in stem and leaf blade were observed in Aruana and Marandu cultivars. Marandu also presented the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility of leaf blades. Animals kept in Aruana pastures had the highest average daily gain. The highest stocking rates and animal yield per area were observed in the pastures of cv. Massai and Marandu. The grasses are able to produce satisfactory results for sheep production on pasture under exclusive system in the northeastern Brazil during the rainy season.

Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o desempenho de ovinos em diferentes forrageiras tropicais e a estrutura do dossel e composição química do pasto. Os tratamentos constituíram de duas cultivares de Panicum, Massai e Aruana e duas de Brachiaria, Marandu e Piatã, sob lotação intermitente e taxa de lotação variável, na época das águas. Foram utilizados ovinos machos não emasculados da raça Santa Inês. No pré e póspastejo foram observadas as maiores massas de lâminas foliares e relação lâmina foliar:colmo para a cv. Massai. As eficiências na colheita de lâminas foliares e colmos não deferiram entre as cultivares. Em ambos os componentes das cvs. Massai e Piatã foram obtidos os maiores teores de FDN. Os maiores teores de proteína bruta no colmo e na lâmina foliar foram observados nas cvs. Aruana e Marandu, esta também com a maior digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca das lâminas foliares. Os animais mantidos nos pastos de aruana obtiveram os maiores ganhos médios diários. As maiores taxas de lotação e ganhos por área foram observadas nos pastos das cvs. Massai e Marandu. As gramíneas são capazes produzir resultados satisfatórios para ovinocultura sob sistema exclusivo em pasto na região Nordeste durante a época das águas.

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The objective was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of diets increasing cashew byproduct levels in sheep. Sixteen F1 Dorper X Santa Inês lambs were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with four levels (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%) to include the cashew byproduct and four replications, totaling sixteen observations. Dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and non-fiber carbohydrates intakes had negative linear behavior with increasing inclusion of cashew byproduct in experimental diets. There was negative linear effect byproduct level on the dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the experimental diets. The inclusion of cashew byproduct is not recommended in the diet of feedlot sheep.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente de dietas contendo inclusões crescentes do subproduto do caju em ovinos. Foram utilizados 16 animais F1 Dorper X Santa Inês, distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, sendo quatro níveis (0%, 20%, 40% e 60%) de inclusão do subproduto do caju e quatro repetições, perfazendo 16 observações. Os consumos matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos não fibrosos apresentaram comportamento linear negativo com aumento da inclusão do subproduto do caju nas dietas experimentais. Houve efeito linear negativo do nível de subproduto sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro das dietas experimentais. A inclusão do subproduto do caju não é recomendada na dieta de ovinos em confinamento.(AU)

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RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of diets increasing cashew byproduct levels in sheep. Sixteen F1 Dorper X Santa Inês lambs were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, with four levels (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%) to include the cashew byproduct and four replications, totaling sixteen observations. Dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and non-fiber carbohydrates intakes had negative linear behavior with increasing inclusion of cashew byproduct in experimental diets. There was negative linear effect byproduct level on the dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the experimental diets. The inclusion of cashew byproduct is not recommended in the diet of feedlot sheep.

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente de dietas contendo inclusões crescentes do subproduto do caju em ovinos. Foram utilizados 16 animais F1 Dorper X Santa Inês, distribuídos num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, sendo quatro níveis (0%, 20%, 40% e 60%) de inclusão do subproduto do caju e quatro repetições, perfazendo 16 observações. Os consumos matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos não fibrosos apresentaram comportamento linear negativo com aumento da inclusão do subproduto do caju nas dietas experimentais. Houve efeito linear negativo do nível de subproduto sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro das dietas experimentais. A inclusão do subproduto do caju não é recomendada na dieta de ovinos em confinamento.

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coconut meal, a byproduct of agribusiness, film nut(AU)

The objective was to evaluate intake and digestibility of diets based waste cashew with different concentrates in the diet of sheep. We used 24 sheep of the Morada Nova, female, 8 months old and weight 20 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six repetitions. Evaluated the intake in g / animal / day,% LW g/w0, 75 and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of diets containing residue associated with dehydrated cashew concentrate containing wheat (feed wheat), soy (soy diet), coco (coconut diet) and film nut (nut diet). There were significant effects (P <0.05) for DM, OM, CP and EE in all units of expression evaluated. There was no significant effect on NDF intake in g / day,% BW and g / UTM (P> 0.05). There were no differences (P> 0.05) for DM, EE, CP and NDF. The coconut diet showed the lowest values for the intake and digestibility of nutrients.(AU)

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RESUMO

coconut meal, a byproduct of agribusiness, film nut

The objective was to evaluate intake and digestibility of diets based waste cashew with different concentrates in the diet of sheep. We used 24 sheep of the Morada Nova, female, 8 months old and weight 20 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six repetitions. Evaluated the intake in g / animal / day,% LW g/w0, 75 and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of diets containing residue associated with dehydrated cashew concentrate containing wheat (feed wheat), soy (soy diet), coco (coconut diet) and film nut (nut diet). There were significant effects (P 0.05). There were no differences (P> 0.05) for DM, EE, CP and NDF. The coconut diet showed the lowest values for the intake and digestibility of nutrients.

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Coccidiosis is a serious obstacle to sheep production, which is becoming a limiting factor, especially with regard to lamb production. However, there are few studies on this parasite in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of decoquinate, added to mineral salt, for controlling Eimeria infection in lambs, and to identify which species are infecting sheep in the eastern region of the state. This study was carried out from August 2009 to January 2010, and used 76 animals. These were divided into two treatment groups: one with common mineral salt, and the other with mineral salt enriched with 6% micronized decoquinate. Fecal samples and body weight measurements were taken every 14 days for parasitological diagnosis, weight gain follow-up and quantitative analysis. The study showed that there was a significant difference in OPG only at the 7th collection, but no significant difference in weight gain. The Eimeria species found were E. ahsata. E. crandallis. E. granulosa. E. intrincata. E. ovina. E. faurei. E. ovinoidalis. E. pallida and E. parva. It was concluded that addition of decoquinate to mineral salt gave rise to lower oocyst elimination, thus favoring eimeriosis control in sheep.

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RESUMO

Coccidiosis is a serious obstacle to sheep production, which is becoming a limiting factor, especially with regard to lamb production. However, there are few studies on this parasite in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of decoquinate, added to mineral salt, for controlling Eimeria infection in lambs, and to identify which species are infecting sheep in the eastern region of the state. This study was carried out from August 2009 to January 2010, and used 76 animals. These were divided into two treatment groups: one with common mineral salt, and the other with mineral salt enriched with 6% micronized decoquinate. Fecal samples and body weight measurements were taken every 14 days for parasitological diagnosis, weight gain follow-up and quantitative analysis. The study showed that there was a significant difference in OPG only at the 7th collection, but no significant difference in weight gain. The Eimeria species found were E. ahsata. E. crandallis. E. granulosa. E. intrincata. E. ovina. E. faurei. E. ovinoidalis. E. pallida and E. parva. It was concluded that addition of decoquinate to mineral salt gave rise to lower oocyst elimination, thus favoring eimeriosis control in sheep.(AU)

A coccidiose constitui-se num sério obstáculo à ovinocultura, a qual vem se tornando um fator limitante para a exploração, especialmente para a produção de cordeiros precoces. Porém, poucos são os estudos com esse parasito no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do decoquinato, adicionado ao sal mineral, no controle da infecção causada por parasitas do gênero Eimeria em cordeiros, e identificar quais as espécies infectam ovinos na região leste Potiguar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido entre agosto de 2009 e janeiro de 2010, e foram usados 76 animais, distribuídos em dois tratamentos, um com sal mineral comum e o outro com sal mineral enriquecido com decoquinato a 6% micronizado. Amostras fecais e pesagens dos animais foram feitas a cada 14 dias para o diagnóstico parasitológico, acompanhamento do ganho de peso ponderal e análise quantitativa. O estudo evidenciou que houve diferença significativa na redução do OoPG apenas na 7º semana de experimento, mas não houve diferenças significativas para ganho de peso dos animais. As espécies encontradas foram E. ahsata. E. crandallis. E. granulosa. E. intrincata. E. ovina. E. faurei. E. ovinoidalis. E. pallida . E. parva. Conclui-se que a adição de decoquinato ao sal mineral propiciou uma menor eliminação de oocistos favorecendo o controle da eimeriose ovina.(AU)

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