RESUMO

Conocer la asociación específica de las enfermedades metabólicas en la mortalidad por COVID-19, ocurrida en México durante el año crítico de la pandemia de marzo 2020 a marzo 2021. Método. Se utilizó la base nacional de COVID-19 de la Dirección General de Epidemiología. Se analizaron los casos positivos que presentaron las enfermedades metabólicas: cardiovasculares, hipertensión, diabetes y obesidad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para conocer la distribución de los casos fallecidos y no fallecidos. Se empleó la prueba de ji cuadrada para la diferencia de las proporciones. Se utilizaron análisis de regresión logística para conocer la asociación entre las enfermedades metabólicas y la mortalidad por COVID-19 en personas positivas al virus SARS-CoV-2. Los datos fueron ajustados por edad y sexo. Resultados. Se observó la asociación de las enfermedades metabólicas en la mortalidad. La diabetes tuvo mayor porcentaje de letalidad 18,4%. Cuando se conjuntaron las enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes el porcentaje de letalidad subió a 31,5%; la conjunción de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, con hipertensión y diabetes fue la de mayor porcentaje de letalidad 38,7%. La obesidad fue la que tuvo menor incidencia. Conclusiones. Las enfermedades metabólicas en México son un problema de salud pública que afectó la mortalidad por covid-19. Es prioritario atender con políticas públicas preventivas y efectivas en favor de un modelo de consumo alimentario sano, acorde con las necesidades nutrimentales de la población(AU)

To know the specific association of metabolic disease on COVID-19 mortality, occurred during the critical year of the pandemic, from march 2020 to march 2021. Method: The Covid-19 national base of the General Directorate of Epidemiology was used. Positive cases of metabolic diseases were analyzed: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. A descriptive analysis was carried out to find out the distribution of deceased and non-deceased cases. The chi-square test was used for the difference in proportions. Logistic regression analysis was used to understand the association between metabolic diseases and COVID 19 mortality in people who tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The data were adjusted for age and gender. Results: The association of metabolic diseases on mortality was observed. Diabetes had a higher percentage of lethality 18,4%. When cardiovascular disease and diabetes were combined, the fatality rate rose to 31,5%; the combination of cardiovascular diseases, with hypertension and diabetes was the highest percentage of lethality 38,7%. Obesity had the least incidence. Conclusions: Metabolic diseases in México are a public health problem that affected COVID-19 mortality. It is a priority to deal with preventive and effective public policies in favor of a healthy food consumption model, in line with the nutritional needs of the population(AU)

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RESUMO

En 2008 México enfrentó una crisis alimentaria que impactó la adquisición de comestibles, ocho años después se acentuó la tendencia de los alimentos, que son más energéticos y menos nutritivos, ocasionando problemas en la salud de la población. Objetivo: Identificar la adquisición de alimentos y su equivalente en calorías en el 2008 y 2016 en hogares rurales y urbanos del sureste de México. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal, retrospectivo y comparativo de dos muestras independientes a partir de bases de datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Ingreso Gasto en Hogares en México de 2008 y 2016. Se trabajó con un total de 5.840 hogares de los cuales, 3.522 fueron urbanos y 2.318 rurales. Las variables consideradas fueron: encuestas, tipos de hogares y adquisición de alimentos equivalentes en calorías. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba paramétrica t de Student para muestras independientes, medias, desviación estándar y homogeneidad de varianzas, se tomó como significativo una p < ,05 Resultados: los alimentos de mayor adquisición calórica en ambos años y hogares fueron, cereales y productos de origen animal y los menos, verduras y frutas (p < ,001). Los hogares rurales, incrementaron significativamente (p < ,001) los cereales para el 2016, así como en los urbanos, disminuyó en aceites y carnes procesadas (p < ,001). Conclusión: después de la crisis alimentaria del 2008 se observaron cambios alimentarios en hogares rurales, atribuyéndosele más a la transición alimentaria que a la crisis, las familias adquirieron nuevos hábitos alimentarios(AU)

In 2008 México faced a food crisis that impacted the acquisition of groceries, eight years later the trend of foods, which are more energetic and less nutritious, was accentuated, causing problems in the health of the population. Objective: Identify food acquisition and its calorie equivalent in 2008 and 2016 in rural and urban households in southeastern México. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective and comparative study of two independent samples was conducted from databases of the National Household Spending and Income Surveys in Mexico in 2008 and 2016. A total of 5,840 households were worked on, of which 3,522 were urban and 2,318 rural. The variables considered were: surveys, types of households and acquisition of calorie-equivalent foods. For statistical analysis, Student's t parametric test was used for independent samples, mean, standard deviation and variance homogeneity, a p < ,05 was taken as significant. Results: The foods with the highest caloric acquisition in both years and households were cereals and products of animal origin and the least vegetables and fruits (p < ,001). Rural households significantly increased cereals for 2016 (p < ,001), as well as in urban households, decreased in oils and processed meats (p< ,001). Conclusion: After the 2008 food crisis, dietary changes were observed in rural households, with more attributed to the food transition than to the crisis, families acquired new eating habits(AU)

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RESUMO

Resumen A nivel mundial 162 millones de niños no alcanzaron un desarrollo pleno de sus capacidades (Organización de las Naciones Unidas [ONU], 2014). El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de retraso en el neurodesarrollo y de estimulación oportuna de niños residentes de comunidades marginadas de diversas entidades rurales de México, y cuantificar su asociación con el estado de nutrición y otras variables sociodemográficas. Realizamos un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo y de asociación. La muestra fue de 37,495 niños de entre 11 y 13 meses de edad, provenientes de 1,830 localidades rurales de 750 municipios de las 32 entidades de la República Mexicana. El retraso leve del neurodesarrollo ocurrió en el 32.1%, el retraso moderado en el 21.9% y el grave en el 17.2%. El retraso grave se presentó en mayor medida en el estado de Guerrero, Chiapas y Puebla. La condición de estimulación Favorable se presentó en el 52.5%. La asociación entre la estimulación oportuna, el estado de nutrición y el neurodesarrollo es evidente y estadísticamente significativa (p<0.0001). La estimulación insuficiente fue la característica de mayor asociación para padecer atraso en el neurodesarrollo moderado y grave con una razón de momios de 3.440 (p<0.001). Estos datos son relevantes ya que no existe información hasta el momento que nos indique esta asociación cuantificada.

Abstract Worldwide, 162 million children did not reach full development of their capacities (United Nations Organization [UN], 2014). The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of delayed neurodevelopment and timely stimulation of children living in marginalized communities of various rural entities in Mexico, and quantify their association with nutritional status and other sociodemographic variables. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and association study. The sample was of 37,495 children between 11 and 13 months of age, coming from 1,830 rural localities of 750 municipalities of the 32 entities of the Mexican Republic. The slight delay of neurodevelopment occurred in 32.1%, the moderate delay in 21.9% and the severe delay in 17.2%. The serious delay occurred to a greater extent in the state of Guerrero, Chiapas and Puebla. The Favorable stimulation condition was presented in 52.5%. The association between timely stimulation, nutritional status and neurodevelopment is evident and statistically significant (p <0.0001). Insufficient stimulation was the characteristic of greater association to suffer from delay in moderate and severe neurodevelopment with an odds ratio of 3,440 (p <0.001). These data are relevant since there is no information up to the moment that this quantified association indicates.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide public health issue, reaching epidemic condition in developing countries associated to chronic diseases. Oxidative damage is another side effect of obesity. Antioxidant activity from plant components regulates at some extent this imbalance. Main goal of the present study was to determine the antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative-induced damage of Acacia shaffneri (AS) and Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods extracts. METHODS: To evaluated antioxidant activity and radical scavenging capacity of AS and AF extracts, two experiments were performed: 1) pods extracts were challenged against H2O2 using kidney cells in an in vitro assay; and 2) (Meriones unguiculatus) was employed in an in vivo assay to observe the effect of pods extracts on scavenging properties in plasma. RESULTS: Both pods extracts presented an important protective effect on radical scavenging capacity against ABTS• + and DPPH(+), and also in TBARS formation in vitro. Vegetal pods extracts did not induce any pro-oxidative effect when added to kidney cells in DMEM. Cells damage in DMEM with addition of H2O2 was significantly higher than those when vegetal pods extracts were added at 50 (P < 0.05) or 200 ppm (P < 0.001). Plasma scavenging properties presented an important dose-dependent positive effect in those groups where pods extracts were administered. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant protection of the acacia pods extracts reported in this study suggests the possible transference of antioxidant components and protective effects to animal products (milk, meat, and by-products) from Acacia pods when this vegetation is included in the diet. In order to evaluate, the possible transference of theirs antioxidant components to animal products, the incorporation of these non-conventional resources to ruminant feeding is a good opportunity of study. Profiling of Acacia farnesiana pods extract is necessary to identify the responsible bioactive compounds of protective properties.

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