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PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical features in patients with presumed ocular tuberculosis (TB) and determine prognostic factors of visual outcomes and complications in this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective case series of 35 patients (29 females, 6 males) with presumed ocular TB from referral centers in Chile and Spain between 2002 and 2012. Medical records were reviewed, and data regarding clinical features, complications, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), duration of disease, extraocular manifestations, and therapy were retrieved. Prognostic factors for low vision (BCVA 20/50 or less), legal blindness (BCVA 20/200 or less), and complications (cataract, glaucoma, and macular lesion) were evaluated. To calculate correlations, we used Spearman's rank correlation test. To determine clinical predictors, we used the binary logistic regression test. RESULTS: Anterior and non-granulomatous uveitis was the most common types of inflammation. Only 2 (5.7%) patients had respiratory symptoms, and 6 (17.1%) patients had an abnormal chest X-ray at diagnosis. All patients received combined antitubercular therapy with a mean duration of 6.9 ± 2.3 months. A longer duration of symptoms at diagnosis was associated with both low vision and legal blindness. Older patients had a higher risk of legal blindness. A longer duration of symptoms as well as anterior inflammation demonstrated an increased risk for cataract formation. The duration of the symptoms and baseline BCVA had a positive correlation with the final BCVA. Prognostic factors of macular lesions were not found. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of ocular TB can be difficult due to the lack of extraocular manifestations and the broad spectrum of ocular features. A longer duration of symptoms at diagnosis was associated with poorer visual outcomes and cataracts. Therefore, efforts should be made to avoid a delay in the diagnosis of ocular TB and to identify prognostic factors for visual outcomes and complications.

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PURPOSE: To determine the performance of T-SPOT.TB, an interferon gamma release assay test, in patients with ocular tuberculosis (TB) in a BCG-vaccinated, non-endemic population. METHODS: We employed a nested case-control design. In total, 45 subjects were enrolled (23 patients with ocular tuberculosis and 22 patients with other causes of uveitis). A blood sample was collected from each subject, and T-SPOT.TB was executed. Laboratory professionals were blinded to the disease status of each subject. RESULTS: Five patients were excluded because of indeterminate results. The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 0.80 and 0.85, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 5.33 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.23. The overall accuracy of the test was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: T-SPOT.TB adequately diagnosed ocular TB. This technique is particularly useful in populations where BCG vaccinations are still mandatory.

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Introducción: La retinopatía diabética (RD) es una microangiopatía progresiva a nivel retinal que aparece como complicación de la diabetes y es una delas principales causas de ceguera en el mundo. En los diabéticos la principal causa de pérdida visual es el edema macular diabético (EMD). Presentamos un trabajo cuyo objetivo es describir la prevalencia de RD y subtipos y EMD en una población de pacientes diabéticos en un centro de atención primaria del país. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo realizado en un grupo de 468 pacientes diabéticos del CESFAM Cordillera Andina de Los Andes, sometidos a examen anual de fondo de ojo. Los parámetros analizados en este estudio fueron: sexo, edad, años de diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus(DM), presencia de RD y subtipos y EMD. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de RD de 24,78 por ciento. El grupo etario entre los 50-70 años presentó la mayor prevalencia de RD mientras que el 51,7 por ciento de pacientes con RD tenía 10 o más años de diagnóstico de DM2. El subtipo más frecuente fue la RD no proliferativa (RDNP) leve(37,1 por ciento). La prevalencia de EMD fue 3,8 por ciento. Conclusiones: Se aportan nuevos datos a la escasa literatura nacional disponible, destacando la medición de prevalencia de EMD.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive microangiopathy at the retinal level which appears as a complication of diabetes and is a major cause of blindness in the world. In diabetics, the leading cause of visual loss is diabetic macular edema (DME). We present a study which aims to determine the prevalence of DR and subtypes and DME in a population of diabetic patients in a primary care center of the country. Materials and Methods: Transversal descriptive study carried out in a group of 468 diabetic patients of Cordillera Andina from Los Andes Family Health Center (CESFAM), who underwent an annual fundoscopy. The factors analyzed in this study were: sex, age, years of diagnosis of diabetes, presence of DR and subtypes and DME. Results: We found a prevalence of DR of 24.78 percent. The most frequent subtype was mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (37.1 percent). The age group between 50-70 years old showed the biggest prevalence, while 51.7 percent of patients with DR had ten or more years of diagnosis of diabetes. DME prevalence was 3.8 percent. Conclusions: This study provides new data to add to the limited available national literature, highlighting the prevalence of DME measurement.

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