RESUMO
Introduction: According to the "Operational framework for the admission of psychiatric inpatients and for the delivery of mental health services" in force since 2001, a person can be hospitalized at a psychiatric service without their agreement if their mental disorder poses a risk for their own safety or for the safety of other people. Aim: To describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric inpatients hospitalized under the "administrative hospitalization" rule (a specific type of involuntary hospitalization) at the psychiatric service of the Clinica San Carlos de Apoquindo between the years 2006 and 2008. Methods: Data was obtained from the patients clinical recordings. Results: Most of 32 patients were young women, active workers, with bipolar disorder and history of suicide behavior and poor medication compliance. Discussion: Our study is a first step to characterize the involuntary psychiatric inpatients population hospitalized under the procedures regulated by Chilean legislation established since less than ten years.
Introducción: El "Reglamento para la internación de las personas con enfermedades mentales y sobre los establecimientos que la proporcionan" en vigencia desde 2001 establece que una persona sólo puede ser hospitalizada en un servicio psiquiátrico sin su consentimiento si como consecuencia de su patología psiquiátrica pone en riesgo su seguridad o la de terceros. Objetivo: Describir socio-demográfica y clínicamente a pacientes que fueron internados bajo el régimen de hospitalización administrativa (caso especial de la hospitalización involuntaria) en el servicio de psiquiatría de la Clínica San Carlos de Apoquindo. Métodos: Se revisó retrospectivamente los registros clínicos de todos los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados involuntariamente entre los años 2006 y 2008. Resultados: Se describen 32 casos, principalmente mujeres jóvenes con trabajo activo al momento de la hospitalización, con diagnóstico de trastorno bipolar y con historia de intentos de suicidio previos y mala adherencia al tratamiento. Discusión: El presente estudio representa un avance en la caracterización de la población de pacientes psiquiátricos que se hospitalizan involuntariamente dentro del marco legal establecido en Chile hace menos de una década.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Internação Compulsória de Doente Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Chile , Hospitalização , Internação Compulsória de Doente Mental/legislação & jurisprudência , Admissão do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Cupriavidus necator JMP134(pJP4) is able to grow on 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB), a model chloroaromatic pollutant. Catabolism of 3-CB is achieved via the expression of the chromosomally encoded benABCD genes and the tfd genes from plasmid pJP4. Since passive diffusion of benzoic acid derivatives at physiological pH is negligible, the uptake of this compound should be facilitated by a transport system. However, no transporter has so far been described to perform this function, and identification of chloroaromatic compound transporters has been limited. In this work, uptake experiments using 3-[ring-UL-(14)C]CB showed an inducible transport system in strain JMP134, whose expression is activated by 3-CB and benzoate. A similar level of 3-CB uptake was found for a mutant strain of JMP134, defective in chlorobenzoate degradation, indicating that metabolic drag is not an important component of the measured uptake rate. Competitive inhibitor assays showed that uptake of 3-CB was inhibited by benzoate and, to a lesser degree, by 3-CB and 3,5-dichlorobenzoate, but not by any of 12 other substituted benzoates tested. The expression of several gene candidates for this transport function was analysed by RT-PCR, including both permease-type and ABC-type ATP-dependent transporters. Induction of a chromosomally encoded putative permease transporter (benP gene) was found specifically in the presence of 3-CB or benzoate. A benP knockout mutant of strain JMP134 displayed an almost complete loss of 3-CB transport activity. This is to our knowledge the first report of a 3-CB transporter.