RESUMO
PURPOSE: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) incidence is high in South America, where recent data on survival are sparse. We investigated the main predictors of HNSCC survival in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Colombia. METHODS: Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was obtained from standardized interviews, and clinicopathologic data were extracted from medical records and pathologic reports. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Of 1,463 patients, 378 had a larynx cancer (LC), 78 hypopharynx cancer (HC), 599 oral cavity cancer (OC), and 408 oropharynx cancer (OPC). Most patients (55.5%) were diagnosed with stage IV disease, ranging from 47.6% for LC to 70.8% for OPC. Three-year survival rates were 56.0% for LC, 54.7% for OC, 48.0% for OPC, and 37.8% for HC. In multivariable models, patients with stage IV disease had approximately 7.6 (LC/HC), 11.7 (OC), and 3.5 (OPC) times higher mortality than patients with stage I disease. Current and former drinkers with LC or HC had approximately 2 times higher mortality than never-drinkers. In addition, older age at diagnosis was independently associated with worse survival for all sites. In a subset analysis of 198 patients with OPC with available human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 data, those with HPV-unrelated OPC had a significantly worse 3-year survival compared with those with HPV-related OPC (44.6% v 75.6%, respectively), corresponding to a 3.4 times higher mortality. CONCLUSION: Late stage at diagnosis was the strongest predictor of lower HNSCC survival. Early cancer detection and reduction of harmful alcohol use are fundamental to decrease the high burden of HNSCC in South America.
Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Idoso , Argentina , Brasil/epidemiologia , Colômbia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , UruguaiRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The tumor protein p53 (TP53) arginine-to-histidine mutation at codon 337 (R337H) predisposes children to adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) and, rarely, to other childhood tumors, but its impact on adult cancer remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and types of cancer in relatives of children with ACT who carry the TP53 R337H mutation. METHODS: TP53 R337H testing was offered to relatives of probands with ACT. The parental lineage segregating the R337H mutation was identified in all families. The frequency and distribution of cancer types were compared according to R337H status. The authors' data also were compared with those publicly available for children with TP53 mutations other than R337H. RESULTS: The mean and median follow-up times for the probands with ACT were 11.2 years and 9.7 years (range, 3-32 years), respectively. During this time, cancer was diagnosed in 12 of 81 first-degree relatives (14.8%) carrying the R337H mutation but in only 1 of 94 noncarriers (1.1%; P = .0022). At age 45 years, the cumulative risk of cancer was 21% (95% confidence interval, 5%-33%) in carriers and 2% (95% confidence interval, 0%-4%) in noncarriers (P = .008). The frequency of cancer was higher in the R337H segregating lineages than in the nonsegregating lineages (249 of 1410 vs 66 of 984 individuals; P < .001). Breast and gastric cancer were the most common types. CONCLUSIONS: TP53 R337H carriers have a lifelong predisposition to cancer with a bimodal age distribution: 1 peak, represented by ACT, occurs in the first decade of life, and another peak of diverse cancer types occurs in the fifth decade. The current findings have implications for genetic counseling and surveillance of R337H carriers. Cancer 2017;123:3150-58. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Córtex Suprarrenal/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Família , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Feocromocitomas são tumores malignos raros que sintetizam, armazenam e secretam catecolaminas. 85 por cento destes localizam-se na supra-renal. Freqüentemente são passíveis de ressecção curativa. Entretanto, a extirpação desses tumores pode ser potencialmente fatal devido às alterações hemodinâmicas agudas e severas que podem ocorrer no perioperatório. A cirurgia videolaparoscópica é o tratamento de eleição, permitindo uma manipulação menos traumática do tumor e acesso à veia adrenal com menor liberação de catecolaminas. Entretanto, a produção do pneumoperitônio pode levar ao aumento destas.O manejo anestésico no pré e perioperatório continua sendo um desafio, pois as alterações hemodinâmicas variam de um paciente para outro, independente do preparo prévio. Relatamos o caso de um paciente jovem com tumor na supra-renal direita, internado com quadro de pouca repercussão clínica, no qual não foram utilizados bloqueadores adrenérgicos no pré-operatório. As alterações cardiovasculares que ocorrem durante a confecção do pneumoperitônio para ressecção da massa tumoral foram prontamente controladas com o vasodilatador nitroprussiato de sódio e o beta-bloqueador esmolol.Uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as várias técnicas anestésicas e monitorização empregadas no perioperatório foi realizada.