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A study was conducted to investigate the effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) and monensin sodium on the oxidative stability, colour, texture, and the fatty acid profile of lamb meat (m. Longissimus lumborum). Twenty Dorper x Pelibuey lambs were randomly divided into five treatments; control (CON), monensin sodium (SM, Rumensin 200® 33 mg/kg), a low level of OEO (LO, 0.2 g/kg dry matter (DM)), a medium level of OEO (MO, 0.3g/ kg DM), and a high level of OEO (HO, 0.4 g/kg DM). Dietary supplementation of OEO at any concentration lowered the compression strength in comparison with CON and SM. MO had the highest a* values (7.99) and fatty acid concentration (C16:1n7, C18:1n9c, C18:1n6c, C20:1n9, and C18:2n6c) during storage for 7 d at 3 °C. Lipid oxidation was not promoted (p > 0.05) by the moderated supplementation of oregano essential oil; however, OEO at 0.3 g/kg DM showed a slight lipid pro-oxidant effect. Dietary supplementation of MO and SM had the same effect on colour, tenderness, and the fatty acid profile of lamb (L. lumborum). It was demonstrated that oregano essential oil was beneficial for lambs feeding, and it could be a natural alternative to replace monensin in lamb diets with improvements in the quality of the meat.
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Soils near artisanal and small-scale gold mines (ASGM) have high arsenic (As) contents due to the presence of arsenopyrite in gold ores and accelerated accumulations due to mine wastes disposal practices and other mining activities. We determined the content and speciation to understand the fate and environmental risks of As accumulations in 24 bulk and 12 rhizosphere soil samples collected in the Virgen Del Rosario and the Rayo Rojo cooperative mines in the highlands of Bolivia. Mean total As contents in bulk and rhizosphere soils ranged from 13 to 64 mg kg(-1) and exceeded the soil environmental quality guidelines of Canada. Rhizosphere soils always contained at least twice the As contents in the bulk soil. Elemental mapping using 4×5 µm synchrotron-generated X-ray micro-beam revealed As accumulations in areas enriched with Fe. Results of As-X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (As-XANES) showed that only As(V) species was detectable in all samples regardless of As contents, size fractions and types of vegetation. Although the toxicity of As(V) is less than As(III), we suggest that As uptake of commonly-grazed vegetation by alpaca and llama must be determined to fully understand the environmental risks of high As in soils near ASGM in Bolivia. In addition, knowledge on the speciation of the As bio-accessible fraction will provide another useful information to better understand the fate and transfer of As from soils into the food chain in environments associated with the ASGM in Bolivia and other parts of the world.
Assuntos
Arsênio/análise , Ouro , Mineração , Rizosfera , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Solo/química , Bolívia , Ferro/análise , Espectroscopia por Absorção de Raios XRESUMO
Mercury releases from artisanal and small-scale gold mines (ASGM) condense and settle on plants, soils and water bodies. We collected soil and plant samples to add knowledge to the likely transfer of Hg from soils into plants and eventually predict Hg accumulation in livestock around ASGM in Bolivia. Mean contents of Hg in soils range from 0.5 to 48.6 mg Hg kg(-1) soil (5× to 60× more compared to control sites) and exceeded the soil Hg threshold levels in some European countries. The Hg contents ranged from 0.6 to 18 and 0.2 to 28.3 mg Hg kg(-1) leaf and root, respectively. The high Hg in Poaceae and Rosaceae may elevate Hg accumulation into the food chain because llama and alpaca solely thrive on these plants for food. Erosion of soils around ASGM in Bolivia contributes to the Hg contamination in lower reaches of the Amazon basin.
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Ouro , Mercúrio/análise , Mineração , Plantas/química , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Solo/química , Altitude , Bolívia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Folhas de Planta/química , Poaceae/química , Rosaceae/químicaRESUMO
Introducción: la hidrocefalia es una enfermedad con transmisión recesiva ligada al cromosoma X, y una tasa de recurrencia del 50 por ciento en los fetos masculinos. Es la forma más común genética de hidrocefalia congénita, con una incidencia de 1 / 30, 000 nacimientos de varones. Se caracteriza por la dilatación de los ventrículos laterales y el retraso mental, suelen ser graves. Caso clínico: recién nacido que al momento de su nacimiento se observa con macrocefalia evidente con antecedente familiar de un primo con el mismo problema, con igual cuadro clínico y la misma neuroimagen por lo que se diagnosticó una hidrocefalia ligada al cromosoma X. Conclusiones: el caso que se presentó por sus características clínicas y el estudio de scanner cerebral se pudo llegar a un diagnóstico de hidrocefalia ligada al cromosoma X o llamado síndrome de Bickers-Adams.
Introduction: hydrocephalus (HL) is a recessive transmission disease linked to X- chromosome. It presents a 50 % recurrence rate in male fetuses. It is the commonest form of congenital hydrocephalus, with an incidence of 1/30 000 male births. It is characterized by dilation of lateral ventricles and mental retardation, usually severe. Clinical case: a newborn at birth is observed with evident macrocephaly with a family history of a cousin with the same problem. X-linked hydrocephalus (HLX) was diagnosed. Conclusions: a case of X- linked hydrocephalus or Bickers-Adams syndrome was presented, diagnosed by their clinical characteristics and brain scanner study.
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Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 140 pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio egresados de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2010 hasta diciembre del 2011, a fin de caracterizarles según aspectos clinicoepidemiológicos y terapéuticos. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, sexo, factores de riesgo asociados, topografía, gradación de Killip y Kimball, complicaciones, tratamiento trombolítico y estado al egreso. En la casuística predominaron el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 60-69 años y el infarto de cara anterior. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial (60,0 %), la cardiopatía isquémica previa (44,3 %) y el hábito de fumar (30,0 %). Aunque hubo dificultades en la aplicación de la trombolisis, la mayoría de los afectados (85,7 %) egresaron con vida.
A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 140 patients with acute myocardial infarction discharged from the Intensive Care Unit of "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2010 to December, 2011, in order to characterize them according to clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects. Among the analyzed variables there were: age, sex, associated risk factors, topography, Killip and Kimball gradation, complications, thrombolytic treatment and state at discharge. Male sex, the age group 60-69 years and the heart attack of anterior aspect prevailed in the case material. The most frequent risk factors were hypertension (60.0 %), the previous ischemic cardiopathy (44.3 %) and the smoking habit (30.0 %). Although there were difficulties in the application of the thrombolysis, most of those affected (85.7 %) were discharged alive.
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BACKGROUND: In trauma patients surviving their initial injuries, infectious complications and multiple organ failure represent the major causes of death after the first 72 hours. Critically injured trauma patients frequently have bacteria recoverable simultaneously from multiple culture sites; the clinical significance of this event is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify the association between growth patterns of multiple site cultures and mortality among critically injured trauma patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review collecting demographic and medical data on admissions to a state-designated Level I trauma center from April 2000 to December 2002. The inclusion criteria were age >17 years, admission to the trauma intensive care unit (TICU), and simultaneous sampling of blood, sputum, and urine in the setting of fever of undetermined origin or alteration in the white blood cell count. Four mutually exclusive groups were developed according to the number of positive culture sites. We used standard statistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: During the study period, 3,402 patients were admitted to the trauma service of whom 124 met the inclusion criteria. Eighty percent of these (99) were male, and the average age was 41 years. The median TICU stay was 17 days. The mortality rate was 24.2% (30 nonsurvivors). The survivors and non-survivors were comparable in injury severity score (ISS), initial base deficit, initial hematocrit, initial blood pressure, and hospital length of stay (p > 0.05), whereas age (p = 0.03), female sex (p = 0.04), and TICU stay (p < 0.01) were higher among non-survivors. More non-survivors showed growth of microorganisms in simultaneous blood, sputum, and urine cultures (p = 0.02). By multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and TICU length of stay, patients with growth of microorganisms in simultaneous cultures (blood, sputum, and urine) had a 3-fold greater mortality rate (OR, 3.20; 95% CI 1.05, 9.73). CONCLUSIONS: In this group of patients, growth of bacteria in simultaneous cultures was associated with higher mortality-a factor that may be considered a poor prognostic indicator. This factor requires further studies to explore the relation with survival in critically injured patients.
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Infecções Bacterianas/complicações , Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Adulto , Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Sangue/microbiologia , Feminino , Febre , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Contagem de Leucócitos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Escarro/microbiologia , Estatística como Assunto , Centros de Traumatologia , Urina/microbiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidadeRESUMO
Temporary abdominal closure (TAC) has increasingly been employed in the management of severely injured patients to avoid abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and as part of damage control surgery (DCS). Although the use of TAC has received great interest, few data exist describing the morbidity and mortality associated with its use in trauma victims. The main goal of this study is to describe the incidence of surgical complications following the use of TAC as well as to define the mortality associated with this procedure. A retrospective review of patients admitted to a state-designated level 1 trauma center from April 2000 to February 2003 was performed. Inclusion criteria were age >18 years, traumatic injury, and need for exploratory laparotomy and use of TAC. A total of 120 patients were included in the study. The overall mortality of trauma patients requiring TAC was 59.2 per cent. The most common causes of death were acute inflammatory process (50.7%), followed by hypovolemic shock (43.7%). The incidence of surgical complications was 26.6 per cent. Intra-abdominal abscesses were the most frequent surgical complication (10%). After multiple logistic regression analysis, increasing age and a numerically greater initial base deficit were found to be independent predictors of mortality in trauma patients that require TAC.
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Traumatismos Abdominais/mortalidade , Traumatismos Abdominais/cirurgia , Causas de Morte , Laparotomia/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Traumatismos Abdominais/diagnóstico , Síndromes Compartimentais/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Laparotomia/métodos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Probabilidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Centros de TraumatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The radiologic study of choice for evaluation of traumatic arterial injuries is conventional arteriography, but it poses the risks of an invasive procedure. Computed tomographic arteriography (CTA) is emerging as a new way to study arterial anatomy, with the additional advantages of being noninvasive and a technique that allows evaluation of different body areas simultaneously. Our experience using CTA for evaluation of traumatic arterial injuries is provided in this study. METHODS: A retrospective review over a 22-month period of all adult patients undergoing CTA for evaluation of traumatic injuries to the extremities was performed. RESULTS: A total of 97 CTA studies were performed in the 95 patients. CTA adequately demonstrated the nature and location of all the arterial injuries when compared with conventional arteriography or surgical exploration. Abnormal CTA results included 21 arterial occlusions, 2 intimal flap defects, and 2 pseudoaneurysms. Nine of these 25 injuries were confirmed by surgery only, 10 by surgery and arteriography, and 6 by arteriography only. Normal CTA results were confirmed with arteriography in 10 cases. No missed injuries were encountered in patients with normal CTA results. CONCLUSION: CTA is a reliable technique for the detection and characterization of traumatic extremity arterial injuries. These results suggest CTA may be an alternative to conventional arteriography for the diagnosis of traumatic arterial injuries.
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Falso Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia , Traumatismos do Braço/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias/lesões , Extremidades/irrigação sanguínea , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Traumatismos da Perna/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada Espiral , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Ferimentos Penetrantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Amputação Cirúrgica , Falso Aneurisma/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Braço/cirurgia , Artérias/cirurgia , Fasciite Necrosante/diagnóstico por imagem , Fasciite Necrosante/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia/cirurgia , Traumatismos da Perna/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/cirurgia , Ferimentos Penetrantes/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission in their annual report (2001) of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) deaths and injuries concluded that in the late 1990s there had been a gradual increase in the number of deaths and injuries related to ATV collisions. The objective of our study was to describe the morbidity of four-wheel all-terrain vehicle collisions (ATVCs) and compare them with motorcycle collision (MCC) victims. METHODS: This was a 24-month (April 2000-November 2002) retrospective review of all trauma patients admitted. Statistical significance was defined at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 2,380 blunt trauma patients were admitted, of which 74 (3.1%) were ATVC victims and 169 (7.1%) were MCC victims. The average age was 23.9 +/- 9.4 years for ATVC victims and 29.1 +/- 11.5 years (p < 0.001) for MCC victims. The median Injury Severity Score was 16.0 for the ATVC group and 13 for the MCC group (p = 0.106). ATVC patients had a higher incidence of head and neck injuries (56%) than MCC patients (30%) (p < 0.001). The incidence of chest and abdominal injuries was similar between groups. Mortality occurred in 15 of 74 (20%) ATVC patients and 24 of 169 (14.2%) MCC patients (p = 0.236). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that ATVCs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. When compared with MCCs, ATVCs have similar mortality and a much higher incidence of head injuries. National tracking of ATVCs should be continued and improved in an effort to assist legislators in enacting laws protecting the riders of ATVs.