RESUMO
We determined the accuracy of distensibility index of inferior vena cava (dIVC) for evaluation of fluid responsiveness in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and validated this index for use in rat models. In protocol 1, E. coli lipopolysaccharide was administered in Wistar rats (n=7). After 24h, animals were mechanically ventilated, and stroke volume (SV) and dIVC quantified after blood drainage and subsequent volume expansion (albumin 20%). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to determine the optimal dIVC cutoff. In protocol 2, rats (n=10) were divided into fluid-responders (SV increase >5%) and nonresponders (SV increase <5%). The dIVC cutoff obtained from protocol 1 was 25%. Fluid responders had a 2.5 relative risk of low dIVC (<25%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for dIVC were 74%, 62%, 59%, and 76%, respectively. In conclusion, a dIVC threshold <25% was associated with positive response after volume expansion and could be used to titrate fluids in endotoxin-induced ARDS.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/patologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/fisiopatologia , Veia Cava Inferior/fisiopatologia , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Curva ROC , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia , Veia Cava Inferior/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a fluctuation of heart period that occurs during a respiratory cycle. It has been suggested that inspiratory heart period acceleration and expiratory deceleration during spontaneous ventilation (henceforth named positive RSA) improve the efficiency of gas exchange compared to the absence or the inversion of such a pattern (negative RSA). During mechanical ventilation (MV), for which maximizing the efficiency of gas exchange is of critical importance, the pattern of RSA is still the object of debate. In order to gain a better insight into this matter, we compared five different methods of RSA classification using the data of five mechanically ventilated piglets. The comparison was repeated using the data of 15 volunteers undergoing a protocol of paced spontaneous breathing, which is expected to result in a positive RSA pattern. The results showed that the agreement between the employed methods is limited, suggesting that the lack of a consensus about the RSA pattern during MV is, at least in part, of methodological origin. However, independently of the method used, the pattern of RSA within the respiratory cycle was not consistent among the subjects and conditions of MV considered. Also, the outcomes showed that even during paced spontaneous breathing a negative RSA pattern might be present, when a low respiratory frequency is imposed.
Assuntos
Arritmia Sinusal/classificação , Arritmia Sinusal/terapia , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Respiração , Mecânica Respiratória/fisiologia , Adulto , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Arritmia Sinusal/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Testes de Função Respiratória/normas , Suínos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cortes histológicos de 120 mexilhões Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758), coletados na Lagoa de Itaipu, Niterói,RJ, por um período de 12 meses, foram examinados quanto a presença de parasitas e lesões. Noventa exemplares apresentaram cinco diferentes processos patológicos: bucefalose, presença de protozoários Nematopsis sp., inclusões basofílicas não específicas, encapsulamentos parasitários e cistos epiteliais branquiais. Cinquenta animais mostraval duas ou mais patologias concomitantes (AU)
Histologic sections of 120 mussels Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758), from Itaipu Lagoon, Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were examined for the presence of parasites and lesions during a period of 12 months. Ninety mussels showed five different pathological processes: bucephalosis, protozoan Nematopsis sp., basophilic non-specific inclusions, parasitic encapsulations and ctenidia epithelial cysts. Fifty animals presented two or more pathological processes at the same time. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bivalves , Parasitos , Histologia , PatologiaRESUMO
Cortes histológicos de 120 mexilhöes Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758), coletados na Lagoa de Itaipu, Niterói,RJ, por um período de 12 meses, foram examinados quanto a presença de parasitas e lesöes. Noventa exemplares apresentaram cinco diferentes processos patológicos: bucefalose, presença de protozoários Nematopsis sp., inclusöes basofílicas näo específicas, encapsulamentos parasitários e cistos epiteliais branquiais. Cinquenta animais mostraval duas ou mais patologias concomitantes
Assuntos
Animais , Histologia , Bivalves , Parasitos , PatologiaRESUMO
A posterior crossbite malocclusion is defined as an abnormal buccolingual relationship. One or more maxillary teeth improperly occludes with one or more mandibular teeth in centric relation. This alteration develops early and is seldom self-correcting. This study is a report of the benefits of treating posterior cross-bite malocclusions in mixed dentitions using removable appliances.