RESUMO
Expressions of pain exacerbated make the early diagnosis of abdominal disorders that compromise the small intestine is of vital importance. The objective of this test was to study the effects of methylene blue on the clinical response before and after the experimental obstruction of the jejunum. Eight male horses, Mangalarga Paulista, with weights ranging between 350 and 400 kg, were exposed to LPS and then were submitted to experimental obstruction of the jejunum. On 4 animals, group 1 (G1), was administered, intravenously, a solution of methylene blue, 1%, immediately before the experimental obstruction. In other 4 animals, Group 2 (G2), the solution was administered immediately before interrupt the obstructive process in the intestinal segment. The horses were submitted to the evaluation of clinical signs during the 12 hours of study. Based on the clinical findings concluded that, the administration of methylene blue controlled more efficiently the clinical changes induced by the experimental model proposed in animals that received the solution immediately before clearing the jejunum. KEY-WORDS: Jejunum. Equine. Ischemia. LPS. Methylene blue.
As manifestações exacerbadas de dor fazem com que o diagnóstico precoce dos distúrbios abdominais que comprometem o intestino delgado seja de vital importância. O objetivo deste ensaio foi estudar os efeitos do azul de metileno sobre a resposta clínica antes e após a obstrução experimental do jejuno. Oito eqüinos machos, da raça Mangalarga Paulista, com peso variando entre 350 e 400 kg, foram expostos ao LPS e posteriormente foram submetidos à obstrução experimental do jejuno. Em quatro animais, grupo 1 (G1), foi administrada, via intravenosa, solução de azul de metileno, a 1%, imediatamente antes da obstrução experimental. Em outros quatro animais, grupo 2 (G2), a mesma foi administrada imediatamente antes da desobstrução do segmento intestinal. Os eqüinos foram submetidos à avaliação das variáveis clínicas durante 12 horas de estudo. Com base nos achados clínicos concluiu-se que, a administração do azul de metileno amenizou de maneira mais eficiente as alterações clínicas induzidas pelo modelo experimental proposto nos animais que rece
RESUMO
Expressions of pain exacerbated make the early diagnosis of abdominal disorders that compromise the small intestine is of vital importance. The objective of this test was to study the effects of methylene blue on the clinical response before and after the experimental obstruction of the jejunum. Eight male horses, Mangalarga Paulista, with weights ranging between 350 and 400 kg, were exposed to LPS and then were submitted to experimental obstruction of the jejunum. On 4 animals, group 1 (G1), was administered, intravenously, a solution of methylene blue, 1%, immediately before the experimental obstruction. In other 4 animals, Group 2 (G2), the solution was administered immediately before interrupt the obstructive process in the intestinal segment. The horses were submitted to the evaluation of clinical signs during the 12 hours of study. Based on the clinical findings concluded that, the administration of methylene blue controlled more efficiently the clinical changes induced by the experimental model proposed in animals that received the solution immediately before clearing the jejunum. KEY-WORDS: Jejunum. Equine. Ischemia. LPS. Methylene blue.
As manifestações exacerbadas de dor fazem com que o diagnóstico precoce dos distúrbios abdominais que comprometem o intestino delgado seja de vital importância. O objetivo deste ensaio foi estudar os efeitos do azul de metileno sobre a resposta clínica antes e após a obstrução experimental do jejuno. Oito eqüinos machos, da raça Mangalarga Paulista, com peso variando entre 350 e 400 kg, foram expostos ao LPS e posteriormente foram submetidos à obstrução experimental do jejuno. Em quatro animais, grupo 1 (G1), foi administrada, via intravenosa, solução de azul de metileno, a 1%, imediatamente antes da obstrução experimental. Em outros quatro animais, grupo 2 (G2), a mesma foi administrada imediatamente antes da desobstrução do segmento intestinal. Os eqüinos foram submetidos à avaliação das variáveis clínicas durante 12 horas de estudo. Com base nos achados clínicos concluiu-se que, a administração do azul de metileno amenizou de maneira mais eficiente as alterações clínicas induzidas pelo modelo experimental proposto nos animais que rece
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To investigate the continuous variations of four beagle bitches, with average age of 1 year and average weight of 9.2 ± 1.3 kg, a telemetry monitoring system was carried out for 24 hours. The evaluated parameters were: heart rate (HR); systolic (SBP), mean (MBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body temperature (BT). Data was submitted to a repeated measured one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p£0.05). HR decreased from T570 to T870. Regarding SBP and BT, no changes were observed, whereas MBP decreased in T420 and T600, and DBP decreased in T420 when compared to values of T0. The biotelemetry system allowed identifying oscillations in clinical parameters owing to the low activity of bitches during night and dawn. KEY-WORDS: Dogs. Biotelemetry. Circadian rhythms.
RESUMO
To investigate the continuous variations of four beagle bitches, with average age of 1 year and average weight of 9.2 ± 1.3 kg, a telemetry monitoring system was carried out for 24 hours. The evaluated parameters were: heart rate (HR); systolic (SBP), mean (MBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body temperature (BT). Data was submitted to a repeated measured one-way analysis of variance, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p£0.05). HR decreased from T570 to T870. Regarding SBP and BT, no changes were observed, whereas MBP decreased in T420 and T600, and DBP decreased in T420 when compared to values of T0. The biotelemetry system allowed identifying oscillations in clinical parameters owing to the low activity of bitches during night and dawn. KEY-WORDS: Dogs. Biotelemetry. Circadian rhythms.
RESUMO
Amitraz is a widely used alpha-two agonist insecticide and acaricide formamidine that is very effective to control ectoparasites. This drug can promote dose-dependent changes in cardiovascular parameters, such as bradycardia, first and second-degree atrioventricular block, decreased cardiac output, hypertension, and hypotension. Therefore, the aimof this research was to evaluate the possible electrocardiographic changes in dogs receiving an intravenous injection of amitraz. Eleven healthy mongrel mature dogs of either sex were used. They were given amitraz 1mg.kg-1 by intravenous route. Electrocardiography was recorded immediately before (baseline level) and then at 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes after the drug administration. A paired t test was used to analyze data at a significance level of 5% (p
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We evaluated the effects of benzalkonium chloride (BC) on the morphometry of the myenteric plexus neurons of the descending colon in eight horses. Two animals were euthanased at day 1, two at day 3, and four at day 15. Samples of the treated intestinal segment were obtained, as well as samples of the same intestinal segment from ten untreated horses slaughtered in a meat packing plant and used for comparison. Histomorphometry of the myenteric plexus neurons was performed with an image analyzer. There was a reduction in the number of myenteric plexus neurons after treatment with BC and the remaining neurons showed smaller mean neuronal body, cytoplasm and nucleus areas than control animals, especially in animals slaughtered at day 3, whereas animals slaughtered at day 15 presented values close to those of control animals. We concluded that the myenteric plexus neurons of the horse descending colon presented smaller neuronal bodies at fifteen days after exposure to BC in comparison with controls, thus showing no signs of neuroplasticity. KEY -WORDS: Myenteric plexus. Benzalkonium chloride. Morphometry. Neuroplasticity. Horses.
Avaliaram-se os efeitos do cloreto de benzalcônio (CB) na morfometria dos neurônios do plexo mioentérico do cólon descendente de oito eqüinos. Dois animais foram sacrificados no dia 01, dois no dia 03 e quatro no dia 15. Foram colhidas amostras do segmento intestinal tratado e amostras de igual segmento intestinal de outros dez eqüinos abatidos em frigorífico, não tratados, para fins de comparação. A histomorfometria dos neurônios do plexo mioentérico foi realizada por meio de analisador de imagem. Houve uma redução no número de neurônios do plexo mioentérico após o tratamento com CB e os neurônios remanescentes apresentavam áreas médias do corpo neuronal, do citoplasma e do núcleo menores que os animais controle, principalmente aqueles que vieram a óbito no dia 03, apresentando os animais do dia 15 valores próximos aos animais controle. Concluiu-se que 15 dias após a exposição ao CB os neurônios do plexo mioentérico do cólon descendente de eqüinos apresentavam áreas dos corpos neuronais inferiores aos animais controle, portanto, sem indícios de neuroplasticidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Plexo mioentérico. Cloreto de benzalcônio. Morfometria. Neuroplasticidade. Eqüino.
RESUMO
We evaluated the effects of benzalkonium chloride (BC) on the morphometry of the myenteric plexus neurons of the descending colon in eight horses. Two animals were euthanased at day 1, two at day 3, and four at day 15. Samples of the treated intestinal segment were obtained, as well as samples of the same intestinal segment from ten untreated horses slaughtered in a meat packing plant and used for comparison. Histomorphometry of the myenteric plexus neurons was performed with an image analyzer. There was a reduction in the number of myenteric plexus neurons after treatment with BC and the remaining neurons showed smaller mean neuronal body, cytoplasm and nucleus areas than control animals, especially in animals slaughtered at day 3, whereas animals slaughtered at day 15 presented values close to those of control animals. We concluded that the myenteric plexus neurons of the horse descending colon presented smaller neuronal bodies at fifteen days after exposure to BC in comparison with controls, thus showing no signs of neuroplasticity. KEY -WORDS: Myenteric plexus. Benzalkonium chloride. Morphometry. Neuroplasticity. Horses.
Avaliaram-se os efeitos do cloreto de benzalcônio (CB) na morfometria dos neurônios do plexo mioentérico do cólon descendente de oito eqüinos. Dois animais foram sacrificados no dia 01, dois no dia 03 e quatro no dia 15. Foram colhidas amostras do segmento intestinal tratado e amostras de igual segmento intestinal de outros dez eqüinos abatidos em frigorífico, não tratados, para fins de comparação. A histomorfometria dos neurônios do plexo mioentérico foi realizada por meio de analisador de imagem. Houve uma redução no número de neurônios do plexo mioentérico após o tratamento com CB e os neurônios remanescentes apresentavam áreas médias do corpo neuronal, do citoplasma e do núcleo menores que os animais controle, principalmente aqueles que vieram a óbito no dia 03, apresentando os animais do dia 15 valores próximos aos animais controle. Concluiu-se que 15 dias após a exposição ao CB os neurônios do plexo mioentérico do cólon descendente de eqüinos apresentavam áreas dos corpos neuronais inferiores aos animais controle, portanto, sem indícios de neuroplasticidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Plexo mioentérico. Cloreto de benzalcônio. Morfometria. Neuroplasticidade. Eqüino.
RESUMO
Amitraz is a widely used alpha-two agonist insecticide and acaricide formamidine that is very effective to control ectoparasites. This drug can promote dose-dependent changes in cardiovascular parameters, such as bradycardia, first and second-degree atrioventricular block, decreased cardiac output, hypertension, and hypotension. Therefore, the aimof this research was to evaluate the possible electrocardiographic changes in dogs receiving an intravenous injection of amitraz. Eleven healthy mongrel mature dogs of either sex were used. They were given amitraz 1mg.kg-1 by intravenous route. Electrocardiography was recorded immediately before (baseline level) and then at 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes after the drug administration. A paired t test was used to analyze data at a significance level of 5% (p
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