RESUMO

Whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) is a commonly used forage for feeding dairy cattle in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate on-farm ensilaging practices and the nutritional value, microbiology and fermentation profiles of WPCS from dairy farms in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Silages from 54 dairy farms located in nine cities were sampled and a questionnaire was distributed for completion to describe the herd profile and ensilage practices. Herd size ranged from 8 to 1,000 lactating cows, and 52 % of the farms had fewer than 50 cows in lactation. The majority of the farms cultivated hard endosperm texture hybrids (52 %) and used pull-type forage harvesters (87 %). Double-sided plastic was the most used form of silo sealing (56 %) and 28 % used inoculants. Lactic acid bacteria count was greater than 6.01 log CFU g1 in 60 % of the samples, and the mean populations of enterobacteria and Bacillus spp. were 4.23 and 4.09 log CFU g1, respectively. Silo size ranged from 100 to 250 m3 in 44 % of the farms, and the silage removal rate was below 15 cm of the face/d in 41 % of cases. Silage dry matter (DM) concentration was 33 ± 3 % of fresh matter, NDF concentration was 57 ± 7 % of the DM, and in vitro NDF digestibility was 35 ± 11 % of the NDF. Silages with high DM concentrations had large particle size, affecting the nutritional value and the fermentative pattern. Improvements in ensiling practices can potentially inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms and raise the nutritional value of silages.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) is a commonly used forage for feeding dairy cattle in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate on-farm ensilaging practices and the nutritional value, microbiology and fermentation profiles of WPCS from dairy farms in the south of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Silages from 54 dairy farms located in nine cities were sampled and a questionnaire was distributed for completion to describe the herd profile and ensilage practices. Herd size ranged from 8 to 1,000 lactating cows, and 52 % of the farms had fewer than 50 cows in lactation. The majority of the farms cultivated hard endosperm texture hybrids (52 %) and used pull-type forage harvesters (87 %). Double-sided plastic was the most used form of silo sealing (56 %) and 28 % used inoculants. Lactic acid bacteria count was greater than 6.01 log CFU g1 in 60 % of the samples, and the mean populations of enterobacteria and Bacillus spp. were 4.23 and 4.09 log CFU g1, respectively. Silo size ranged from 100 to 250 m3 in 44 % of the farms, and the silage removal rate was below 15 cm of the face/d in 41 % of cases. Silage dry matter (DM) concentration was 33 ± 3 % of fresh matter, NDF concentration was 57 ± 7 % of the DM, and in vitro NDF digestibility was 35 ± 11 % of the NDF. Silages with high DM concentrations had large particle size, affecting the nutritional value and the fermentative pattern. Improvements in ensiling practices can potentially inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms and raise the nutritional value of silages.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of organics acids citric, lactic, acetic, and propionic on E. coli isolated from pork sausage. Two experiments were performed in vitro, respectively: agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. In agar disc diffusion, the minimum concentration of 1.29 M of citric acid inhibits bacterial growth. There was no statistically significant difference in the MIC of citric and lactic acids; citric and lactic acids were more effective than acetic and propionic acids. Based on in vitro results, lactic and citric acids were added to pork sausages with E. coli. The addition of citric acid caused a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the pH of the sausages. Citric acid was most effective 15 d after inoculation; E. coli counts were reduced by 4.53 log units compared with time 0. Due to late inhibitory action of citric acid in the study, its effect may be more effective over E. coli in sausage that requiring longer storage, such as fermented sausages.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Avaliou-se a adição dietética de um composto exaurido da produção do cogumelo Pleurotus sajor caju sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte nos períodos de um a 21, 22 a 38 e um a 38 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 500 pintos de um dia Ross-308, machos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, obtidos pelos níveis do composto na ração (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0%) com quatro repetições de 20 aves cada. Foram avaliados ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça, gordura abdominal e altura das microvilosidades do intestino. A adição do composto não influenciou no consumo da ração e na conversão alimentar. Para o ganho de peso houve efeito positivo somente na fase inicial (um a 21 dias), sendo o valor máximo obtido com a adição de 0,67% do composto. A adição do composto não alterou o rendimento de carcaça e gordura abdominal, porém, alterou a altura das microvilosidades do intestino. A adição de composto exaurido da produção do fungo Pleurotus sajor caju, na concentração de 0,67%, melhora o ganho de peso dos frangos nos primeiros 21 dias de idade.

This research evaluated the effect of the addition of a spent mushroom substrate (SMS) Pleurotus sajor caju at different levels on the performance of broiler chicks from 1 to 21, 22 to 38 and 1 to 38 days of age. Five hundred one-day-old Ross-308 chicks were utilized, allocated in a completely randomized design, with five treatments obtained by increased levels of compost on ration (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0%), with four replicates of 20 birds per experimental unit. The intake, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield, abdominal fat and villus height were evaluated. No effect was observed on intake and feed conversion when the compost was included in the feeding. A positive effect was observed for weight gain from 1 to 21 days of age, with maximum value of 0.67% of SMS, but its addition did not modify the carcass yield and abdominal fat, but modified the villus height. The inclusion of the spent substrate of Pleurotus sajor caju mushroom up to 0.67% improves the weight gain of broiler chicks in the first 21 days of age.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Avaliou-se a adição dietética de um composto exaurido da produção do cogumelo Pleurotus sajor caju sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte nos períodos de um a 21, 22 a 38 e um a 38 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 500 pintos de um dia Ross-308, machos, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, obtidos pelos níveis do composto na ração (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0%) com quatro repetições de 20 aves cada. Foram avaliados ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça, gordura abdominal e altura das microvilosidades do intestino. A adição do composto não influenciou no consumo da ração e na conversão alimentar. Para o ganho de peso houve efeito positivo somente na fase inicial (um a 21 dias), sendo o valor máximo obtido com a adição de 0,67% do composto. A adição do composto não alterou o rendimento de carcaça e gordura abdominal, porém, alterou a altura das microvilosidades do intestino. A adição de composto exaurido da produção do fungo Pleurotus sajor caju, na concentração de 0,67%, melhora o ganho de peso dos frangos nos primeiros 21 dias de idade.(AU)

This research evaluated the effect of the addition of a spent mushroom substrate (SMS) Pleurotus sajor caju at different levels on the performance of broiler chicks from 1 to 21, 22 to 38 and 1 to 38 days of age. Five hundred one-day-old Ross-308 chicks were utilized, allocated in a completely randomized design, with five treatments obtained by increased levels of compost on ration (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0%), with four replicates of 20 birds per experimental unit. The intake, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield, abdominal fat and villus height were evaluated. No effect was observed on intake and feed conversion when the compost was included in the feeding. A positive effect was observed for weight gain from 1 to 21 days of age, with maximum value of 0.67% of SMS, but its addition did not modify the carcass yield and abdominal fat, but modified the villus height. The inclusion of the spent substrate of Pleurotus sajor caju mushroom up to 0.67% improves the weight gain of broiler chicks in the first 21 days of age.(AU)

Assuntos