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INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly difficult for populations at risk for mental health problems, such as healthcare professionals and medical students. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the pandemic on mental health in a sample of Mexican medical students with and without a mental health diagnosis. METHOD: Longitudinal and descriptive study based on scales of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and risk of alcohol consumption, conducted in April and December 2020. RESULTS: Sample includes 247 medical students, 64.4% are women. Prevalence of depression increased between April and December from 19.84% to 40.08%. In the case of women from 23.67% to 42.60% (χ2 = 0.000) and in men from 11.54% to 34.62% (χ2 = 0.001). In April 16.92% of healthy students presented some sign of depression and in December the percentage increased to 40.80% (χ2 = 0.000). Regarding medicated students, the prevalence in April was 32.61% and in December it was 36.96% (χ2 = 0.662). In April, the medicated students with risk of suicidal ideation were 17 out of 46 (36.96%), compared to the students without a diagnosis of psychiatric illness were 29 out of 201 (13.43%) (χ2 = 0.000). For December, the non-medicated students at risk of suicidal ideation were 34 out of 201 (16.91%), and the medicated students were 12 out of 46 (26.09%) (χ2 = 0.149). CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic has increase the rate of depression in medical students, being more severe in women. Students under psychiatric treatment showed a higher prevalence of depression; however, the fact of being under treatment resulted in a protective factor for the increase in the prevalence of depression. It is important to deepen the understanding of the causes of depression and to disseminate among the university community the benefits of early detection and treatment of people with socio-emotional disorders.
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BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and shelf-life of corn tortilla stored at room temperature (25 °C) using aw modifiers (propylene glycol and glycerol) and pH modifiers (fumaric acid and sodium benzoate) as preservatives combined with calcium hydroxide. Detection thresholds were used to determine the maximum preservative concentration and calcium hydroxide. Physicochemical characterization and sensory evaluation were used to determine the stability and sensory shelf-life of tortillas. RESULTS: Control, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide + fumaric acid, calcium hydroxide + glycerol, calcium hydroxide + propylene glycol, and calcium hydroxide + sodium benzoate treatments had rounded half-lives of 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, and 2 days respectively. Glycerol combined with calcium hydroxide resulted in tortillas with lower pH variations over time. Mold presence was the critical attribute causing tortilla rejection. CONCLUSION: The use of aw modifiers had a better effect in preserving corn tortilla, as the concentration of pH modifiers at detection threshold levels was not able to reach an optimum performance when combined with calcium hydroxide. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Pão/análise , Hidróxido de Cálcio/análise , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/análise , Zea mays/química , Farinha/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos , Conservação de Alimentos/instrumentação , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Fumaratos/análise , Humanos , Benzoato de Sódio/análise , PaladarRESUMO
The objective was to evaluate the productivity, microbiology and histopathology of the jejunum, ceca and liver in broilers fed a control or a high non-starch polysaccharide (HNSPs) diet added with an extract of humic substances (EHS). 240 broilers individually allocated, from 21-42 d of age were assigned to a factorial arrangement of 2 types of diets: 1) A corn/soybean meal diet (Control) and 2) As Control plus 7% distillers dried grain with solubles and 12% of wheat bran (HNSPs), and 3 growth promoters: 1) Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP); 2) without AGP (NAGP) and C) with 0.5% of EHS. At the end of the trial, the breast and carcass were weighed and samples of the intestine, ceca and liver were taken for microbial and histopathology analysis. Results were subjected to ANOVA. EHS-fed broilers had lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and total aerobic bacterial (TAB) counts in the liver and higher ashes digestibility with the Control diet, but negative responses were seen with the HNSPs diet (Type of diet and growth promoter interaction, p≤0.05). The lesion scores in the jejunum were lower in EHS-fed broilers with the Control and HNSPs diet (p≤0.05). The TAB and E. coli were lower in the jejunum and ceca of AGP-fed broilers (p<0.01) compared to NAGP and EHS groups. EHS-fed broilers showed improved FCR and ileal ashes digestibility and lower TAB in the liver with the Control diet and had lower lesion score in the jejunum and similar weight gain compared to the AGP-fed broilers.(AU)
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Animais , Alimentos Fortificados , Galinhas/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Polissacarídeos , Ceco/metabolismo , Substâncias Húmicas , Jejuno/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismoRESUMO
Objetivo: Reportar si existen diferencias hematológicas y bioquímicas entre los pacientes con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) bajo tratamiento de hemodiálisis (HD). Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes atendidos por el Programa de Salud renal en el Centro de Prevención de Enfermedad Renal S.A.C (CENPER) de Lima, Perú. Se compararon los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos de 3 pacientes con DM2 y 3 pacientes sin DM2 sometidos a HD. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en el porcentaje de linfocitos, el cociente linfocito/ monocito (LMR), la concentración de hemoglobina y hematocrito (menor en pacientes diabéticos), en el porcentaje de monocitos y en el cociente neutrófilo/ linfocitos (NLR) (mayor en pacientes diabéticos). En los parámetros bioquímicos solo se encontró diferencia significativa en la transaminasa TGO que está más elevada en pacientes diabéticos comparados con pacientes no diabéticos (p<0.005). Conclusiones: Diabetes es un factor importante asociado con inflamación, anemia, linfopenia y monocitosis en pacientes sometidos a HD. LMR fue el marcador más potente de inflamación en esta serie de pacientes. Estudios a mayor escala son requeridos para corroborar esta evidencia.
Objective: To report if there are hematologic and biochemical differences among patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Materials and methods: An observational, retrospective, cohort study of patients treated in the Renal Health Program at the Centro de Prevención de Enfermedad Renal S.A.C. (CENPER) in Lima, Peru. The hematologic and biochemical parameters of 3 patients with T2DM and 3 patients without T2DM undergoing HD were compared. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the lymphocyte percentage, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration (lower in diabetic patients), monocyte percentage, and neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (higher in diabetic patients). In the biochemical parameters, the only significant difference was found in the glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) value, which was higher in the diabetic patients compared with the non-diabetic patients (p < 0.005). Conclusions: Diabetes is an important factor linked to inflammation, anemia, lymphopenia and monocytosis in patients undergoing HD. The LMR was the most powerful marker of inflammation in this patient series. Larger-scale studies are required to verify this evidence.
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Two experiments were done to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of dietary digestible methionine (Met) and Met:cysteine (Met:Cys) ratio on the productivity of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens fed sorghum- and soybean meal-based diets. In Exp. 1, 160 hens from 68 to 75 weeks of age were assigned to four dietary levels of digestible Met (0.20 0.24, 0.28 and 0.32%). The digestible total sulfur amino acids:Lysine (TSAA:Lys) ratios were: 62, 68, 76 and 84%. In Exp. 2, 192 hens from 76-83 weeks of age were assigned to four dietary digestible Met:Cys ratios (160, 116.7, 85.7 and 62.5%). The digestible TSAA:Lys ratio was kept constant across diets (80%). Results were subjected to ANOVA and linear regression analyses. In Exp. 1, optimal egg production, egg mass, and feed efficiency responses were observed at 0.30 and 0.50% of dietary digestible Met and TSAA, respectively (quadratic effect, p 0.05). Live performance was maximized with digestible Met and TSAA in takes of 288 and 478 mg/hen/d, respectively. In Exp. 2, optimal egg production and feed efficiency responses were observed at 151 and 150% of dietary digestible Met:Cys ratios, respectively (quadratic effect, p 0.05). The digestible Met, Cys and TSAA intake to maximize egg production and feed efficiency were 313, 207 and 510 mg/hen/d, respectively. The requirements for sulfur AA in Hy-Line W-36 hens from 68 to 83 weeks of age fed sorghum- and soybean meal-based diets fell inside the range of the requirements previously estimated in hens fed corn-soybean meal based diets.
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Feminino , Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
Two experiments were done to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of dietary digestible methionine (Met) and Met:cysteine (Met:Cys) ratio on the productivity of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens fed sorghum- and soybean meal-based diets. In Exp. 1, 160 hens from 68 to 75 weeks of age were assigned to four dietary levels of digestible Met (0.20 0.24, 0.28 and 0.32%). The digestible total sulfur amino acids:Lysine (TSAA:Lys) ratios were: 62, 68, 76 and 84%. In Exp. 2, 192 hens from 76-83 weeks of age were assigned to four dietary digestible Met:Cys ratios (160, 116.7, 85.7 and 62.5%). The digestible TSAA:Lys ratio was kept constant across diets (80%). Results were subjected to ANOVA and linear regression analyses. In Exp. 1, optimal egg production, egg mass, and feed efficiency responses were observed at 0.30 and 0.50% of dietary digestible Met and TSAA, respectively (quadratic effect, p 0.05). Live performance was maximized with digestible Met and TSAA in takes of 288 and 478 mg/hen/d, respectively. In Exp. 2, optimal egg production and feed efficiency responses were observed at 151 and 150% of dietary digestible Met:Cys ratios, respectively (quadratic effect, p 0.05). The digestible Met, Cys and TSAA intake to maximize egg production and feed efficiency were 313, 207 and 510 mg/hen/d, respectively. The requirements for sulfur AA in Hy-Line W-36 hens from 68 to 83 weeks of age fed sorghum- and soybean meal-based diets fell inside the range of the requirements previously estimated in hens fed corn-soybean meal based diets.(AU)
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Animais , Feminino , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Ração AnimalRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, the apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and energy, the retention of nutrients and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) in broiler chickens supplemented with increasing doses of a worm leachate (WL) as a source of humic substances (HS) in the drinking water. In Exp. 1, 140 male broilers were penned individually and assigned to four WL levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) mixed in the drinking water from 21 to 49 days of age. Water was offered in plastic bottles tied to the cage. In Exp. 2, 600 male broilers from 21 to 49 days of age housed in floor pens were assigned to three levels of WL (0%, 10%, and 20%) mixed in the drinking water. The WL was mixed with tap water in plastic containers connected by plastic tubing to bell drinkers. The results of both experiments were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial contrasts. In Exp. 1, the daily water consumption was similar among treatments but the consumption of humic, fulvic, and total humic acids increased linearly (p<0.01) as the WL increased in the drinking water. The feed conversion (p<0.01) and the ileal digestibility of energy, the excretion of dry matter and energy, the retention of dry matter, ash and nitrogen and the AMEn showed quadratic responses (p<0.05) relative to the WL levels in drinking water. In Exp. 2, the increasing level of WL in the drinking water had quadratic effects on the final body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The addition of WL as a source of HS in the drinking water had beneficial effects on the growth performance, ileal digestibility of energy, the retention of nutrients as well on the AMEn in broiler chickens; the best results were observed when the WL was mixed at levels of 20% to 30% in the drinking water.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of environmental exposure to tobacco smoke on the nasal symptoms and nasal resistance of young patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty patients were evaluated (aged 10-19 years old): 25 patients with and 25 patients without recent exposure to tobacco smoke (confirmed by cotinine/creatinine ratio). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: After a clinical evaluation, all the patients replied to a validated questionnaire of the severity of the nasal symptoms. Then total nasal airway resistance was recorded by active anterior rhinomanometry. RESULTS: Patients with exposure to tobacco smoke had a larger total resistance than patients without exposure (t-test, P < 0.01). No significant correlation was observed between the total score of the questionnaire of nasal symptoms and the nasal resistance. CONCLUSIONS: In young patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, exposure to tobacco smoke can be related to increased nasal resistance, which may not be recognised by the report of nasal symptoms.
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Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/fisiologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/diagnóstico , Rinomanometria/métodos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Rinite Alérgica Perene/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Although several advances have occurred over the past 20 years concerning refining the use and administration of electroconvulsive therapy to minimize side effects of this treatment, little progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic or adverse effects. This work was performed in order to determine the level of oxidative damage at different times after the maintenance electroconvulsive shock (ECS). Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) received a protocol mimicking therapeutic of maintenance or simulated ECS (Sham) and were subsequently sacrificed immediately after, 48 h and 7 days after the last maintenance electroconvulsive shock. We measured oxidative damage parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive species for lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls for protein damage, respectively) in hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum and striatum. We demonstrated no alteration in the lipid peroxidation and protein damage in the four structures studied immediately after, 48 h and 7 days after a last maintenance electroconvulsive shock. Our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that after ECS maintenance we did protocol minimal oxidative damage in the brain regions, predominating absence of damage on the findings.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Eletrochoque , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Eletroconvulsoterapia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Malathion is a pesticide with high potential for human exposure. However, it is possible that during the malathion metabolism, there is generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malathion may produce oxidative stress in intoxicated rats. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine malathion-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonylation and to determine whether malathion intoxication alters the antioxidant system in brain rats. Malathion was administered intraperitoneally in the acute and chronic protocols in the doses of 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg malathion/kg. The results showed that LPO in brain increased in both protocols. The increased oxidative stress resulted in an increased in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), observed in cortex, striatum in the acute malathion protocol and hippocampus in the chronic malathion protocol. Our results demonstrated that malathion induced oxidative stress and modulated SOD and CAT activity in selective brain regions.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/metabolismo , Malation/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
This work was performed in order to determine the level of oxidative damage and antioxidant enzymes activities late after acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in rats. We measured oxidative parameters in hippocampus, cortex, and striatum, at 45, 60, 90 and 120 days after a single or multiple ECS. We demonstrated an increase in lipid peroxidation after multiple ECS in the hippocampus and striatum. This was also the case for protein carbonyls in the single or multiple protocols. In this way, we demonstrated an increase in catalase in cortex in contrast to striatum and hippocampus, were there were decreases sometimes in chronic ECS. The superoxide dismutase activities decrease in different times after single and multiple ECS in the hippocampus. Our findings demonstrated that there is a delayed increase after ECS in oxidative damage and decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in hippocampus and striatum.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Eletrochoque , Estresse Oxidativo , Convulsões/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Oxirredução , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The underlying mechanisms of the changes in mental status, septic encephalopathy, and long-term cognitive symptoms in sepsis survivors have only been defined in part. The present study was undertaken to assess different variables of oxidative stress in several brain structures after cecal ligation and perforation in the rat. DESIGN: Prospective animal study. SETTING: Animal basic science laboratory. SUBJECTS: Male Wistar rats, weighing 250-350 g. INTERVENTIONS: Rats were subjected to cecal ligation and perforation (sepsis group) with saline resuscitation (at 50 mL/kg immediately and 12 hrs after cecal ligation and perforation) or sham operation (control group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Oxidative damage, assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive species and the protein carbonyl assays, occurred early (after 6 hrs) in the course of sepsis development in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex. At longer times after sepsis induction (12-96 hrs), there was no evidence of oxidative damage in all analyzed structures. Except for the striatum, earlier in sepsis development (6 hrs) we demonstrated an increase in superoxide dismutase activity without a proportional increase in catalase activity with a consequent increase in the relation of superoxide dismutase/catalase. The balance between these enzymes was restored in the studied structures 12-96 hrs after sepsis induction. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term oxidative damage demonstrated here could participate in the development of central nervous system symptoms during sepsis development, or even septic encephalopathy. The alterations in the superoxide dismutase/catalase relation were temporally related to the occurrence or not of oxidative damage in the central nervous system.
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Encefalopatias/etiologia , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Sepse/complicações , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Airway allergic diseases are regulated by interleukin (IL)-5, which causes infiltration of eosinophils into the bronchial epithelium, and by IL-4 which increases serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and promotes CD30 expression on Th cells. CD30 generates a costimulatory signal involved in apoptosis or cell proliferation, depending on the microenvironment. Our aims were: (i) to analyze if CD4+ CD30+ T cells from allergic patients proliferate in response to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and (ii) if upon stimulation this cell population produces IL-4 and IL-5. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from 17 allergic rhinitis and mild allergic asthma patients and 12 healthy nonallergic individuals were stimulated with allergen in the presence or absence of anti-IL-4, anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-4Ralpha monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, 7-aminoactinomycin-D (7-AAD) intercalation, and flow cytometry were used to determine the CD4+ CD30+ blasts percentage, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and intracellular cytokines after 7 culture days. RESULTS: Cell proliferation induced with allergen showed that 90% of the allergen-stimulated blasts were CD4+, 50% of which were CD30+. Allergen-stimulated PBMC showed a progressive increase (mean: from 7% to 23%) of CD4+ CD30+IFN-gamma+ and CD4+ CD30+IL-4+ blasts which diminished (mean: 6%) after 5 culture days. In contrast, CD4+ CD30+IL-5+ blasts showed a continuous progression (from 12% to 24%) that maintained after 7 culture days. The vast majority of CD4+ CD30+ blasts were negative to 7-AAD or TUNEL. Additionally, a significant decrease (34%) was observed in the number of CD4+ CD30+ blasts when IL-4 was neutralized. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that specific allergen stimulation of PBMC isolated from allergic patients generates a nonapoptotic CD4+ CD30+ blast subset that produces IL-5.
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Alérgenos/farmacologia , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Interleucina-5/biossíntese , Adolescente , Adulto , Apoptose/imunologia , Asma/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-1/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Probabilidade , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/sangue , Estudos de Amostragem , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association among asthma, hiatus hernia, oesophagitis and gastro-oesophageal reflux has been reported as etiologic factor that alters the clinical evolution of the asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal and comparative study was developed. 90 patients were incoming with persistent light and moderate asthma, of allergic etiology. By the 6 months of immune-allergic treatment the clinical answer was valued being classified in two groups: Group A: 40 patients with intermittent light asthma and group B: 50 patients with persistent severe moderate asthma. In both groups they were submitted to an endoscopy for the diagnosis of esophageal pathology, with biopsies in the 3 esophageal thirds. They registered symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux. RESULTS: 72 women and 28 men, age average 35.9 years. There was hiatus hernia in 33 patients, 12 of the group A and 21 of the B. Upper oesophagitis in 21 patients, 8 of the group A and 13 of the B. Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux in 71 patients, 29 of the group A and 42 of the B. The association among hiatus hernia, oesophagitis and gastro-oesophageal reflux was observed in 12 patients, 2 of the group A and 10 of the B (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The association of symptoms among gastro-oesophageal reflux, hiatus hernia and upper oesophagitis, is bigger in the patients with bad answer to the anti-asthmatic treatment; they are justified to endoscopy study and biopsies of the upper oesophagus (in the group of patients with bad response and symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux) when 24 hours pH-monitoring is not available.
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Asma/epidemiologia , Esofagite Péptica/epidemiologia , Hérnia Hiatal/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/etiologia , Asma/terapia , Comorbidade , Resistência a Medicamentos , Esofagite Péptica/etiologia , Esofagoscopia , Feminino , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/epidemiologia , Hérnia Hiatal/complicações , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fumar/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is an unusual neoplasm which is generally associated with a dismal prognosis. Given the poor prognosis and the predominance in the third and fourth decades of life when fertility tends to decrease, reports of term pregnancies after treatment of this disease are rare. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: We report a case of angiosarcoma of the breast in a 17-year-old patient with a recurrent breast nodule treated by local surgery only. After three years of follow-up without evidence of disease recurrence she became pregnant. RESULTS: A girl weighing 2,430 g was delivered at 38 weeks and two days. The patient has been free of disease for five years now. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience of the present case shows the lack of full information about this tumor. Pregnancy does not seem to interfere negatively with the course of the disease.
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Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Hemangiossarcoma/diagnóstico , Hemangiossarcoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hemangiossarcoma/patologia , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Prognóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This is a method to evaluate both specific sensitivity to allergens in the nasal mucosa, IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, and antiinflammatory and antiallergic drugs efficacy, whose objectives are for research in diagnosis and treatment. The method is based in allergen extracts delivery in the nasal mucosa and the post-challenge measurement of rhinitis symptoms, vasoactive mediators release quantification and nasal obstruction degree evaluated by rhinomanometry. Nasal allergen challenge is a procedure of diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation usefulness, that must be performed in selected patients, in adequate facilities, by experts physicians, with standardised allergen dosages, in an specific nasal area, with objective measurements (rhinomanometry, mediators and secretions of the allergic response) and symptoms scoring that allow get reliable results in patients with allergic rhinitis under study.
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Alérgenos , Testes de Provocação Nasal , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome (LAD) is an altered phagocytic disorder characterised by the deficiency of one or several integrins which are included within the adhesion molecules group and cell surface receptors superfamily. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of a rare primary immunodeficiency case. CLINICAL CASE: A nineteen days-old male newborn was referred to the pediatrics infectology service because a 15 days clinical course characterised by delayed cord detachment; fever and skin lesions in several arcas that evolved to, cellulitis and dermal necrosis: Then he was admitted with the diagnosis of septicemia secondary to omphalitis. There were a partial response to antimicrobial treatment. Thereafter he had recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal fungal and bacterial infections. Then he suffered psychomotor impairment and severe malnutrition. The patient died because septicemia at 5 months-old. WBC counts showed persistent leukocytosis between 42,000 and 133,000 cells/mm3, mostly neutrophils (64%-88%). We also found defective neutrophil quimiotaxis. By flow cytometer it was detected CDII/18 adhesins deficiency. Otherwise immunological, bone marrow biopsy and viral tests were, normal. CONCLUSIONS: Although its prevalence is rare, leukocyte adhesion defects must be considered in those patients with delayed cord detachment, recurrent severe infections and both persistent and elevated neutrophilia and with other primary and secondary immunodeficiencies previously discarded.
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Síndrome da Aderência Leucocítica Deficitária/fisiopatologia , Evolução Fatal , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Contagem de Leucócitos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In this descriptive study we considered age, sex, and admission's month of children under 15 years-old admitted to the emergency room for acute asthma between January 94 to july 95. MATERIAL AND METHOD: There were 594 boys and 421 girls. Male to female mean ratio was 1.4:1. We found a greater and significative admission's number in boys than in girls (x2: p < 0.001). Odds ratio was greater in boys. 1.18 (CI 95%: 1.04-1.35) than in girls, 0.85 (CI 95%: 0.750.96). RESULTS: The acute asthma admissions monthly trend was in third place (median) and second place (mode) when compared with other children's admission diagnoses. Total monthly admissions amount did not show a significative differences when compared the first seven months of 1994 and 1995 (Mann-Whitney's U: p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The acute asthma admissions are currently predominant in boys over girls, and that bronchial asthma is one of the more frequent emergency admission's causes in children.
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Asma/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hospitais Gerais/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , PrevalênciaRESUMO
With the aim to know both the distribution and features of allergic disorders in a third level hospital at Mexico city we performed a descriptive study throughout one year, patients data were obtained from their clinical records at initial evaluation. We attended 1486 patients, 744 females (50.1%) and 742 males (49.9%). Children under 10 years-old were the main ages group (46.8%). Forty-four percent of the patients had at least one atopic relative, one brother or sister in 19.5%. White blood cells results showed peripheral cosinophilia in 57.6% patients and nasal cosinophilia in 58.1%. We found S. aureus, coagulase positive in 55% of 192 positive throat cultures. The more frequent diagnoses were rhinitis and asthma (46.3%), rhinitis (20.7%) and asthma (14.1%). We consider that the more prominent findings were the high index of S. aureus, higher atopic family history in brothers and the association between cosinophilia and allergic disorders.
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Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Especializados/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Admissão do Paciente , PrevalênciaRESUMO
We studied 40 E. coli strains from meat and hamburger and 64 strains from stools of people: 14/64 from traveler's diarrhea and 50/64 from infants with and without diarrhea. We want to know if they could be producing of cytotoxin and enterotoxin in Vero culture cells as well as phenotypic and genotypic relationships. The serotypes that we isolated were different than O:157H:7. We found 3 cytotoxic strains, 77 heat labile enterotoxic strains on Vero culture cells, and 19 E. coli strains with cytotoxin and LT enterotoxin. One strain isolated from infant with diarrhea was negative sorbitol but cytotoxic effect and it was O:55 serotype. The colony blot and cytotonic were found in 90 (86.5%) E. coli strains. The sensitivity of colony blot was 93.75%.