RESUMO

BACKGROUND High altitude increases sunlight exposure, resulting in actinic keratosis, which predisposes people to skin cancer. The dermoscopy procedure evaluates keratotic and pigmented skin changes. This study aimed to describe the clinical and dermoscopic actinic changes in the lips of 25 indigenous children living at high altitude in Ecuador. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational study was conducted in a public school in the Andes region of Ecuador (August-November 2019). Twenty-five children, males and females, age 5-15 years were assessed by complete physical examination, digital dermoscopic photographs, and punch biopsies. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were used to summarize and analyze the data. RESULTS We included 17 (68%) boys and 8 (32%) girls with a mean age of 9.8±2.0 years. Clinical lips findings reported desquamation [52% Upper Lip (UL); 40% Lower Lip (LL)], fissuring (8% UL; 8% LL), scabs (8% UL; 8% LL), and discoloration (40% UL; 20% LL). Dermoscopic features included a white-yellow lip color (24% UL; p=0.02). The main morphologic pattern of blood vessels was monomorphic (88% UL; p<0.001), polymorphous (60% LL; p<0.001), dotted pattern (64% UL; 28% LL; p=0.02), and linear-irregular (32% UL; 72% LL; p=0.01). Girls had radiating white structures on UL (p=0.025), while boys presented white structureless areas (UL 63.6%; LL 77.8%; p=0.032). No differences in dermoscopic findings were observed according to Fitzpatrick scale score (FSS). Punch biopsies showed no indications of actinic cheilitis. CONCLUSIONS Dermoscopic features in indigenous children living in high altitudes were related to actinic damage, but histopathological findings were negative.

Assuntos

Ceratose Actínica , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Lábio , Altitude , Equador , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Ceratose Actínica/diagnóstico , Ceratose Actínica/patologia

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BACKGROUND: In tissues and organisms, the coordination of neighboring cells is essential to maintain their properties and functions. Therefore, knowing which cells are adjacent is crucial to understand biological processes that involve physical interactions among them, e.g. cell migration and proliferation. In addition, some signaling pathways, such as Notch or extrinsic apoptosis, are highly dependent on cell-cell communication. While this is straightforward to obtain from membrane images, nuclei labelling is much more ubiquitous for technical reasons. However, there are no automatic and robust methods to find neighboring cells based only on nuclear markers. RESULTS: In this work, we describe Nfinder, a method to assess the cell's local neighborhood from images with nuclei labeling. To achieve this goal, we approximate the cell-cell interaction graph by the Delaunay triangulation of nuclei centroids. Then, links are filtered by automatic thresholding in cell-cell distance (pairwise interaction) and the maximum angle that a pair of cells subtends with shared neighbors (non-pairwise interaction). We systematically characterized the detection performance by applying Nfinder to publicly available datasets from Drosophila melanogaster, Tribolium castaneum, Arabidopsis thaliana and C. elegans. In each case, the result of the algorithm was compared to a cell neighbor graph generated by manually annotating the original dataset. On average, our method detected 95% of true neighbors, with only 6% of false discoveries. Remarkably, our findings indicate that taking into account non-pairwise interactions might increase the Positive Predictive Value up to + 11.5%. CONCLUSION: Nfinder is the first robust and automatic method for estimating neighboring cells in 2D and 3D based only on nuclear markers and without any free parameters. Using this tool, we found that taking non-pairwise interactions into account improves the detection performance significantly. We believe that using our method might improve the effectiveness of other workflows to study cell-cell interactions from microscopy images. Finally, we also provide a reference implementation in Python and an easy-to-use napari plugin.

Assuntos

Arabidopsis , Drosophila melanogaster , Animais , Caenorhabditis elegans , Microscopia/métodos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Algoritmos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos

RESUMO

The currently growing demand for metallic and polymeric products has undoubtedly changed the rules of manufacturing, enabling customers to more functionally define their products based on their needs. Nowadays, a new technique for rapid tooling, Additive Manufacturing (AM), can create customized products with more complex geometries and short life cycles (flexibility) in order to keep up with the new variables imposed by the manufacturing environment. In the last two decades, the migration from subtractive manufacturing to AM has materialized such products with reduced costs and cycle times. AM has been recently promoted to develop polymer molds for product manufacturing. This paper reviews the main findings in the literature concerning polymer molds created by AM compared to conventional (metal) molds obtained by subtractive manufacturing. Information about specific topics is scarce or nonexistent, for example, about the characterization of the most commonly injected materials and molds used in this type of technology, their mechanical properties (part and mold), designs for all types of geometries, and costs. These aspects are addressed in this literature review, highlighting the advantages of this alternative manufacturing process, which is considered a desirable technology worldwide.

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between chondrolabral damage and time to arthroscopic surgery for slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). METHODS: This was a descriptive retrospective study that enrolled patients with SCFE who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoral osteochondroplasty after SCFE fixation. SCFE type, time from SCFE symptom onset or slip fixation surgery to hip arthroscopy and intraarticular arthroscopic findings were recorded. Acetabular chondrolabral damage was evaluated according to the Konan and Outerbridge classification systems. Nested analysis of variance and the chi-squared test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: We analyzed 22 cases of SCFE in 17 patients (five bilateral). The mean age at the time of hip arthroscopy was 13.6 years-old (8-20), and mean time from SCFE fixation to arthroscopy was 25.1 months (3 weeks to 8 years). Labral frying was present in 20 cases, labral tears in 16 and acetabular chondral damage in 17. The most frequent lesion was type 3 (41%) (Konan classification). Two cases had a grade III and 1 had a grade II acetabular chondral lesion (Outerbridge classification). Positive associations were observed between time from SCFE to hip arthroscopy and hip intraarticular lesions evaluated using Konan (p = 0.004) and Outerbridge (p = 0.000) classification systems. There was no association between SCFE severity (chi-squared = 0.315), stability (chi-squared = 0.558) or temporality (chi-squared = 0.145) type and hip intraarticular lesions. CONCLUSION: A longer time from SCFE symptom onset and fixation to hip arthroscopy is associated with greater acetabular chondrolabral damage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

RESUMO

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of computed tomography (CT)-based residual lung volume (RLV) on mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center, retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database was performed. In total, 138 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Baseline chest CT scan was performed in all patients. CT-based automated and semi-automated lung segmentation was performed using the Alma Medical workstation to calculate normal lung volume, lung opacities volume, total lung volume, and RLV. The primary end point of the study was mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of mortality. RESULTS: Overall, 84 men (61%) and 54 women (39%) with a mean age of 47.3 years (±14.3 y) were included in the study. Overall mortality rate was 21% (29 patients) at a median time of 7 days (interquartile range, 4 to 11 d). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with death (P<0.01). Similarly, patients who died had lower normal lung volume and RLV than patients who survived (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that low RLV was the only independent predictor of death (odds ratio, 1.042; 95% confidence interval, 10.2-10.65). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that a RLV ≤64% significantly increased the risk of death (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-11.7). CONCLUSION: Overall mortality of patients with COVID-19 may reach 21%. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that reduced RLV was the principal independent predictor of death. Furthermore, RLV ≤64% is associated with a 4-fold increase on the risk of death.

Assuntos

COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19/mortalidade , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , COVID-19/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Volume Residual , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Índice de Gravidade de Doença

RESUMO

Gigantism results when one lineage within a clade evolves extremely large body size relative to its small-bodied ancestors, a common phenomenon in animals. Theory predicts that the evolution of giants should be constrained by two tradeoffs. First, because body size is negatively correlated with population size, purifying selection is expected to be less efficient in species of large body size, leading to increased mutational load. Second, gigantism is achieved through generating a higher number of cells along with higher rates of cell proliferation, thus increasing the likelihood of cancer. To explore the genetic basis of gigantism in rodents and uncover genomic signatures of gigantism-related tradeoffs, we assembled a draft genome of the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), the world's largest living rodent. We found that the genome-wide ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations (ω) is elevated in the capybara relative to other rodents, likely caused by a generation-time effect and consistent with a nearly neutral model of molecular evolution. A genome-wide scan for adaptive protein evolution in the capybara highlighted several genes controlling postnatal bone growth regulation and musculoskeletal development, which are relevant to anatomical and developmental modifications for an increase in overall body size. Capybara-specific gene-family expansions included a putative novel anticancer adaptation that involves T-cell-mediated tumor suppression, offering a potential resolution to the increased cancer risk in this lineage. Our comparative genomic results uncovered the signature of an intragenomic conflict where the evolution of gigantism in the capybara involved selection on genes and pathways that are directly linked to cancer.

Assuntos

Evolução Biológica , Tamanho Corporal/genética , Genoma , Roedores/genética , Animais , Feminino , Crescimento/genética , Família Multigênica , Neoplasias/genética , Roedores/crescimento & desenvolvimento

RESUMO

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder defined by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. The early detection of patients at risk of developing preeclampsia is crucial, however, predictive models are still controversial. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a predictive algorithm in the first trimester of pregnancy, in order to identify patients that will subsequently develop preeclampsia, and to study the effect of aspirin on reducing the rate of this complication in patients classified as high risk by this algorithm. A retrospective cohort including 1132 patients attending prenatal care at Clínica Dávila in Santiago, Chile, was conceived. The risk of developing preeclampsia (early and late onset) was calculated using algorithms previously described by Plasencia et al. Patients classified as high risk, in the first trimester of pregnancy, by these algorithms, were candidates to receive 100 mg/daily aspirin as prophylaxis at the discretion of the attending physician. The overall incidence of preeclampsia in this cohort was 3.5% (40/1132), and the model for early onset preeclampsia prediction detected 33% of patients with early onset preeclampsia. Among the 105 patients considered at high risk of developing preeclampsia, 56 received aspirin and 49 patients did not. Among those who received aspirin, 12% (7/56) developed preeclampsia, which is equal to the rate of preeclampsia (12% (6/49)) of those who did not receive this medication. Therefore, the diagnostic performance of an algorithm combining uterine artery Doppler and maternal factors in the first trimester predicted only one third of patients that developed preeclampsia. Among those considered at high risk for developing the disease using this algorithm, aspirin did not change the incidence of preeclampsia, however, this could be due either to the small study sample size or the type of the study, a retrospective, non-interventional cohort study.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Fitzpatrick skin phototype scale (FSPTS) is a widely used instrument to assess skin type. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey collected responses from 254 subjects from Quito regarding self-reported FSPTS, gender, age, education, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if ethnicity, hair color, and eye color significantly predict FSPTS. In addition, we studied the correlation between FSPTS and the SCINEXA scale with Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Ethnicity, eye color, and hair color are significant independent predictors of FSPTS (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Patient self-reported race and pigmentary phenotypes are inaccurate predictors of sun sensitivity as defined by Fitzpatrick skin phototype. Our study does not fully represent the population of the country. There are limitations to using patient-reported race and appearance in predicting individual sunburn risk.

Assuntos

Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/classificação , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/epidemiologia , Pigmentação da Pele , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Equador/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/fisiopatologia , Grupos Raciais , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Pigmentação da Pele/fisiologia , Queimadura Solar/diagnóstico , Queimadura Solar/epidemiologia , Queimadura Solar/etnologia , Queimadura Solar/fisiopatologia , Bronzeado/fisiologia

RESUMO

Contexto: la dermatitis atópica es una enfermedad de etiología desconocida, con predisposición genética y participación de factores ambientales. Más del 80% de niños afectados debutan antes de los 5 años de edad. No se disponen en el país reportes que demuestren la relación entre la severidad de la enfermedad y el impacto familiar que genera la misma. Objetivo: determinar el grado de afectación familiar en niños diagnosticados de dermatitis atópica que acudieron a la consulta externa del "Centro de la Piel" y su relación con la severidad de la enfermedad. Diseño: estudio epidemiológico analítico transversal de período. Métodos y sujetos: el estudio se realizó en niños menores de 12 años que acudieron a la consulta médica del "Centro de la Piel", con diagnóstico de dermatitis atópica entre julio a noviembre del 2015. Se empleó un muestreo aleatorio simple para universo infinito con objetivo cualitativo. La severidad de la dermatitis atópica se clasificó según la escala validada SCORAD. El impacto familiar se determinó con el cuestionario del impacto familiar de la dermatitis DFI y la funcionalidad familiar con la escala de APGAR familiar. Lasasociaciones entre las variables estudiadas se resumieron con Odds Ratio de prevalencia (OR) y los correspondientes intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%) obtenidos mediante distribución binomial. Para el contraste de hipótesis, se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: el estudio reveló que de los 145 participantes, 34 (23,45%) presentaron dermatitis atópica leve, 94 (64,83%) moderada y 17 (11,72%) severa. Se encontró que en más de la mitad de familias investigadas (57,24%) el impacto familiar de la enfermedad fue moderado, 33.1% leve y 9,66% severo. Al relacionar las variables, se demostró que el grado de afectación familiar es proporcional a la severidad de la dermatitis, estadísticamente significativa (valor p= <0,01). La esfera familiar de mayor afectación fue la económica evidenciándose la relación existente entre agravamiento del cuadro con el incremento de los gastos derivados del tratamiento (OR: 5,5; IC 95%: 2,4-12,6). Conclusión: la severidad de la dermatitis atópica se relacionó significativamente con el nivel de impacto familiar percibido por el cuidador. (AU)

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Context: Atopic dermatitis is a disease of unknown etiology, with genetic predisposition and participation of environmental factors. More than 80% of affected children debu-tan before 5 years of age. There are no reports in the country that demonstrate the relationship between the severity of the disease and the family impact generated by it. Objective: to determine the degree of family involvement in children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis who attended the outpatient clinic of the "Skin Center" and its relationship with the severity of the disease. Design: cross-sectional analytical epidemiological study of period. Methods and subjects: the study was conducted in children under 12 years of age who attended the "Skin Center" medical consultation, with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis from July to November 2015. Simple random sampling was used. for infinite universe with qualitative objective. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: the severity of atopic dermatitis was classified according to the SCORAD scale. The family impact was determined with the family impact questionnaire of DFI dermatitis and family functionality with the family APGAR scale. The associations between the variables studied were summarized with Odds Prevalence Ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) obtained by binomial distribution. For the hypothesis test, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: the study revealed that of the 145 participants, 34 (23.45%) presented mild atopic dermatitis, 94 (64.83%) moderate and 17 (11.72%) severe. It was found that in more than half of the families investigated (57.24%) the family impact of the disease was moderate, 33.1% mild and 9.66% severe. By relating the variables, it was shown that the degree of family involvement is proportional to the severity of the dermatitis, statistically significant (p value = <0.01). The most affected family sphere was the economic one, showing the relationship between worsening of the table and the increase in the expenses derived from the treatment (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 2.4-12.6). Conclusion: the severity of atopic dermatitis was significantly related to the level of family impact perceived by the caregiver. (AU)

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Família , Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Dermatopatias , Dermatite , Doenças e Anormalidades Congênitas, Hereditárias e Neonatais

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de complicación de fractura de platillos tibiales Schatzker VI y su manejo quirúrgico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se presenta un caso de fractura de platillos tibial Schatzker VI que evoluciona con malalineamiento en valgo secundario a hundimiento del platillo tibial, junto a una revisión de la literatura y la descripción del manejo quirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Se realizó una osteotomía en cuña de cierre medial de tibia proximal y se estabilizó con placa bloqueada (TomoFix), con una corrección completa de la deformidad sin complicaciones. Discusión: La osteotomía en cuña de cierre medial en tibia proximal es una técnica descrita en el manejo de artrosis secundaria a malalineamiento en valgo de la rodilla. Mediante dos osteotomías iniciadas por la cortical medial hacia la lateral con un fulcro esa última, se retira una cuña de dimensiones conocidas y se mantiene la reducción con algún elemento de osteosíntesis. De esa forma, se permite la corrección angular de la deformidad, previamente planificada. Los resultados en distintas series son en general favorables. CONCLUSIÓN: El malalineamiento de la extremidad posterior a una fractura de platillos tibiales y la consecuente sobrecarga del compartimento afectado en la rodilla, asociado al daño articular, evoluciona con degeneración articular que termina en una artrosis unicompartimental secundaria, la cual puede ser prevenida con el uso de osteotomías correctoras de ejes como la osteotomía de tibia proximal, permitiendo normalizar la distribución de las cargas en los compartimentos mediante la corrección del eje mecánico alterado y así prolongar la sobrevida articular.

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OBJECTIVE: To present a Schatzker VI tibial plateau fracture case complication and its surgical management METHODS: We present a case of tibial plateau fracture, type VI according to Schatzkeŕs classification, that developed limb malalignment secondary to tibial plateau depression resulting in a genu valgum deformity, along with a literature review and a brief description of the surgical technique. Results: High tibial medial closing wedge osteotomy, stabilized with locking plate (tomoFix) was performed, with a complete correction of the deformity without complications. DISCUSSION: High tibial medial closing wedge is a known procedure used in the management of valgus knee malalignment secondary osteoarthritis. By means of two osteotomies made from medial to lateral cortices, using the latter as a fulcrum, a wedge with known dimensions is subtracted and reduction is maintained with some osteosynthesis element. In this fashion, it allows the previously planned angular correction. Results in different reports are mostly favorable. CONCLUSION: The malalignment of the limb after a tibial plateau fracture and the consequent overload of the affected knee compartment; associated with joint damage, evolves in joint degeneration and eventually, in a secondary unicompartmental osteoarthritis. This can be avoided with the use of corrective osteotomies such as the proximal tibial osteotomy, which allows a proper distribution of loads in the compartments by correcting the altered mechanical axis and thus, prolonging joint survival.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Geno Valgo/cirurgia , Joelho/cirurgia , Osteotomia/métodos , Geno Valgo/etiologia , Fraturas da Tíbia/complicações

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción La Diabetes tipo 2 es la enfermedad endocrina más frecuente y una de las principales causas de morbi-mortalidad en nuestros días. Es una enfermedad compleja que requiere de un tratamiento integral, que implica cambios en el estilo de vida del paciente. Para el abordaje de este fenómeno se toma el modelo transteorético desarrollado por James O. Prochaska, el cual propone que las personas hagan cambios en etapas y que se muevan, en forma secuencial, a través de estadios mientras experimentan diferentes procesos de cambio. Objetivo Determinar el estadio y balance decisional de cambio de conducta en personas que viven con diabetes y criterios para insulinoterapia, que acuden a control al Centro de Salud de Ekmul, Yucatán, con base en el modelo transteorético y con enfoque cualitativo. Materiales y Métodos Se seleccionó cinco pacientes que contaban con criterios para insulinoterapia, pero renuentes. Se utilizaron como instrumentos los cuestionarios de datos generales y de etapas de cambio, un árbol de problemas y un diagrama causa-efecto. Resultados Cinco pacientes realizaron las actividades planteadas, identificándose tres (60%) en el estadio de precontemplación y dos (40%) en contemplación. Con el gráfico causa-efecto se obtuvieron en total 16 aseveraciones con respecto al uso de la insulina, 10 (62.5%) en contra y seis (37.5%) a favor. Conclusiones El balance decisional dentro de las etapas identificadas otorga un mayor peso a las desventajas del uso de insulina generando una oposición a un cambio conductual a corto plazo. La desinformación de la fisiología elemental de la enfermedad ocasiona que se adjudiquen falsos conceptos al uso de la insulina, lo que además es propiciado por los factores psicológicos, como el temor a lo desconocido, y sociales, como el estigma ya generado por los falsos conceptos. Esto forma un círculo vicioso que impide el inicio oportuno de la terapia con insulina.

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Abstract Introduction Type II diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of our days. It is a complex disease which requires an integral approach. Objective To determine the behavioral stage and the decisional balance of change of conduct in patients with type II diabetes who fulfill the insulin therapy criteria by using the transtheoretical model with a qualitative focus at Ekmul, Health Center in Yucatan Materials and Methods Eight patients, with dual oral hypoglycemic drug therapy, at a maximum dose and with no glycemic control, were chosen with a convenience sampling. In order to obtain Personal information and to know the stages of change we used questionnaires along with a cause-effect diagram and a problem tree. Results Five women completed the proposed activities, three (60%) of them where identified in the pre-contemplation stage and two in the contemplation stage. A total of 16 answers from the cause-effect diagram, related to insulin usage, showed that ten (62.5%) is against it and six (37.5%) in favor of it. Conclusions The decisional balance within the identified stages gives greater weight to the disadvantages of insulin therapy which generates resistance to short-term behavioral change. The misinformation of the elemental physiology of the disease causes false concepts of the insulin usage which is reinforced by psychological factors, such as the fear of the unknown and the social stigma. These contribute to form a vicious circle that prevents the timely initiation of insulin therapy.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Giardiasis is one of the most common intestinal infections in the world. There have been no national studies on the morbidity of giardiasis in Colombia. In this study, incidence rates of giardiasis were estimated for the years 2009-2013. METHODS: An observational, retrospective study of the giardiasis incidence in Colombia, 2009-2013, was performed using data extracted from the personal health records system (Registro Individual de Prestación de Servicios, RIPS). Official population estimates from the National Department of Statistics (DANE) were used for the estimation of crude and adjusted incidence rates (cases/100 000 population). RESULTS: During the period studied, 15 851 cases were reported (median 3233/year; 5-year cumulated crude national rate of 33.97 cases/100 000 population). Of these, 50.3% were female; 58.4% were <10 years old and 14.8% were 10-19 years old. By region, 17.7% were from Bogotá (10.07 cases/100 000 population, 2009), 10.9% from Antioquia (9.42, 2009), 8.6% from Atlántico (15.67, 2009), and 6.5% from Risaralda (33.38, 2009). Cases were reported in all departments (even insular areas). CONCLUSIONS: As giardiasis is neglected in many countries, surveillance is not regularly undertaken. Despite its limitations, this study is the first attempt to provide estimates of national giardiasis incidence with consistent findings regarding affected age groups and geographical distribution.

Assuntos

Giardíase/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo

Assuntos

Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissão , Cidades/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controle

Assuntos

Bibliometria , Pesquisa Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Humanos

Assuntos

Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/patologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Competência Profissional , Estudantes de Medicina , Cidades , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários

RESUMO

The present research determined the total mercury concentrations in muscle and liver tissue in fish collected from the Magdalena River watershed. A total of 378 muscle samples and 102 liver samples were included in the analysis. The highest mean mercury level in muscle tissue was found in the noncarnivore, Pimelodus blochii. However, as a group, carnivores had significantly higher (p < 0.05) mercury levels in their muscle tissue than noncarnivores. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) was obtained between fish mass and mercury concentrations in muscle or liver in four species. No differences were observed in total mercury concentration based either on species or gender.

Assuntos

Peixes/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Mercúrio/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Animais , Colômbia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Rios/química , Poluição Química da Água/estatística & dados numéricos , Áreas Alagadas

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to determine whether fish collected from the La Miel or Nechí Rivers (Colombia) differed in muscle methyl mercury (meHg) concentration. Two fish from six different species were collected from markets adjacent to each river. Overall, fish collected from the market adjacent to the Nechí River contained higher levels of meHg. This result however is being driven by very high meHg concentrations in four individual fish, three of which are Pimelodid, long-whiskered catfish. These catfish may represent ideal sentinel organism for the detection of meHg contamination in Colombian rivers.

Assuntos

Monitoramento Ambiental , Peixes/metabolismo , Compostos de Metilmercúrio/metabolismo , Rios/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Animais , Colômbia , Mineração , Poluição Química da Água/estatística & dados numéricos

RESUMO

Experimental redox potentials of the couples [Cu(R-L ( n ))(CH 3CN)] (2+,+), where L (1) is bis-(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)-benzylamine, L (2) is (pyridine-2-ylethyl)(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)-benzylamine, and R is H, Me, or CF 3, were determined in dichloromethane solution. The compounds exhibited one simple quasi-reversible wave over the measured potential range of -500 to +1200 mV, and the E 1/2 values varied from +200 to +850 mV versus SCE. These experimental values were correlated with redox potentials calculated using density functional theory. The optimized geometries and the predicted redox potentials were obtained using the BP86 functional and a combination of the basis sets LACV3P** (for Cu) and cc-pVTZ(-f) (for light atoms). A distortion analysis of all of the optimized geometries for both oxidation states was performed using the generalized interconversion coordinate phi. A linear relation was obtained between this parameter and the redox potentials. However, the [Cu(CF 3-L (1))(CH 3CN)] (+) complex showed the largest deviation, which was explained by the more-rigid structure of the ligand.

Assuntos

Benzilaminas/química , Cobre/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Piridinas/química , Eletroquímica , Ligantes , Oxirredução , Termodinâmica

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio observacional-descriptivo a 55 embarazadas con polihidramnios atendidas en la consulta de genética–embarazo y que ingresaron en el Hospital Provincial Docente Ginecoobstétrico Ana Betancourt de Mora en Camagüey durante los años 2002-2003, para conocer el comportamiento del mismo en nuestro medio. Se analizaron distintas variables y concluimos que el 69,1 por ciento de las pacientes tenían entre 20-34 años, de ellas 29 presentaron partos anteriores para el 52,7 por ciento. La rotura prematura de membranas y el parto pretérmino en 13 y 10 pacientes respectivamente estuvo presente como complicación del embarazo. El hidramnios ligero se encontró en el 56,3 por ciento de la gestantes. El diagnóstico se realizó clínico y ultrasonográfico después de las 20 semanas (72,7 por ciento). El 38,2 por ciento de las pacientes interrumpieron el embarazo por solicitud propia debido a malformaciones y el 43,6 por ciento llegaron al término. Terminaron el parto por cesárea 31 pacientes para el 56,3 por ciento. Las malformaciones congénitas y las muertes con seis neonatos para el 10,9 por ciento respectivamente fueron las causas de morbimortalidad neonatal más frecuente

Assuntos

Feminino , Humanos , Cesárea , Anormalidades Congênitas , Poli-Hidrâmnios