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This systematic review aims to determine whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) influences the immunohistochemical expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression varies in OPSCC, and the presence of HPV is a plausible explanation for this variability. Comprehending these findings is crucial, as high PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of OPSCC can help identify patient subgroups that could be suitable for immunotherapy. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (CRD42023437800). An electronic literature search was performed without time or language restrictions. The search included PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, https://clinictrials.gov, and relevant journals. A meta-analysis was performed using RStudio. Fourteen studies involving 1,629 participants were included. The sample consisted predominantly of males (81.26%) with a mean age of 58.3 years. Concerning clinical and pathological characteristics, the most frequently described anatomical location was the tonsils (68.54%), and most participants were either current or former smokers (78%) and alcohol users (79%). Advanced TNM IV was the most common stage. Regarding histopathological characteristics, HPV 16 was the only type mentioned, and half of the cases were detected through immunohistochemistry. The SP142 clone (35.7%) and the pattern of membrane immunostaining in tumor cells (71%) were the most commonly employed methods. The most prevalent findings were positive expression of PD-L1 (64.28%) and negative HPV status (57.14%). The association between PD-L1 positivity and HPV positivity (78.57%) was confirmed by meta-analysis. The conclusion was that HPV-positive status has an impact on immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in OPSCC.

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RESUMO

Abstract This systematic review aims to determine whether the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) influences the immunohistochemical expression of programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression varies in OPSCC, and the presence of HPV is a plausible explanation for this variability. Comprehending these findings is crucial, as high PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of OPSCC can help identify patient subgroups that could be suitable for immunotherapy. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (CRD42023437800). An electronic literature search was performed without time or language restrictions. The search included PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, https://clinictrials.gov, and relevant journals. A meta-analysis was performed using RStudio. Fourteen studies involving 1,629 participants were included. The sample consisted predominantly of males (81.26%) with a mean age of 58.3 years. Concerning clinical and pathological characteristics, the most frequently described anatomical location was the tonsils (68.54%), and most participants were either current or former smokers (78%) and alcohol users (79%). Advanced TNM IV was the most common stage. Regarding histopathological characteristics, HPV 16 was the only type mentioned, and half of the cases were detected through immunohistochemistry. The SP142 clone (35.7%) and the pattern of membrane immunostaining in tumor cells (71%) were the most commonly employed methods. The most prevalent findings were positive expression of PD-L1 (64.28%) and negative HPV status (57.14%). The association between PD-L1 positivity and HPV positivity (78.57%) was confirmed by meta-analysis. The conclusion was that HPV-positive status has an impact on immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in OPSCC.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to critically evaluate the available data on sensitivity and specificity of IHC compared with molecular tests in the detection of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA statement and registered in Prospero (CRD42021259117). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational studies to answer the question "What is the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry compared with molecular tests for the diagnosis of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas?". Methodological quality and risk of bias assessment of the selected studies were based on the QUADAS-2. Meta-analysis based on hierarchical SROC curve model and summary measures for sensitivity and specificity were computed. RESULTS: A total of 226 records were found, but only 05 articles met the inclusion criteria, with 277 FFPE specimens of ameloblastoma included in the quantitative analysis. The sensitivity of the IHC compared to molecular tests ranged from 0.71 to 1.00, while all of the included studies showed perfect specificity (1.00). Pooled measures for sensitivity and specificity were 0.95 [95% CI 0.89, 1.00] and 1.00 [95% CI 0.95, 1.00], respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 4.05, and the AUC for SROC curve was calculated as 0.979. CONCLUSIONS: BRAF V600E-specific IHC using VE1 antibody showed extremely high sensitivity and specificity when compared with molecular tests in the detection of the mutation in ameloblastomas.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar e identificar a presença de espécies do gênero candida na superfície mucosa do palato e de próteses em usuários de próteses totais por meio do CHROMagar Candida (aprovado pelo CEP/UPE 239/11). Foram coletadas amostras da mucosa do palato e da superfície de adaptação das próteses de 17 voluntários usuários de próteses totais, atendidos nas Clínicas da FOP/UPE, com o auxílio de swab embebido em solução de cloranfenicol 0,002%, totalizando 33 amostras, 17 do palato e 16 das próteses. Estas foram semeadas em tubos contendo meio Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose com cloranfenicol e incubadas à temperatura ambiente por 72 horas, constatando-se crescimento em 48,5% das amostras. Destas, foram retiradas alíquotas e semeadas em meio CHROmagar Candida e incubadas a 37°C, por 24 horas. Constatou-se crescimento em 93,7% das amostras, sendo 73,3% de C. albicans, 40% de Candida spp, 13,3% de C. tropicalls, 6,7% de C. krusei. Verificaramse espécies do gênero Candida, principalmente nas superfícies das próteses (80%), sendo mais prevalente a C. albicans. Foi constatada, porém, a sobreposição de outras espécies, como C. tropicalis, C. krusei e Candida spp, caracterizando um biofilme misto nessas superfícies... (AU)

The objective of the study was verify and identify the presence of the Candida genus in the mucosal surface of the palate and prosthetic dentures users through the medium CHROMagar Candida (approved by CEP / UPE 239/11). The samples were collected from the palatal mucosa and surface adaptation of 17 users volunteers prosthetic dentures attended the clinics of Pernambuco Dental School with a swab soaked in 0.002% chloramphenicol solution, totaling 33 samples, 17 of the palate and 16 of the prosthesis. These tubes were seeded in medium containing Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and incubated at room temperature for 72 hours noting up growth in 48.5% of samples. Of these aliquots were removed and plated on CHROMagar Candida medium and incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. Growth was found in 93.7% of samples, and 73.3% for C. albicans, 40% of Candida spp, C. tropicalis 13.3%, 6.7% C. krusei. It was found the presence of Candida species, especially the surfaces of the prosthesis (80%) being the most prevalent species C. albicans. However, it was found the overlapping of other species such as C. tropicalis, C. krusei and Candida spp featuring a mixed biofilms on these surfaces... (AU)

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