RESUMO
We hypothesized that the coasting time may be beneficial to the quality of cumulus-oocyte complexes recovered from live ewes, as reported in cattle. The present study assessed the effect of coasting times on the quantity and quality of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) in sheep. All ewes were subjected to the "Day 0 protocol", followed by an ovarian stimulation (80 mg of pFSH in three decreasing doses), varying only the coasting time [12 (G12), 36 (G36), or 60 h (G60]. In Experiment 1, data regarding follicular population was assessed. In Experiment 2, the COC quality was checked by their morphology, brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test, evaluation of chromatin condensation pattern, and oocyte diameter. In Experiment 3, genes related to oocyte developmental competence were evaluated in BCB + COCs. The oocytes in the G60 group had more (P < 0.05) large follicles than the other groups and oocytes with a greater diameter than the G12. Oocyte morphology was similar (P > 0.05) among groups, as well as the BCB + COCs quantity. The G60-oocytes presented a better (P < 0.05) configuration of chromatin condensation compared with the other groups and a greater (P < 0.05) gene expression of BMP15, MATER, ZAR1, and PTGS2 compared with G12, and PTGS2 and HAS2 compared with G36 group. In conclusion, 60 h of coasting time positively affects the quality of COCs recovered after subjecting ewes to the "Day 0 protocol" and ovarian superstimulation. Implementing the appropriate coasting time to a given protocol can positively impact the in vitro embryo production outcomes in sheep.
Assuntos
Cromatina , Ovinos , Animais , Feminino , BovinosRESUMO
There is still no consensus regarding the best protocol for in vivo embryo production in sheep despite increasing studies in this area. Moreover, there is variability in the response of ewes to superovulation (SOV). An approach to mitigate this inconsistency is to initiate gonadotropin administration under favorable ovarian conditions. The present study compared three treatments in a crossover design: a traditional SOV protocol (TRAD) and "Day 0" D0 SOV protocol with (D0+GnRH), or without Lecilerin (D0-GnRH). Fifteen Santa Inês ewes received 200 mg of FSH at six decreasing doses and PGF2α with the fifth dose of FSH. They were naturally mated with fertile rams and subjected to surgical embryo collection. The number of viable embryos was similar among the different treatments (TRAD = 6.0 ± 4.7; D0-GnRH = 3.8 ± 6.4; D0+GnRH = 7.5 ± 6.5). Regardless of the treatment method, ewes with follicles ≤ 4 mm, at the first FSH dose, produced more viable embryos (9.6 ± 6.0, P < 0.05) compared to ewes that had follicles > 4 mm at the beginning of the SOV (2.9 ± 3.1, viable embryos). Both the TRAD and D0+GnRH groups had fewer animals with large follicles (> 4 mm) at the first FSH dose than the D0-GnRH group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both the TRAD and D0+GnRH treatments induced a more favorable ovarian condition (follicles ≤ 4 mm) for adequate SOV; although, all three treatments exhibited similar efficacies in Santa Inês sheep.
Ainda não há consenso sobre qual é o protocolo mais apropriado para a produção in vivo de embriões em ovinos, apesar do crescente conhecimento. Uma abordagem para mitigar a variabilidade de resposta de ovelhas à superovulação (SOV) é iniciar a aplicação de gonadotrofinas em uma condição ovariana favorável. O presente estudo comparou três tratamentos em delineamento do tipo crossover: protocolo de SOV tradicional (TRAD) e "Dia 0" D0 SOV sem (D0-GnRH) ou com GnRH (D0+GnRH). Quinze ovelhas Santa Inês foram superovuladas com 200 mg de FSH em seis doses decrescentes e receberam PGF2α na quinta dose de FSH. As ovelhas foram submetidas a monta natural com carneiros férteis e os embriões colhidos por via cirúrgica. O número de embriões viáveis não diferiu entre os tratamentos (TRAD = 6,0 ± 4,7; D0-GnRH = 3,8 ± 6,4; D0+GnRH = 7,5 ± 6,5). Independentemente do tratamento, ovelhas com folículos ≤ 4 mm na primeira dose de FSH produziram mais embriões viáveis (9,6 ± 6,0; P < 0.05) quando comparadas aos animais que apresentavam folículos > 4 mm no início da SOV (2,9 ± 3,1 embriões viáveis). Os grupos TRAD e D0+GnRH apresentaram menor número de animais com folículos grandes (> 4 mm), no momento da primeira dose de FSH, quando comparados ao grupo D0-GnRH (P < 0,05). Em conclusão, os protocolos TRAD e D0+GnRH induziram uma condição ovariana mais favorável (folículos ≤ 4 mm) para a SOV. No entanto, os três tratamentos apresentaram eficiência semelhante em ovelhas Santa Inês.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Superovulação , Ovinos/embriologia , Hormônio Liberador de GonadotropinaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric effects of epidural ketamine and its associations with morphine and xylazine in ewes submitted to transcervical cervix transposition with a hegar dilator. Ten Santa Inês breed ewes were studied in a cross over model study where three epidural protocols (GK = ketamine 2.0 mg kg-1; GKM = ketamine 2.0 mg kg-1 + morphine 0.1 mg kg-1; GKX = ketamine 2.0 mg kg-1 + xylazine 0.05 mg kg-1) were compared among each other and with a control treatment (GS= saline 1 mL/7.5 kg). The assessed variables were heart rate, respiratory frequency, ear temperature, non-invasive blood pressure and hemogasometric analysis. All parameters were assessed at baseline and then ewes were sedated with an association of acepromazine (0.1 mg kg -1) and diazepam (0.2 mg kg -1). Ten minutes after sedation all parameters were reassessed and afterwards the epidural injections were performed. Hemogasometry was repeated at 15 and 30 minutes after epidural and the other parameters assessed at 05, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after epidural. GKX showed a slight respiratory depression with lower levels of PO2 and a compensatory increase in respiratory frequency. GKM presented the lower temperature mean. All protocols showed few cardiorespiratory effects when compared with control. Epidural with 2.0 mg kg-1 ketamine isolated was considered the best opti
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos da cetamina peridural e suas associações com morfina e xilazina em ovelhas submetidas à manipulação uterina por via transcervical. Foram estudadas dez ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Três protocolos epidurais foram avaliados: (GK = cetamina 2,0 mg kg−1, GKM = cetamina 2,0 mg kg−1 + morfina 0,1 mg kg−1, GKX = cetamina 2,0 mg kg−1 + xilazina 0,05 mg kg−1). Os três protocolos foram comparados entre si e com um tratamento controle (GS = solução salina 1 mL/7,5kg). As variáveis avaliadas foram frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, temperatura auricular, pressão arterial não-invasiva além da análise hemogasométrica. Todos os parâmetros foram avaliados no momento basal e em seguida as ovelhas foram sedadas com associação de acepromazina (0,1 mg kg−1) e diazepam (0,2 mg kg−1). Dez minutos após a sedação, todos os parâmetros foram novamente avaliados e foram realizadas as injeções peridurais. A hemogasometria foi repetida aos 15 e 30 minutos após a peridural e os outros parâmetros avaliados aos 05, 15, 30, 45, e 60 minutos após a peridural. O GKX mostrou sinais de hipoxemia com menores níveis de pO2 e um aumento compensatório na frequência respiratória. O GKM apresentou a média de temperatura mais baixa. Todos os protocolos apresentaram poucos efeitos cardiorrespiratórios em relação ao controle. O protocolo epidural com 2,0 mg kg−1 de cetamina foi considerado a melhor opção para procedimentos curtos como manipulações obstétricas em ovinos devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória quando comparado com os protocolos que utilizaram associações.
Assuntos
Animais , Anestesia/veterinária , Ketamina , Morfina , Ovinos/anatomia & histologia , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , XilazinaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric effects of epidural ketamine and its associations with morphine and xylazine in ewes submitted to transcervical cervix transposition with a hegar dilator. Ten Santa Inês breed ewes were studied in a cross over model study where three epidural protocols (GK = ketamine 2.0 mg kg-1; GKM = ketamine 2.0 mg kg-1 + morphine 0.1 mg kg-1; GKX = ketamine 2.0 mg kg-1 + xylazine 0.05 mg kg-1) were compared among each other and with a control treatment (GS= saline 1 mL/7.5 kg). The assessed variables were heart rate, respiratory frequency, ear temperature, non-invasive blood pressure and hemogasometric analysis. All parameters were assessed at baseline and then ewes were sedated with an association of acepromazine (0.1 mg kg -1) and diazepam (0.2 mg kg -1). Ten minutes after sedation all parameters were reassessed and afterwards the epidural injections were performed. Hemogasometry was repeated at 15 and 30 minutes after epidural and the other parameters assessed at 05, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after epidural. GKX showed a slight respiratory depression with lower levels of PO2 and a compensatory increase in respiratory frequency. GKM presented the lower temperature mean. All protocols showed few cardiorespiratory effects when compared with control. Epidural with 2.0 mg kg-1 ketamine isolated was considered the best opti
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos da cetamina peridural e suas associações com morfina e xilazina em ovelhas submetidas à manipulação uterina por via transcervical. Foram estudadas dez ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Três protocolos epidurais foram avaliados: (GK = cetamina 2,0 mg kg−1, GKM = cetamina 2,0 mg kg−1 + morfina 0,1 mg kg−1, GKX = cetamina 2,0 mg kg−1 + xilazina 0,05 mg kg−1). Os três protocolos foram comparados entre si e com um tratamento controle (GS = solução salina 1 mL/7,5kg). As variáveis avaliadas foram frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, temperatura auricular, pressão arterial não-invasiva além da análise hemogasométrica. Todos os parâmetros foram avaliados no momento basal e em seguida as ovelhas foram sedadas com associação de acepromazina (0,1 mg kg−1) e diazepam (0,2 mg kg−1). Dez minutos após a sedação, todos os parâmetros foram novamente avaliados e foram realizadas as injeções peridurais. A hemogasometria foi repetida aos 15 e 30 minutos após a peridural e os outros parâmetros avaliados aos 05, 15, 30, 45, e 60 minutos após a peridural. O GKX mostrou sinais de hipoxemia com menores níveis de pO2 e um aumento compensatório na frequência respiratória. O GKM apresentou a média de temperatura mais baixa. Todos os protocolos apresentaram poucos efeitos cardiorrespiratórios em relação ao controle. O protocolo epidural com 2,0 mg kg−1 de cetamina foi considerado a melhor opção para procedimentos curtos como manipulações obstétricas em ovinos devido à estabilidade cardiorrespiratória quando comparado com os protocolos que utilizaram associações.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/anatomia & histologia , Morfina , Xilazina , Ketamina , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Anestesia/veterináriaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to compare cardiovascular and respiratory effects of two volumes of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.2 mL kg-1-treatment BUP02-and 0.4 mL kg-1 -treatment BUP04) administered epidurally at the lumbosacral intervertebral space in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. This experimental prospective randomized crossover design trial used six mixed breed adult dogs, four neutered males and two spayed females. Each dog was anesthetized on three different occasions: the first for isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) measurement, and the following two assigned treatments (BUP02 or BUP04). On the two treatment days, anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane at 1.3 MAC during the experiments. Cardiovascular and respiratory measurements were recorded before (T0) and 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the epidural administration of bupivacaine. Comparisons between and within groups were performed by a mixed-model ANOVA and Friedman's test when appropriate followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test or Dunnet's test to compare time points within each treatment with T0 (p < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure decreased significantly from 15 to 90 minutes after the administration of BUP02 and from 5 to 60 minutes in BUP04, with lower values in BUP04 than in BUP02 lasting up to 30 minutes after bupivacaine administration. No significant changes in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were observed in either treatment. Hypoventilation was only detected in BUP04. Hemoglobin concentration and arterial oxygen content decreased after both treatment of bupivacaine with no significant decrease in oxygen delivery. Two dogs in BUP04 developed Horner's syndrome. The epidural administration of 0.4 mL.kg-1 of bupivacaine to dogs in sternal recumbency anesthetized with isoflurane 1.3 MAC caused more cardiovascular and respiratory depression than 0.2 mL.kg-1.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Inalatórios/farmacologia , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Bupivacaína/farmacologia , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Isoflurano/farmacologia , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacos , Anestesia Epidural , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Testes de Função RespiratóriaRESUMO
Objectives Three infusion rates of remifentanil were used in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. The aim of this study was to identify a dosage regimen that would provide optimal anesthetic and surgical conditions, as well as to compare cardiovascular response to surgical stimulation, postoperative analgesia, anesthetic duration and quality of recovery among the tested remifentanil infusion rates. Methods Twenty-seven client-owned, mixed-breed adult healthy female cats were randomized to receive remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min (REMI01), remifentanil 0.2 µg/kg/min (REMI02) or remifentanil 0.4 µg/kg/min (REMI04). After premedication with acepromazine and induction of anesthesia with propofol, cats were mechanically ventilated and anesthesia was maintained at approximately 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane (1.63% end-tidal isoflurane [ETISO]). Remifentanil infusion rate was increased or decreased by 20% if blood pressure had increased or decreased by 20% from previous values. Pulse rate (PR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), esophageal temperature, pulse oximetry, end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 and ETISO were recorded at different time points during surgery. Meloxicam was administered before the end of surgery. Data within each treatment group were analyzed using a mixed-model ANOVA and Friedman's test followed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Bonferroni or Dunnett's post-hoc tests were used. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post-hoc test were used to compare data between groups; significance was set at P <0.05. Results Time to sternal recumbency and time to standing were significantly longer in REMI04 than in the other groups. SAP was higher when compared with baseline in REMI01 and REMI02 groups than in REMI04. No significant difference in PR among groups was observed. One cat in REMI01 and another in REMI02 required postoperative rescue analgesia. Conclusion and relevance The dosage regimen of 0.4 µg/kg/min seemed to be the most appropriate to be used in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy and anesthetized with 1.0 MAC of isoflurane.
Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Anestesia/veterinária , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/veterinária , Remifentanil/administração & dosagem , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Animais , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Gatos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Histerectomia/veterinária , Isoflurano/administração & dosagem , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
End-to-end anastomosis in the treatment for bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been associated with stricture formation. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the effect of oral tamoxifen (tmx) treatment on fibrosis, collagen content and transforming growth factor-ß1, -ß2 and -ß3 expression in common bile duct anastomosis of pigs. Twenty-six pigs were divided into three groups [sham (n = 8), control (n = 9) and tmx (n = 9)]. The common bile ducts were transected and anastomosed in the control and tmx groups. Tmx (40 mg/day) was administered orally to the tmx group, and the animals were euthanized after 60 days. Fibrosis was analysed by Masson's trichrome staining. Picrosirius red was used to quantify the total collagen content and collagen type I/III ratio. mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, -ß2 and -ß3 was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The control and study groups exhibited higher fibrosis than the sham group, and the study group showed lower fibrosis than the control group (P = 0.011). The control and tmx groups had higher total collagen content than the sham group (P = 0.003). The collagen type I/III ratio was higher in the control group than in the sham and tmx groups (P = 0.015). There were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of TGF-ß1, -ß2 and -ß3 among the groups (P > 0.05). Tmx decreased fibrosis and prevented the change in collagen type I/III ratio caused by the procedure.
Assuntos
Anastomose Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Ducto Colédoco/patologia , Ducto Colédoco/cirurgia , Tamoxifeno/uso terapêutico , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/biossíntese , Animais , Ducto Colédoco/lesões , Ducto Colédoco/metabolismo , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Fibrose , Masculino , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Sus scrofa , Tamoxifeno/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/biossíntese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2/biossíntese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta3/biossíntese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta3/genética , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: Based on a literature review and on our own experience, this study proposes sheep as an experimental model to evaluate the bioactive capacity of bone substitute biomaterials, dental implant systems and orthopedics devices. The literature review covered relevant databases available on the Internet from 1990 until to date, and was supplemented by our own experience. Methods: For its resemblance in size and weight to humans, sheep are quite suitable for use as an experimental model. However, information about their utility as an experimental model is limited. The different stages involving sheep experiments were discussed, including the care during breeding and maintenance of the animals obtaining specimens for laboratory processing, and highlighting the unnecessary euthanasia of animals at the end of study, in accordance to the guidelines of the 3Rs Program. Results: All experiments have been completed without any complications regarding the animals and allowed us to evaluate hypotheses and explain their mechanisms. Conclusion: The sheep is an excellent animal model for evaluation of biomaterial for bone regeneration and dental implant osseointegration. From an ethical point of view, one sheep allows for up to 12 implants per animal, permitting to keep them alive at the end of the experiments. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare isoflurane minimum alveolar concentrations (MACs) in dogs determined using three intensities of constant-current electrical stimulation applied at the tail, and thoracic and pelvic limbs, and to compare isoflurane MACs obtained with all combinations of electrical stimulation and anatomic site with those obtained using the tail clamp as the noxious stimulus. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized trial. ANIMALS: Six mixed-breed, adult female dogs aged 1-2 years and weighing 11.1 ± 4.4 kg. METHODS: In each dog, MAC was determined by the bracketing method with the tail clamp (MACTAILCLAMP ), and three electrical currents (10 mA, 30 mA, 50 mA) at three anatomic sites (thoracic limb, pelvic limb, tail). Each MAC achieved with electrical stimulation was compared with MACTAILCLAMP using a mixed-model anova and Dunnett's procedure for multiple comparisons. The effects of current intensity and anatomic site on isoflurane MAC were tested using a mixed-model anova followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Mean MACTAILCLAMP was 1.69%. MACs achieved with currents of 30 mA and 50 mA did not differ independently of anatomic site. When currents of 10 mA were applied to the tail and thoracic limb, resulting MACs were lower than those obtained using currents of 30 mA and 50 mA. Currents of 30 mA and 50 mA provided MACs that did not differ from those of MACTAILCLAMP , whereas a current of 10 mA achieved the same result only for the pelvic limb. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Isoflurane MAC is affected by current intensity and anatomic site. Current intensities of 30 mA and 50 mA provided consistent results when applied to the tail, and thoracic and pelvic limbs that did not differ from those obtained using the tail clamp. Consequently, they can be used in place of the tail clamp in MAC studies in dogs.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Inalatórios/análise , Cães/metabolismo , Isoflurano/análise , Alvéolos Pulmonares/metabolismo , Animais , Estimulação Elétrica , Extremidades , Feminino , CaudaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Based on a literature review and on our own experience, this study proposes sheep as an experimental model to evaluate the bioactive capacity of bone substitute biomaterials, dental implant systems and orthopedics devices. The literature review covered relevant databases available on the Internet from 1990 until to date, and was supplemented by our own experience. METHODS: For its resemblance in size and weight to humans, sheep are quite suitable for use as an experimental model. However, information about their utility as an experimental model is limited. The different stages involving sheep experiments were discussed, including the care during breeding and maintenance of the animals obtaining specimens for laboratory processing, and highlighting the unnecessary euthanasia of animals at the end of study, in accordance to the guidelines of the 3Rs Program. RESULTS: All experiments have been completed without any complications regarding the animals and allowed us to evaluate hypotheses and explain their mechanisms. CONCLUSION: The sheep is an excellent animal model for evaluation of biomaterial for bone regeneration and dental implant osseointegration. From an ethical point of view, one sheep allows for up to 12 implants per animal, permitting to keep them alive at the end of the experiments. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.
Assuntos
Anestesia Epidural/veterinária , Bupivacaína/efeitos adversos , Sistema Cardiovascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Hipoventilação/veterinária , Isoflurano , Animais , Bupivacaína/administração & dosagem , Bupivacaína/farmacologia , Cães , Hipoventilação/induzido quimicamente , MasculinoAssuntos
Acepromazina/efeitos adversos , Sedação Profunda/veterinária , Diazepam/administração & dosagem , Hematócrito/veterinária , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Ovinos , Xilazina/administração & dosagem , Animais , Sedação Profunda/efeitos adversos , Sedação Profunda/métodos , Diazepam/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/efeitos adversos , Injeções Epidurais/veterinária , Ketamina/efeitos adversos , Morfina/efeitos adversos , Ovinos/sangue , Xilazina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do sombreamento e o incrustamento de sementes sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de cultivares de Panicum maximum. O experimento foi realizado no ano de 2011 no setor de Fitotecnia da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade de Aquidauana, sendo o solo da área classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico. Foram utilizadas sementes convencionais, com alta pureza física, e sementes incrustadas compostas de material colante de macro e micronutrientes. Utilizaram-se três cultivares de P. maximum: Tanzânia, Mombaça e Massai. Os ambientes de cultivo consistiram de pleno sol (A1) e casa de vegetação com 50% de sombreamento (A2). Por não haver repetições dos ambientes, cada um foi considerado um experimento. Para cada ambiente de cultivo, foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois tipos de sementes x três cultivares), com quatro repetições, realizando análises de variâncias individuais e análise conjunta dos experimentos para a comparação dos ambientes de cultivo. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres morfogênicos: altura da planta (AP), comprimento da lâmina foliar (CLF), número de perfilho (NP), aos 27, 40 e 54 dias após a semeadura (DAS), e massa de matéria seca da parte aérea (MSA) e das raízes (MSR) aos 60 DAS. O ambiente A2 proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento às cultivares de P. maximum. O tratamento com sementes revestidas não influenciou as variáveis mensuradas, com exceção do NP. A cultivar Mombaça apresentou melhor desenvolvimento em relação às demais, porém, para o parâmetro NP, a cultivar Massai obteve os maiores valores.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of shading and seed coating on the initial development of cultivars of Panicum maximum. The experiment was conducted in 2011 in the field of Plant Science, State University of Mato Grosso of Sul, Unit Aquidauana, and the soil of the area classified as dystrophic Alfissol. We used conventional seeds with high physical purity, and seed coated bonding material of macro and micronutrients. We used three cultivars of P. maximum: Tanzania, Mombasa and Massai. The cultivation environments consisted of full sun (C1) and a greenhouse with 50% shade (C2). Because there is no repetition of environments, each experiment was considered. For each culture environment, we adopted the randomized block design in a factorial 2 x 3 (two types of seed cultivars x three cultivars) with four replications, performing variance analysis and pooled analysis of individual experiments to compare the environments cultivation. We evaluated the following morphometric characters: plant height (PH), leaf blade length (LBL), number of tillers (NT) at 27, 40 and 54 days after sowing (DAS) and dry mass of shoots (DMS) and roots (DMR) at 60 DAS. The development environment provided better C2 cultivars of P. maximum. The coated seed treatment did not influence the variables measured, with the exception of NT. The cultivar Mombaca showed better development in relation to others, but for the parameter NP, the cultivar Massai obtained the highest values.
Assuntos
Sementes , Pastagens , PanicumRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral tamoxifen treatment on the number of myofibroblasts present during the healing process after experimental bile duct injury. METHODS: The sample consisted of 16 pigs that were divided into two groups (the control and study groups). Incisions and suturing of the bile ducts were performed in the two groups. Tamoxifen (20 mg/day) was administered only to the study group. The animals were sacrificed after 30 days. Quantification of myofibroblasts in the biliary ducts was made through immunohistochemistry analysis using anti-alpha smooth muscle actin of the smooth muscle antibody. Immunohistochemical quantification was performed using a digital image system. RESULTS: In the animals treated with tamoxifen (20 mg/day), there was a significant reduction in immunostaining for alpha smooth muscle actin compared with the control group (0.1155 vs. 0.2021, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen reduced the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin in the healing tissue after bile duct injury, suggesting a decrease in myofibroblasts in the scarred area of the pig biliary tract. These data suggest that tamoxifen could be used in the prevention of biliary tract stenosis after bile duct surgeries.
Assuntos
Ductos Biliares/lesões , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Miofibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamoxifeno/uso terapêutico , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Actinas/análise , Actinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Ductos Biliares/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Células , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Músculo Liso/química , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Suínos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral tamoxifen treatment on the number of myofibroblasts present during the healing process after experimental bile duct injury. METHODS: The sample consisted of 16 pigs that were divided into two groups (the control and study groups). Incisions and suturing of the bile ducts were performed in the two groups. Tamoxifen (20 mg/day) was administered only to the study group. The animals were sacrificed after 30 days. Quantification of myofibroblasts in the biliary ducts was made through immunohistochemistry analysis using anti-alpha smooth muscle actin of the smooth muscle antibody. Immunohistochemical quantification was performed using a digital image system. RESULTS: In the animals treated with tamoxifen (20 mg/day), there was a significant reduction in immunostaining for alpha smooth muscle actin compared with the control group (0.1155 vs. 0.2021, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen reduced the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin in the healing tissue after bile duct injury, suggesting a decrease in myofibroblasts in the scarred area of the pig biliary tract. These data suggest that tamoxifen could be used in the prevention of biliary tract stenosis after bile duct surgeries.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ductos Biliares/lesões , Antagonistas de Estrogênios/uso terapêutico , Miofibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamoxifeno/uso terapêutico , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Actinas/análise , Actinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ductos Biliares/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Células , Imuno-Histoquímica , Músculo Liso/química , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Suínos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
O prognóstico e a previsibilidade do sucesso dos implantes dentários estão diretamente relacionados, dentre alguns fatores, com a sua estabilidade primária e o torque de inserção durante a instalação no leito ósseo. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os torques de inserção in vivo, de implantes dentários instalados após três diferentes formas de instrumentação: subinstrumentação, instrumentação padrão e sobreinstrumentação. Foram instalados três implantes em mandíbulas de ovelhas e os torques foram aferidos através de torquímetro digital no momento da instalação. Os implantes testados apresentaram um alto torque de inserção nos três tipos de instrumentações. Conclui-se que estes implantes apresentam alta estabilidade primária mesmo nos casos de sobreinstrumentação.
He prognosis and predictability about the success of dental implants are directly related to the primary stability and insertion torque during installation in the bone bed. This study aims to evaluate the insertion torque in vivo, of dental implants installed after three different forms of instrumentation: short instrumentation, standard instrumentation and over instrumentation. Three implants were installed in sheeps jaw and torques were measured using digital torque meter during installation. The implants tested showed a high insertion torque in the three types of instrumentations. We conclude that these implants have a high primary stability even in cases of over instrumentation.
Assuntos
Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Implantes Dentários , TorqueRESUMO
The white New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is frequently used as a model for in vivo studies. However, information on precautions when using this animal as an experimental model is limited. This review of the literature covers the gamut from the selection of the animal model all the way to its death, and describes procedures for transporting, raising, breeding, housing, administering anesthesia and handling so as to rationalize the utilization of this species while exploiting its unique characteristics. Based upon the literature and our own experience with white New Zealand rabbits, we conclude that the rabbit is an adequate model for experimental surgery.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Coelhos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
The white New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is frequently used as a model for in vivo studies. However, information on precautions when using this animal as an experimental model is limited. This review of the literature covers the gamut from the selection of the animal model all the way to its death, and describes procedures for transporting, raising, breeding, housing, administering anesthesia and handling so as to rationalize the utilization of this species while exploiting its unique characteristics. Based upon the literature and our own experience with white New Zealand rabbits, we conclude that the rabbit is an adequate model for experimental surgery.(AU)
O coelho branco da Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus) é freqüentemente utilizado como modelo em estudos in vivo. Contudo, as informações referentes aos cuidados no emprego deste animal como modelo experimental são limitadas. Esta revisão da literatura pretende rever a literatura desde a seleção do modelo animal até a sua morte, enfatizando, os procedimentos para transporte, criação, reprodução, comportamento, acomodação, anestesia e manejo dos animais, de forma a racionalizar a utilização desses animais reconhecendo as características próprias dessa espécie. Conclui-se que o coelho constitui um modelo adequado e viável para cirurgia experimental.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Modelos Animais , Experimentação Animal , Cirurgia Veterinária , CoelhosRESUMO
The white New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is frequently used as a model for in vivo studies. However, information on precautions when using this animal as an experimental model is limited. This review of the literature covers the gamut from the selection of the animal model all the way to its death, and describes procedures for transporting, raising, breeding, housing, administering anesthesia and handling so as to rationalize the utilization of this species while exploiting its unique characteristics. Based upon the literature and our own experience with white New Zealand rabbits, we conclude that the rabbit is an adequate model for experimental surgery.
O coelho branco da Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus) é freqüentemente utilizado como modelo em estudos in vivo. Contudo, as informações referentes aos cuidados no emprego deste animal como modelo experimental são limitadas. Esta revisão da literatura pretende rever a literatura desde a seleção do modelo animal até a sua morte, enfatizando, os procedimentos para transporte, criação, reprodução, comportamento, acomodação, anestesia e manejo dos animais, de forma a racionalizar a utilização desses animais reconhecendo as características próprias dessa espécie. Conclui-se que o coelho constitui um modelo adequado e viável para cirurgia experimental.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Coelhos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos OperatóriosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Os xenoenxertos são uma alternativa aos enxertos autogênicos e devem ser osteocondutores e biocompatíveis. Um estudo recente demonstrou que as características físicas e químicas das hidroxiapatitas encontradas no comércio não são condizentes com as descrições dos fabricantes. Este estudo avalia a biocompatibilidade e a osteocondução de um xenoenxerto derivado de osso medular bovino. MÉTODOS: Quinze coelhos adultos, pesando entre 2.500g e 3.000g cada um, foram anestesiados e submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos para criar três perfurações na tíbia, com 2 mm de diâmetro. Esses orifícios foram preenchidos com coágulo sanguineo, Osseus® e Bio-Oss®. Os animais foram sacrificados depois de 7, 14 e 28 dias. RESULTADOS: A análise histopatológica da interface de osso e biomaterial mostrou ligeira resposta inflamatória depois de 7 dias, que esteve ausente nos períodos subsequentes. Ambos os materiais foram parcialmente substituídos por tecido ósseo diretamente em contato com a superfície dos materiais, sem ocorrência de fibrose. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que ambos os materiais são biocompatíveis e absorvíveis, o que permite progressiva aposição óssea na superfície durante todo o período de avaliação.
OBJECTIVE: Xenografts are an alternative to autogenous grafts and must be osteoconductive and biocompatible. A recent study has demonstrated that the physical and chemical characteristics of commercially available hydroxyapatites do not fit the manufacturers' descriptions. This study evaluates the biocompatibility and osteoconduction of a xenograft derived from bovine medullary bone. METHODS: Fifteen adult rabbits weighing between 2,500 g and 3,000 g each were anesthetized and subjected to surgical procedures to create three perforations in the tibia, with a diameter of 2 mm. These were filled with blood clot, Osseus® and Bio-Oss®. The animals were euthanized after 7, 14 and 28 days. RESULTS: Histopathological analysis of the interface between the bone and the biomaterial showed a slight inflammatory response after 7 days, which was absent in the subsequent periods. Both materials were partially replaced by bone tissue directly in contact with the surface of the materials, without the occurrence of fibrosis. CONCLUSION: We concluded that both materials are biocompatible and absorbable, allowing for progressive bone apposition on the surface throughout the evaluation period.