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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention with dual task based on trail making test on gait, cognition and daily activities execution in individuals with Parkinson's disease. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODOLOGY: 10 individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD) were divided into dual task group (DTG) and control group (CG). Were realized 16 dual task (DT) training sessions based on the Trail Making Test (TMT) for DTG and a conventional training protocol for CG. Pre and post intervention assessments used the 6 minute walk test (T6), TMT, Katz Index and Falls Efficacy Scale (FES). RESULTS: Comparing the difference between pre and post intervention values between groups, there was no significant difference for T6 (p=0,36). In TMT there was a significant difference (p=0,03), showing shorter times for DTG. The tests used for time values in the Katz index tasks showed an important difference for the DTG (P=0,02). As for the results of the FES, they did not show pre and post changes in the DTG (0,45) and in the CG (p= 0,29) and not even between the groups (p=0,45). CONCLUSION: The proposed intervention was able to promote improvements in the performance of daily life activities, learning adaptations and retention of motor and cognitive aspects, which may reflect positively in the daily lives of patients with PD and, consequently, greater autonomy to perform these types of activities.

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RESUMO

The indiscriminate use of chemical acaricides has allowed Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to develop resistance to several active principles. However, botanical extracts have been tested as an alternative method to control those ticks. This experiment studied the chemical fingerprint and acaricidal effect of fresh and dry Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts on R. (B.) microplus. The acaricidal activity of extracts was assessed using in vitro assays with engorged females, and phytochemical characterization was performed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that fresh and dry A. arborescens extracts prepared with the solvents pure ethanol, ethanol-dichloromethane binary mixture, and ethanol-dichloromethane-acetone ternary mixture, contained water-soluble tannins and had a strong effect on the reproductive parameters of R. (B.) microplus demonstrated by a marked decreased in the number of eggs laid and in the larvae hatching rate (p 0.05, p 0.01, p 0.001). In conclusion, A. arborescens Mill. has components with acaricidal activity against R. (B.) microplus, and phytotherapy with extracts of this plant may be used as an alternative method of R. (B.) microplus control.(AU)

O uso indiscriminado de acaricidas químicos permitiu o desenvolvimento de resistência de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus a vários princípios ativos. Entretanto, extratos botânicos têm sido testados como método alternativo para o controle desses carrapatos. Este experimento foi conduzido para estudar a impressão digital química e o efeito acaricida de extratos frescos e desidratados de Aloe arborescens Mill sobre R. (B.) microplus. A atividade acaricida dos extratos foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro com fêmeas ingurgitadas e a caracterização fitoquímica foi determinada por espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Os resultados demostraram que os extratos frescos e desidratados de A. arborescens Mill obtidos com os solventes etanol puro, mistura binária de etanol e diclorometano, e mistura ternária de etanol, diclorometano e acetona, continham taninos hidrossolúveis e apresentaram maior atividade acaricida sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos de R. (B.) microplus, pois observou-se queda acentuada no número de ovos postos e na taxa de eclosão das larvas (p 0,05; p 0,01; p 0,001). Conclui-se que A. arborescens Mill possui componentes com efeito acaricida contra R. (B.) microplus e que a fitoterapia, com os extratos dessa planta, pode ser utilizada como método alternativo para o controle de R. (B.) microplus.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The indiscriminate use of chemical acaricides has allowed Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to develop resistance to several active principles. However, botanical extracts have been tested as an alternative method to control those ticks. This experiment studied the chemical fingerprint and acaricidal effect of fresh and dry Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts on R. (B.) microplus. The acaricidal activity of extracts was assessed using in vitro assays with engorged females, and phytochemical characterization was performed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that fresh and dry A. arborescens extracts prepared with the solvents pure ethanol, ethanol-dichloromethane binary mixture, and ethanol-dichloromethane-acetone ternary mixture, contained water-soluble tannins and had a strong effect on the reproductive parameters of R. (B.) microplus demonstrated by a marked decreased in the number of eggs laid and in the larvae hatching rate (p 0.05, p 0.01, p 0.001). In conclusion, A. arborescens Mill. has components with acaricidal activity against R. (B.) microplus, and phytotherapy with extracts of this plant may be used as an alternative method of R. (B.) microplus control.

O uso indiscriminado de acaricidas químicos permitiu o desenvolvimento de resistência de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus a vários princípios ativos. Entretanto, extratos botânicos têm sido testados como método alternativo para o controle desses carrapatos. Este experimento foi conduzido para estudar a impressão digital química e o efeito acaricida de extratos frescos e desidratados de Aloe arborescens Mill sobre R. (B.) microplus. A atividade acaricida dos extratos foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro com fêmeas ingurgitadas e a caracterização fitoquímica foi determinada por espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Os resultados demostraram que os extratos frescos e desidratados de A. arborescens Mill obtidos com os solventes etanol puro, mistura binária de etanol e diclorometano, e mistura ternária de etanol, diclorometano e acetona, continham taninos hidrossolúveis e apresentaram maior atividade acaricida sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos de R. (B.) microplus, pois observou-se queda acentuada no número de ovos postos e na taxa de eclosão das larvas (p 0,05; p 0,01; p 0,001). Conclui-se que A. arborescens Mill possui componentes com efeito acaricida contra R. (B.) microplus e que a fitoterapia, com os extratos dessa planta, pode ser utilizada como método alternativo para o controle de R. (B.) microplus.

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RESUMO

The effects of five extraction solvents and their mixtures on the yield of metabolites in crude and fractionated extracts of Annona muricata L. leaves were investigated by direct comparison. Extraction media were prepared using simplex centroid mixtures of ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, acetone, and chloroform. The effects of the mobile phase solvent strength and the analysis wavelength on the chromatographic separation were also investigated. Solvent mixtures rather than pure solvents were found to be the most efficient extractors for the different fractions. The results indicated that the mobile phase composed of methanol/acetonitrile/water (26:27:47 v/v/v) was most suitable for the basic fraction analysis at 254 nm, whereas the mobile phase composed of methanol/acetonitrile/water (35:35:30 v/v/v) was the most adequate for the organic fraction analysis at 254 nm. The results indicated that the chromatographic profiles and number of peaks were affected by the mobile phase strength and analysis wavelength.

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