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PURPOSE: This study aims to describe micronutrient intake according to food processing degree and to investigate the association between the dietary share of ultra-processed foods and micronutrient inadequacies in a representative sample of Portuguese adult and elderly individuals. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015/2016) were used. Food consumption data were collected through two 24-h food recalls, and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between the micronutrient density and the quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption-crude and adjusted. Negative Binomial regressions were performed to measure the prevalence ratio of micronutrient inadequacy according to ultra-processed food quintiles. RESULTS: For adults, all evaluated vitamins had significantly lower content in the fraction of ultra-processed foods compared to unprocessed or minimally processed foods, except vitamin B2. For the elderly, out of ten evaluated vitamins, seven presented significantly less content in ultra-processed foods compared to non-processed ones. The higher energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in adults was associated with a lower density of vitamins and minerals. This association was not observed in the elderly. For adults, compared with the first quintile of ultra-processed food consumption, the fifth quintile was positively associated with inadequate intakes of vitamin B6 (PR 1.51), vitamin C (PR 1.32), folate (PR 1.14), magnesium (PR 1.21), zinc (PR 1.33), and potassium (PR 1.19). CONCLUSION: Our results corroborate the importance of public health actions that promote a reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods.

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This study aims to investigate the dietary share of ultra-processed foods and its association with the non-communicable disease (NCD)-related nutrient profile of adult and elderly populations in Portugal. Cross-sectional data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015-2016) of the Portuguese population were analysed. Dietary intake was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h recalls, and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. We estimated the percentage of dietary energy provided by each of the NOVA food groups and assessed the NCD-related nutrient profile of the overall diet across quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption. Weighted t tests, besides crude and adjusted linear and Poisson regressions, were performed. Ultra-processed foods contributed to around 24 and 16 % of daily energy intake for adults and elderly, respectively. In both groups, as the consumption of ultra-processed foods increased, the dietary content of free sugars, total fats and saturated fats increased, while the dietary content of protein decreased. In adults, total energy intake, dietary energy density and content of carbohydrates also increased as the consumption of ultra-processed foods increased, while the dietary content of fibre, Na and K decreased. The prevalence of those exceeding the upper limits recommended for free sugars and saturated fats increased by 544 and 153 % in adults and 619 and 60 % in elderly, when comparing the lowest with the highest quintile of ultra-processed food consumption. Such a scenario demands for effective strategies addressing food processing in the Portuguese population to improve their diet quality and prevention against diet-related NCD.

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Seafood lipids encompass important healthy nutrients, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), whichmay have a significant effect on human cardiovascular health and needs to be supplied by the human diet. Particularly, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the most abundant n-3 PUFA present in seafood and have an impact on the cardiovascular health. DHA and EPA are deemed to display anti-inflammatory, cell membrane modulation, and biophysical properties, thereby offsetting the pro-inflammatory effects of n-6 PUFA, and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Consumption of large amounts of n-3 PUFA exerts a positive effect on a wide array of cardiovascular health concerns ranging from hypertension and atherosclerosis to myocardial infarction and stroke. Infact, animal studies indicate that n-3 PUFAs play a bioactive cardiovascular protective role. Therefore, it is recommended up to two servings of fatty fish per week or up to 500 mg/day of EPA and DHA (World Health Organization).

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The percent composition, soluble and insoluble food fibers, oil fatty acids and minerals were determined in the mesocarp of fruits of three peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) populations grown in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Amino acids were also determined in one of the populations. The mean protein levels ranged from 1.8 to 2.7%, lipid levels ranged from 3.5 to 11.1%, the nitrogen free fraction ranged from 24.3 to 35%, food fiber ranged from 5.2% to 8.7%, and energy ranged from 179.1 to 207.4 kcal%. All essential, as well as non-essential, amino acids were present, with tryptophan and methionine presenting the lowest mean concentrations. The mono-unsaturated oleic acid predominated in the oil, ranging from 42.8 to 60.8%, and palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid, ranging from 24.1 to 42.3%. Among the essential fatty acids, linoleic acid was the most abundant, with a maximum of 5.4% in Pampa-8. The most important mineral elements were potassium, selenium and chromium, respectively corresponding to 12%, 9% and 9% of daily recommended allowances. Considering the nutritional potential of the fruit, we suggest its more frequent incorporation into the diet of the Amazonian population.

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The chemical composition of the duplicate food collections obtained from 36 servers of the National Institute of Researches of Amazônia (INPA) was evaluated and as percentage of recommended intake. The most frequently food consumed they were: sugar (91.7%), rice (80.6%), coffee (77.8%), milk (72.3%), bovine meat and bread (63.9%), cassava flour (58.4%), potato (55.6%), bean (50.0%), birds (38.9%), banana, carrot and sausages (33.4%), egg, sodas and tomato (30.6%). The results obtained showed the caloric deficiency of 40% and 52,7% respectively for adult men and adult women (25 to 50 years), protein of 76,4% (men) and 96,3% (women). The minerals Ca, Mg and Zn (men) were deficient whit an adequacy of about 50%. When compared with the recommended intakes, Fe was deficient for the adult women (59.4%). The minerals Na, Cu, Cl, Cr and I values were very high. Although of the great variety of foods ingested by this population, it was verified values are near the lowest limited set by RDA for most of the nutrients. Same belonging at a more privileged socio-economic living conditions, it is patent the importance of the alimentary orientation to that population group, because it is one of the main points in what it concerns the conditions of health and nutrition of the population.

Foi avaliada a composição química e percentual de adequação das dietas coletadas por meio da porção em duplicata de 36 servidores do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se uma diversificação de alimentos frequentemente consumidos, dentre eles: açúcar (91,7%), arroz (80,6%), café (77,8%), leite (72,3%), carne bovina e pão (63,9%), farinha de mandioca (58,4%), batata inglesa (55,6%), feijão (50,04%), aves (38,9%), banana, cenoura e embutidos (33,4%), ovo, refrigerantes e tomate (30,6%). Considerando as recomendações nutricionais para a faixa etária de 25 a 50 anos, as adequações calóricas foram 40% e 52,7% para homens e mulheres respectivamente, protéica 76,4% (homens) e 96,3% (mulheres). Os minerais Ca, Mg e Zn (homens) apresentaram adequação inferior a 50%, enquanto que o Fe apresentou adequação de 89,1% (homens) e 59.4% (mulheres). Os minerais Na, Cu, Cl, Cr e I apresentaram valores acima do recomendado em ambos os sexos. Apesar da grande variedade de alimentos ingeridos por esta população, verificou-se valores limitantes para a maioria dos nutrientes, independentemente do sexo. Mesmo pertencendo a um nível sócio-cultural mais privilegiado, fica patente a importância da orientação alimentar a esse grupo populacional, pois é um dos pontos principais no que concerne as condições de saúde e nutrição da população.

RESUMO

The chemical composition of the duplicate food collections obtained from 36 servers of the National Institute of Researches of Amazônia (INPA) was evaluated and as percentage of recommended intake. The most frequently food consumed they were: sugar (91.7%), rice (80.6%), coffee (77.8%), milk (72.3%), bovine meat and bread (63.9%), cassava flour (58.4%), potato (55.6%), bean (50.0%), birds (38.9%), banana, carrot and sausages (33.4%), egg, sodas and tomato (30.6%). The results obtained showed the caloric deficiency of 40% and 52,7% respectively for adult men and adult women (25 to 50 years), protein of 76,4% (men) and 96,3% (women). The minerals Ca, Mg and Zn (men) were deficient whit an adequacy of about 50%. When compared with the recommended intakes, Fe was deficient for the adult women (59.4%). The minerals Na, Cu, Cl, Cr and I values were very high. Although of the great variety of foods ingested by this population, it was verified values are near the lowest limited set by RDA for most of the nutrients. Same belonging at a more privileged socio-economic living conditions, it is patent the importance of the alimentary orientation to that population group, because it is one of the main points in what it concerns the conditions of health and nutrition of the population.

Foi avaliada a composição química e percentual de adequação das dietas coletadas por meio da porção em duplicata de 36 servidores do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se uma diversificação de alimentos frequentemente consumidos, dentre eles: açúcar (91,7%), arroz (80,6%), café (77,8%), leite (72,3%), carne bovina e pão (63,9%), farinha de mandioca (58,4%), batata inglesa (55,6%), feijão (50,04%), aves (38,9%), banana, cenoura e embutidos (33,4%), ovo, refrigerantes e tomate (30,6%). Considerando as recomendações nutricionais para a faixa etária de 25 a 50 anos, as adequações calóricas foram 40% e 52,7% para homens e mulheres respectivamente, protéica 76,4% (homens) e 96,3% (mulheres). Os minerais Ca, Mg e Zn (homens) apresentaram adequação inferior a 50%, enquanto que o Fe apresentou adequação de 89,1% (homens) e 59.4% (mulheres). Os minerais Na, Cu, Cl, Cr e I apresentaram valores acima do recomendado em ambos os sexos. Apesar da grande variedade de alimentos ingeridos por esta população, verificou-se valores limitantes para a maioria dos nutrientes, independentemente do sexo. Mesmo pertencendo a um nível sócio-cultural mais privilegiado, fica patente a importância da orientação alimentar a esse grupo populacional, pois é um dos pontos principais no que concerne as condições de saúde e nutrição da população.

RESUMO

Considerando a escassez de informaçöes em relaçäo às condiçöes de saúde e nutriçäo dos pré-escolares da Calha do Rio Negro, avaliou-se 109 dietas pré-escolares de Barcelos e 06 da área índigena de Ajuricaba-AM, por meio da análise química e percentual de adequaçäo em relaçäo aos valores recomendados pelo National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC). Verificou-se que os alimentos frequentemente consumidos foram: farinha de mandioca, päo, peixe, arroz, bolacha doce, feijäo, café, banana e outros, com uma frequência inferior a 10(por cento). As dietas analisadas apresentaram uma adequaçäo energética de 21,5(por cento) e 10(por cento), proteína de 57,9(por cento) e 76(por cento) para as dietas dos pré-escolares de Barcelos e Ajuricaba respectivamente. Os elementos minerais Ca, Zn e K apresentaram um adequaçäo inferior a 40(por cento); ferro próximo a 40(por cento) e valores superiores a 100(por cento) para Na e Mo na dieta de Barcelos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o consumo de frutas e verduras näo faz parte do hábito alimentar dos pré-escolares ribeirinhos, o aporte energético é limitante, seguido de cálcio, zinco e ferro e a dieta näo atende às recomendaçöes preconizadas para a maioria dos nutrientes estudados. (AU)

Considering the scanty information about health and nutrition conditions of the pre-schoolin Calha do Rio Negro, 109 diets from the Barcelos region and 06 diets from the indigenous area ofAjuricaba­AM, were evaluated by means of chemical analysis and adequacy percentage related to therecommended intakes set by National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC)for children (4-6 years old). The duplicate portion technique was used for sampling the diets. It wasverified that the foods more frequently consumed were: cassava flour, bread, fish, rice, crackers, beans,coffee, banana. Others had a frequency below 10%. The diets analyzed showed an energy deficit of21,5% and 10% and a proteic deficit of 57,9% and 76%, for Barcelos and Ajuricaba regions, respectively.According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the consumption of greens is not part of thefeeding habits of rural Amazon population, and the caloric contribution content of the available food isvery low. Considering the mineral elements Ca, Fe, Mg, Se, and Zn, we were able to verify that bothdiets analyzed in the present work have not reached the values recommended by NAS/NRC. With regardto Na and Mo, the diet in Barcelos exceeded the values recommended. (AU)

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In the present work the concentration values of the mineral elements Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Se and Zn in conventional and non-conventional foodstuffs from Amazon Region by instrumental neutron activation analysis are presented. The concentrations to minerals varied according to the foodstuffs analysed. The highest concentrations of potassium were detected in jaca fruit (kernel and pulp) and graviola fruit. Although selenium was among the least abundant minerals, it was found in higher concentrations in graviola fruit, pupunha fruit and palm. Based on the concentration data of mineral elements it can be recommended the consumption of these foodstuffs in the daily meals of Amazonian people and we hope to contribute towards elaboration of regional and national food composition tables.

No presente trabalho são apresentados valores de concentração para os elementos minerais Ca, Fe, , Mn, Na, Se e Zn em alimentos convencionais e não convencionais da região Amazônica, obtidos por análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental. As concentrações dos elementos minerais nos alimentos analisados, variaram, sendo que o potássio se sobressaiu com teores expressivos na jaca (caroço e polpa) e graviola. Dentre os minerais, o selênio foi o que apresentou menor concentração nos alimentos analisados. Entretanto, notadamente importantes foram as concentrações verificadas na graviola, pupunha fruto e palmito. De acordo com os resultados obtidos sugere-se a indicação dos mesmos na alimentação diária dos amazonenses e espera-se contribuir na elaboração de tabelas de composição de alimentos regional e nacional.

RESUMO

No presente trabalho são apresentados valores de concentração para os elementos minerais Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Se e Zn em alimentos convencionais e não convencionais da região Amazônica, obtidos por análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental. As concentrações dos elementos minerais nos alimentos analisados, variaram, sendo que o potássio se sobressaiu com teores expressivos na jaca (caroço e polpa) e graviola. Dentre os minerais, o selênio foi o que apresentou menor concentração nos alimentos analisados. Entretanto, notadamente importantes foram as concentrações verificadas na graviola, pupunha fruto e palmito. De acordo com os resultados obtidos sugere-se a indicação dos mesmos na alimentação diária dos amazonenses e espera-se contribuir na elaboração de tabelas de composição de alimentos regional e nacional

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the present work the concentration values of the mineral elements Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Se and Zn in conventional and non-conventional foodstuffs from Amazon Region by instrumental neutron activation analysis are presented. The concentrations to minerals varied according to the foodstuffs analysed. The highest concentrations of potassium were detected in jaca fruit (kernel and pulp) and graviola fruit. Although selenium was among the least abundant minerals, it was found in higher concentrations in graviola fruit, pupunha fruit and palm. Based on the concentration data of mineral elements it can be recommended the consumption of these foodstuffs in the daily meals of Amazonian people and we hope to contribute towards elaboration of regional and national food composition tables.

No presente trabalho são apresentados valores de concentração para os elementos minerais Ca, Fe, , Mn, Na, Se e Zn em alimentos convencionais e não convencionais da região Amazônica, obtidos por análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental. As concentrações dos elementos minerais nos alimentos analisados, variaram, sendo que o potássio se sobressaiu com teores expressivos na jaca (caroço e polpa) e graviola. Dentre os minerais, o selênio foi o que apresentou menor concentração nos alimentos analisados. Entretanto, notadamente importantes foram as concentrações verificadas na graviola, pupunha fruto e palmito. De acordo com os resultados obtidos sugere-se a indicação dos mesmos na alimentação diária dos amazonenses e espera-se contribuir na elaboração de tabelas de composição de alimentos regional e nacional.

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As autoras apresentam uma proposta para orientar, planejadamente, o paciente para a alta hospitalar, com a utilizaçäo de um impresso em que säo descritos os cuidados de enfermagem destinados a recuperaçäo e/ou manutençäo de sua saúde

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