RESUMO

We evaluated the efficacy of Bioverm®, a commercial product containing Duddingtonia flagrans, on the control of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) gastrointestinal nematodes. We randomly divided 12 buffaloes into two groups of six animals. In the treated group, each animal received a Bioverm®`s single dose of 1g (105 chlamydospores of D. flagrans) to 10 kg of live weight; in the control group, each animal received 1g of corn bran for each 10 kg of live weight as a placebo. Fecal samples were individually collected from 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h after treatments. To examine 1) viability of chlamydospores passed through the gastrointestinal tract, 2 g of faeces and 1000 infective larvae (L3) were added to Petri dishes with 2% water-agar, and 2) to examine larval predation by D. flagrans during fecal cultures, 2000 L3 were added. In the Petri dishes, were observed significant reductions (p < 0.01) in the treated group after 48 (56.7%) and 60 h (91.5%). In the fecal cultures, significant reductions (p < 0.01) occurred in the treated group from 36 h (75%), with larval reduction up to 72 h. High larval predation rate occurred 60 h after Bioverm® administration. Bioverm® maintained viability and predation capacity after passage through the buffalo's gastrointestinal tract, showing efficacy on gastrointestinal nematodes.

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RESUMO

This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of carvone nanoemulsions on Haemonchus contortus. Three R-carvone nanoemulsions were prepared: uncoated R-carvone nanoemulsions homogenized in a sonicator (UNAlg-son) and homogenized in an ultrahomogenizer (UNAlg-ultra) and sodium alginate-coated R-carvone (CNAlg-ultra). The physicochemical characterizations of the nanoemulsions were carried out. The anthelmintic activity was evaluated using egg hatch test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and adult worm motility test (AWMT). Changes in cuticle induced in adult H. contortus were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching and larval development was calculated. The particle sizes were 281.1 nm (UNAlg-son), 152.7 nm (UNAlg-ultra) and 557.8 nm (CNAlg-ultra), and the zeta potentials were −15 mV (UNAlg-son), −10.8 mV (UNAlg-ultra) and −24.2 mV (CNAlg-ultra). The encapsulation efficiency was 99.84 ± 0.01%. SEM of the nanoemulsions showed an increase in size. In EHT, the EC50 values of UNAlg-son, UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra were 0.19, 0.02 and 0.17 mg mL−1, respectively. In LDT, they were 0.29, 0.31 and 0.95 mg mL−1 for UNAlg-son, UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra, respectively. The adult motility inhibition was 100% after 12 h of exposure to UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra, while for UNAlg-son, it was 79.16%. SEM showed changes in the buccal capsule and cuticular damage. It was concluded that R-carvone nanoemulsions showed antiparasitic action demonstrating promise for the control of infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants.

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RESUMO

Productivity in small ruminants can be compromised due to lice infestations. This pest infestation is controlled by the administration of insecticides, and their excessive use causes resistance. New control alternatives are being investiga-ted, especially the use of phytotherapeutics. Research using the oil from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) has shown insecticidal action on feline and goat lice specimens. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C. guianensis seed oil, in vitro, on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis.Nine hundred specimens of D. (Bovicola) ovis were randomly assigned into groups and were subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/mL of C. guianensis oil; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control); and (G3) amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). Data presentation was expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 and statistical differences of the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit Regression was performed to obtain CI50 and CI90, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The oil with a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL had an efficacy of 94% after 24 hours of exposure, differing statistically from the positive and negative control (p < 0.05). The IC50 and IC90 values were 439.21 mg/mL and 807.09 mg/mL, respectively. The action of the oil on the specimens was independent whether it was an adult female, male, or nymph. It is concluded that C. guianensis oil showed in vitro insecticidal effect against D. (Bovicola) ovis.(AU)

A produtividade em pequenos ruminantes pode ser comprometida devido as infestações por piolhos. O controle dessa infestação é realizado com a administração de inseticidas e seu uso excessivo causam resistências. Novas alternativas de controle estão sendo estudadas, destacando-se o uso de fitoterápicos. Pesquisas realizadas usando o óleo da Carapa guianensis(andiroba) mostraram ação inseticida sobre espécimes de piolhos de felinos e caprinos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do óleo da semente de C. guianensis, in vitro, sobre Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis. 900 exemplares de D. (Bovicola) ovis foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos e submetidos a diferentes tratamentos: (G1) 1.000 a 15,6 mg/ml de óleo de C. guianensis; (G2) Tween 80 a 3% (controle negativo), e: (G3) Amitraz 1,25 g/mL (controle positivo). A apresentação dos dados foi expressa em eficácia média ± desvio padrão usando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0 e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas por Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. Para obtenção da CI50 e CI90 foi realizada Regressão de Probit, com nível de significância de p< 0,05. O óleo com concentração de 1.000 mg/ml teve uma eficácia de 94%, após 24 horas de exposição, diferindo estatisticamente do controle positivo e negativo (p< 0,05). Os valores da CI50 e CI90 foram de 439,21 mg/mL e 807,09 mg/mL, respectivamente. A ação do óleo sobre os espécimes foi independente se era adulto fêmea, macho ou ninfa. Conclui-se que o óleo de C. guianensis apresentou efeito inseticida in vitro contra D. (Bovicola) ovis.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Productivity in small ruminants can be compromised due to lice infestations. This pest infestation is controlled by the administration of insecticides, and their excessive use causes resistance. New control alternatives are being investiga-ted, especially the use of phytotherapeutics. Research using the oil from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) has shown insecticidal action on feline and goat lice specimens. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C. guianensis seed oil, in vitro, on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis.Nine hundred specimens of D. (Bovicola) ovis were randomly assigned into groups and were subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/mL of C. guianensis oil; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control); and (G3) amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). Data presentation was expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 and statistical differences of the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit Regression was performed to obtain CI50 and CI90, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The oil with a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL had an efficacy of 94% after 24 hours of exposure, differing statistically from the positive and negative control (p < 0.05). The IC50 and IC90 values were 439.21 mg/mL and 807.09 mg/mL, respectively. The action of the oil on the specimens was independent whether it was an adult female, male, or nymph. It is concluded that C. guianensis oil showed in vitro insecticidal effect against D. (Bovicola) ovis.

A produtividade em pequenos ruminantes pode ser comprometida devido as infestações por piolhos. O controle dessa infestação é realizado com a administração de inseticidas e seu uso excessivo causam resistências. Novas alternativas de controle estão sendo estudadas, destacando-se o uso de fitoterápicos. Pesquisas realizadas usando o óleo da Carapa guianensis(andiroba) mostraram ação inseticida sobre espécimes de piolhos de felinos e caprinos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do óleo da semente de C. guianensis, in vitro, sobre Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis. 900 exemplares de D. (Bovicola) ovis foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos e submetidos a diferentes tratamentos: (G1) 1.000 a 15,6 mg/ml de óleo de C. guianensis; (G2) Tween 80 a 3% (controle negativo), e: (G3) Amitraz 1,25 g/mL (controle positivo). A apresentação dos dados foi expressa em eficácia média ± desvio padrão usando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0 e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas por Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. Para obtenção da CI50 e CI90 foi realizada Regressão de Probit, com nível de significância de p< 0,05. O óleo com concentração de 1.000 mg/ml teve uma eficácia de 94%, após 24 horas de exposição, diferindo estatisticamente do controle positivo e negativo (p< 0,05). Os valores da CI50 e CI90 foram de 439,21 mg/mL e 807,09 mg/mL, respectivamente. A ação do óleo sobre os espécimes foi independente se era adulto fêmea, macho ou ninfa. Conclui-se que o óleo de C. guianensis apresentou efeito inseticida in vitro contra D. (Bovicola) ovis.

Assuntos