RESUMO
The damage identification process provides relevant information about the current state of a structure under inspection, and it can be approached from two different points of view. The first approach uses data-driven algorithms, which are usually associated with the collection of data using sensors. Data are subsequently processed and analyzed. The second approach uses models to analyze information about the structure. In the latter case, the overall performance of the approach is associated with the accuracy of the model and the information that is used to define it. Although both approaches are widely used, data-driven algorithms are preferred in most cases because they afford the ability to analyze data acquired from sensors and to provide a real-time solution for decision making; however, these approaches involve high-performance processors due to the high computational cost. As a contribution to the researchers working with data-driven algorithms and applications, this work presents a brief review of data-driven algorithms for damage identification in structural health-monitoring applications. This review covers damage detection, localization, classification, extension, and prognosis, as well as the development of smart structures. The literature is systematically reviewed according to the natural steps of a structural health-monitoring system. This review also includes information on the types of sensors used as well as on the development of data-driven algorithms for damage identification.
RESUMO
The actions of secondary prevention of alcohol abuse and alcoholism in the primary medical attention confront barriers that difficult their attention, beginning with those of the patient him or herself, those of the family physician and the multidisciplinary staff, and finally, those corresponding to the system of attention itself. The objective of this study is to show a review of international literature and experiences in Mexico, which present secondary prevention strategies that facilitate the family physician his or her performance in the containment of alcoholism through early detection and brief intervention. In this paper, we present an operative model that the World Health Organization made in 2001 as an advice of its experts on the problem, combining early detection through the application of the "Identification test of disorders due to alcohol addiction, abuse and/or dependence" (AUDIT) and based on the score obtained, it applies an intervention strategy that goes from the simple piece of advice to the brief therapy and if it is necessary, the derivation.