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In this study we provide an updated checklist of benthic Cnidaria from SW Atlantic Ocean that comprised the Marine Protected Areas Namuncurá I and II, located at Burdwood bank, and other neighbouring locations. A total of 88 taxa was recorded: 36 hydrozoans and 52 anthozoans from which 32 were octocorals, 10 scleractinian corals, 8 sea anemones and 2 zoanthids. Burdwood bank presented the highest richness considering that 87% of the recorded species inhabit this plateau or its slope. Besides some common species widely distributed in the studied sub-areas, at least 24 species represent new distributional records while few were exclusively recorded at Burdwood bank. The inventory here provided will help to identify key habitat-forming species in a complex habitat where marine animal forests and vulnerable marine ecosystems were previously detected. It will be also a very valuable tool for the management and monitoring of the sub-areas under protection.

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The co-occurrence of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) and wild felids in rural landscapes can facilitate pathogen transmission. However, in the relatively-isolated regions of southern South America there have been no comprehensive studies to assess disease transmission risks between domestic cats and forest-dwelling wild felids such as guigna (Leopardus guigna). We evaluated hemoplasma infection and the possibility of transmission between domestic cats and guignas by comparing spatial and phylogenetic patterns of pathogen prevalence. Blood/spleen samples were collected from 102 wild guignas and 262 co-occurring rural domestic cats across the entire distribution range of guigna in Chile. Hemoplasma infection was assessed by direct sequencing of the 16S RNA gene. Infection with hemoplasmas was common and geographically widespread across different bioclimatic areas for both species. The most common feline Mycoplasma species in guigna and domestic cats were Candidatus M. haemominutum (CMhm) (15.7% guigna; 10.3% domestic cat) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) (9.8% guigna, 6.1% domestic cat). A previously undescribed Mycoplasma sp. sequence was found in two guignas and one cat. Continuous forest-landscapes were associated with higher hemoplasma-prevalence in guignas. Shared hemoplasma nucleotide sequence types between guigna and domestic cats were rare, suggesting that cross-species transmission between guignas and domestic cats may occur, but is probably uncommon. Ectoparasites, which have been linked with hemoplasma transmission, were not found on guignas and were infrequent on domestic cats. Our results suggest that transmission pathways vary among hemoplasma species and, contrary to our predictions, domestic cats did not appear to be the main driver of hemoplasma infection in guignas in these human-dominated landscapes.

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Enfermedad esteno-oclusiva de la porción terminal de las arterias carótidas internas y de sus ramas principales (arteria carótida media y arteria carótida anterior), progresiva, prevalente en el este Asiático (Japón, Corea), muy rara en nuestro país como en el resto del mundo, de causa desconocida. Se manifiesta mas frecuentemente como un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico transitorio o permanente en los niños menores de 10 años y como accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico en el adulto. El diagnóstico se realiza con la Angiografía Digital Cerebral y el tratamiento consiste en la revascularización cerebral, que mejora el cuadro neurológico y la calidad de vida.`Se presenta el caso de una niña de 3 años de edad con convulsiones, afasia de expresión, lúcida y hemiparesia izquierda, que luego de una franca mejoría vuelve a presentar una semana después, otra crisis más severa con compromiso de conciencia y hemiplejía derecha, cuyo estudio neurorradiológico reveló la imagen típica de volutas de humo de cigarrillo en la base del cerebro, característico de la enfermedad de Moya-Moya e intervenida quirúrgicamente con la revascularización cerebral por medio de la técnica: EncefaloDuroArterioSinangiosis (EDAS), con buen resultado.

Moya-Moya is a progressive steno-occlusive disease of the internal carotid arteries and its major branches (middle cerebral artery, and anterior cerebral artery) whose cause is unknown, and which is reported primarily in east Asia (Japan and Korea) but rare in Paraguay and the rest of the world. In children under age 10, it presents most commonly as a transient or permanent ischemic attack and in adults as a hemorrhagic stroke. Diagnosis is done by digital subtraction cerebral angiography, and treatment consists of cerebral revascularization to improve the neurological profile and quality of life. We present the case of a 3-year old female child with seizures and motor aphasia who was lucid, with left hemiparesis, and who after complete recovery presented again a week later with a more severe attack, with impaired consciousness and right hemiplegia. Radiological study revealed a typical image of swirls of 'cigarette smoke' at the base of the brain that are characteristic of Moya-Moya disease, and who was operated on using encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS), with good results.

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Objective: Parents' perception of quality of life (QOL) was correlated to the health status of children between three and five years eleven months of age. Method: TAPQOL questionnaires were utilized to evaluate parents or guardians of 483 children who attenden private, semiprivate and public kindergardens. Average age of the children was 51.7 months, 47% were girls. Results: QOL was found to be disturbed through anxiety and behavior problems. Some differences were found along the dimensions of gender, type of institution, and presence of illness. Conclusions: Our results allow us to focus on those preschoolers whose parents report a worse QOL, to develop intervention plans. Those are children who have suffered a disease, the youngest, or those who attend public preschools. Positive behavioral signs, anxiety and communication are special areas of interest for medical intervention.

Objetivo: Bajo un diseño transversal, se evalúa la percepción de los padres sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños entre tres y cinco años once meses. Método: Se aplicó el cuestionario específico de CVRS para menores en edad preescolar TAPQOL a los padres o tutores de 483 infantes que asistían ajardines infantiles particulares, públicos y subvencionados. El promedio de edad de los menores fue de 51,7 meses, siendo el 47% de estos mujeres. Resultados: La CVRS de los menores se ve más afectada en las dimensiones de ansiedad y problemas de conducta. Se encontraron diferencias en los reportes de las distintas dimensiones dadas por el sexo, el tipo de establecimiento al que acudían los menores y por la presencia de enfermedad. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten focalizar la atención en aquellos preescolares cuyos padres reportan una menor CVRS, siendo estos los que han padecido o padecen una enfermedad, los más pequeños y los que asisten a establecimientos públicos, especialmente en las áreas de emociones positivas, ansiedad y comunicación, entregando información para posibles planes de intervención con el objeto de mejorar el bienestar de los menores.

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El uso y dependencia de sustancias adictivas se relaciona con un amplio conjunto de problemas de salud y de exclusión social, así mismo representan un factor significativo en el incremento de la morbilidad a nivel nacional. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la revisión y análisis de los planes de estudios correspondientes a la Licenciatura en Enfermería en tres centros de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM): La ENEO, FESZ y FESI), desde la perspectiva de la formación en prevención y tratamiento de conductas adictivas. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, evaluativo, transversal, de tipo investigación documental, que analiza la transversalidad de los contenidos sobre la temática de adicciones en los planes y programas de las tres dependencias de la UNAM. Proyecto MP6-20 El análisis comparativo de los planes de estudio permite mostrar que la temática de adicciones, aparece de manera diferencial en los proyectos de formación universitaria de enfermería. Los proyectos curriculares analizados, adolecen de un modelo pedagógico que permita identificar como problema de salud, las conductas adictivas; y en consecuencia se desarrollen estrategias que permitan paulatinamente desarrollar competencias profesionales para la prevención específica, el tratamiento y la reinserción social de las personas con conductas adictivas.

The use and dependence of addictive substances is related with a wide group of problems of health and of social exclusion, likewise they represent a significant factor in the increment from the mobility to national level. In this paper present the results of the revision and analysis of curriculum corresponding to bachelor nursing in three dependences of UNAM: The ENEO, FESZ and FESI, from the perspective of the formation in prevention and treatment of addictive behaviors. It is a descriptive study, evaluative, cross transverse, of type documental investigation that analyzes the transversal of the contents on the thematic of addictions in the curriculum of the three dependences of the UNAM. The comparative analysis of the study plans allows explains that the thematic of addictions appears in a differential way in the projects of university formation of nursing. The analyzed curriculum lack of a pedagogic model that allows identifying as problem of health the addictive behaviors and in consequence strategies are developed that allow gradually developing professional competitions for the prevention it specifies, the treatment and the social reinsertion of people with addictive behaviors.

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Background: The number of physicians available in a given country, their efficiency, quality and specialization is of utmost epidemiological importance. Aim: To evaluate the availability of physicians in Chile. Material and methods: The information about the number of physicians in Chile up to the year 2004, was obtained from the Ministry of Health, national universities and the register of immigrant physicians since 1950. Results: The total number of physicians licensed to practice was 25,542, of whom 2,700 are immigrants. The physician/inhabitant ratio increased from 1/921 in 1998 to 1/612 in 2004. The greater impact in the increment of available physicians was given by the immigration of professionals and by the increase in the number of physicians graduated from national universities, mainly from the new private universities. Forty two percent of physicians work at public services and 61 percent of these are certified specialists. The regional distribution of general practitioners and basic specialists is adequate. Along the country, the mean physician/beneficiary ratio is 8.45/10,000, the specialist/beneficiary ratio is 4.9/10,000 and the general practitioner/beneficiary ratio is 2.3/10,000. Conclusions: The national information of available physicians, especially in the private sector, should be improved. Immigration of physicians should be regulated, maintaining validation examinations and a National Medical Test to assess medical proficiency should be instituted.

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The aim of the present clinical investigation was to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid in the treatment of discrasies patients. In the study we observed that antifibrinolytic therapy with tranexamic acid used with ystemic therapy significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative bleeding

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In order to assess the effects of a Behavioral Treatment Program in the control of primary hypertension, twenty one unmedicated hypertensives were randomly allocated to three groups: first, a treatment group (BHG) receiving a Behavioral Treatment which included: deep muscle relaxation, peripheral temperature Biofeedback and anxiety management training; second, the placebo attention control group (PHG) and third, a control group of hypertensives too (CHG). Additionally, were compared with seven normotensives subjects (CNG). The post-treatment measures showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in systolic and diastolic values only in the (BHG). In a six months follow-up the (BHG) group still showed a significant reduction in the systolic and diastolic BP (p < 0.02; p < 0.01). Moreover individual variations in response to treatment were observed in this group, (BHG).

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A single daily dose of doxazosin taken during a 12-week period produced a significant reduction in blood pressure and left ventricular mass index in patients with mild or moderate hypertension. The systolic shortening coefficient was also increased and a trend in the improvement of ejection fraction, rate of circumferential fiber shortening, systolic contraction time, and preejective/ejective ratio was observed. No change in heart rate was recorded and no patients had side effects. The serum lipid profile was modified favorably, particularly with regard to the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. By producing a reduction in blood pressure and left ventricular mass while favorably modifying the serum lipid profile, doxazosin produced a beneficial change in the overall coronary heart disease risk profile.

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We have studied glucose tolerance under carefully controlled conditions in 79 patients with arterial hypertension. The results show that, in patients with arterial hypertension but without clinical diabetes mellitus, the glucose tolerance was abnormal in 77.3% and normal in 22.3%. The corresponding figure in the control group of normotensive subjects was 0%. In each test the responses to glucose administration were analyzed by plotting the logarithm of the blood glucose concentration against time. For the points between 60 and 120 min, corresponding to the periods following glucose administration, a linear relationship was obtained and showed a decline at an exponential rate, as noted by other observers. An estimate of the volume of distribution of glucose was obtained as follows. Values observed in hypertensives with a pathological percent fall in blood glucose per minute (Kg) were 29.8 +/- 12.0 (mean +/- SD) liters and those in normal subjects with normal Kg values had a mean of 14.35 +/- 2.98, the difference being highly significant (p less than 0.0001). The results of the theoretical glucose concentration are also presented. Those obtained from subjects with normal Kg values (359.0 +/- 58.4 mg/dl) are significantly higher than in subjects with pathological Kg values (257.6 +/- 51.3 mg/dl; p less than 0.0001). All patients with either pathological or normal Kg values had normal glucose concentration levels, fasting blood sugar and no glucose in the urine specimen. The difference between pathological Kg values (107.0 +/- 25.8 mg/dl) and normal Kg values (90.6 +/- 13.0 mg/dl) was not found to be statistically different (p greater than 0.05). The distribution and means of glucose half time in controls with normal Kg values and hypertensives with pathological Kg values were: 63.5 +/- 11.5 and 137.8 +/- 48.1 min, respectively. The difference between normal and pathological Kg values being statistically significant at a confidence level above 99.5%. We also studied the free glucose pool at zero time. A significantly higher level was found in hypertensives with pathological Kg values, again indicating an impairment in glucose metabolism in this group: 90.6 +/- 26.5 vs. 65.0 +/- 5.4 g (p less than 0.0001). Another study showed an estimate of the mean cellular glucose uptake (MCUg) per minute and per kilogram body weight. The MCUg following glucose loading decreased considerably in hypertensives with pathological Kg values. The percentage reduction ranged between 50 and 55% hypertensives with pathological Kg values 4.1 +/- 0.8, and normotensives with normal Kg values, 8.0 +/- 0.6 (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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