RESUMO
Ecological processes that are behind distributions of species that inhabit isolated localities, complex disjunct distributions, remain poorly understood. Traditionally, vicariance and dispersion have been proposed as explanatory mechanisms that drive such distributions. However, to date, our understanding of the ecological processes driving evolution of ecological niches associated with disjunct distributions remains rudimentary. Here, we propose a framework to deconstruct drivers of such distribution using World's most widespread freshwater fish Galaxias maculatus as a model and integrating marine and freshwater environments where its life cycle may occur. Specifically, we assessed ecological and historical factors (Gondwanan vicariance, marine dispersion) and potential dispersion (niche-tracking) that explain its distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. Estimated distribution was consistent with previously reported distribution and mainly driven by temperature and topography in freshwater environments and by primary productivity and nitrate in marine environments. Niche dynamics of G. maculatus provided evidence of synergy between vicariance and marine dispersion as explanatory mechanisms of its disjunct distribution, suggesting that its ecological niche was conserved since approximately 30 Ma ago. This integrated assessment of ecological niche in marine and freshwater environments serves as a generic framework that may be applied to understand processes underpinning complex distributions of diadromous species.
Los procesos ecológicos que subyacen a las distribuciones de especies que habitan en localidades aisladas, distribuciones disjuntas complejas, siguen siendo poco conocidos. Tradicionalmente, se han propuesto la dispersión y la vicarianza como mecanismos explicativos de tales distribuciones. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, nuestra comprensión de los procesos ecológicos que impulsan la evolución de los nichos ecológicos de distribuciones disjuntas sigue siendo rudimentaria. Aquí proponemos un marco para deconstruir los factores que impulsan dicha distribución, utilizando como modelo el pez de agua dulce con distribución más extendida del mundo, Galaxias maculatus, e integrando los entornos marinos y dulceacuícolas en los que se desarrolla su ciclo vital. En concreto, evaluamos los factores ecológicos e históricos (vicarianza gondwánica, dispersión marina) que explican su distribución en el hemisferio sur. La distribución estimada coincide con la descrita anteriormente para la especie y está determinada principalmente por la temperatura y la topografía en ambientes dulceacuícolas, y la productividad primaria y el nitrato en ambientes marinos. La dinámica de nicho de G. maculatus aportó pruebas de la sinergia entre vicarianza y dispersión marina como mecanismos explicativos de su distribución disjunta, lo que sugiere que su nicho ecológico se conservó desde hace aproximadamente 30 Ma. Esta evaluación integrada del nicho ecológico en ambientes marinos y dulceacuícolas puede aplicarse para comprender los procesos que subyacen a las distribuciones complejas de especies diádromas.
Assuntos
Distribuição Animal , Evolução Biológica , Ecossistema , Água Doce , Animais , Osmeriformes/fisiologiaRESUMO
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los leiomiomas uterinos son las neoplasias benignas más comunes en mujeres en edad reproductiva. En casos excepcionales puede haber cambios degenerativos que condicionan complicaciones, como los piomiomas. Su diagnóstico es complejo. Al inicio, por los síntomas y por las imágenes radiográficas pueden confundirse con degeneración roja. La resonancia magética es útil en procesos inflamatorios y necrosis. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 26 años, con dolor en el hipogastrio y sangrado uterino anormal. En la consulta de valoración, con base en el ultrasonido, se diagnosticó un mioma de gran tamaño. A los diez días siguientes el dolor aumentó en intensidad. Se le indicó un estudio con resonancia magnética que reportó la existencia de un leiomioma de 9 cm en su eje mayor y clasificación 2-5 de la FIGO. En la cuenca de difusión se observó una degeneración roja. Ante los síntomas y hallazgos se procedió a la miomectomía laparoscópica y a las 24 horas inició con datos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica que obligaron a su traslado a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. CONCLUSIÓN: Debido a la baja incidencia de los piomiomas, esta complicación no se encuentra entre los principales diagnósticos diferenciales ante un leiomioma sintomático. A pesar de ello, debido al dolor pélvico, sepsis y ausencia de foco infeccioso, al igual que cambios sugerentes de necrosis e inflamación en la resonancia magnética, debe tenerse una alta sospecha de piomioma para un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento adecuado.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign neoplasms in women of reproductive age. In exceptional cases there may be degenerative changes that lead to complications, such as pyomyomas. Their diagnosis is complex. At the beginning, due to the symptoms and radiographic images it can be confused with red degeneration. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging has proved to be useful in inflammatory processes and necrosis. CLINICAL CASE: 26-year-old patient with pain in the hypogastrium and abnormal uterine bleeding. In the evaluation consultation based on ultrasound, a large myoma was diagnosed. Ten days later the pain increased in intensity. A magnetic resonance imaging study was indicated, which reported the existence of a leiomyoma of 9 cm in its major axis and FIGO classification 2-5. A red degeneration was observed in the diffusion basin. In view of the symptoms and findings, laparoscopic myomectomy was performed and after 24 hours she started with data of systemic inflammatory response that forced her transfer to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: Due to the low incidence of pyomyomas, this complication is not among the main differential diagnoses for a symptomatic leiomyoma. Nevertheless, due to pelvic pain, sepsis and absence of infectious focus as well as changes suggestive of necrosis and inflammation on MRI, pyomyoma should be highly suspected for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
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Longitudinal movement plays fundamental role in habitat colonization and population establishment of many riverine fish species. Movement patterns of amphidromous fish species at fine-scales that would allow characterizing the direction of movement and factors associated with the establishment of specific life-history strategies (resident or amphidromous) in rivers are still poorly understood. We assess fine-scale longitudinal movement variability patterns of facultative amphidromous fish species Galaxias maculatus in order to unfold its life-history variation and associated recruitment habitats. Specifically, we analyzed multi-elemental composition along core to edge transects in ear-bones (otoliths) of each fish using recursive partitions that divides the transect along signal discontinuities. Fine-scale movement assessment in five free-flowing river systems allowed us to identify movement direction and potential recruitment habitats. As such, resident recruitment of G. maculatus in freshwater (71%) and estuarine (24%) habitats was more frequent than amphidromous recruitment (5%), and was linked to availability of slow-flowing lotic or lentic habitats that produce or retain small-bodied prey consumed by their larvae. We postulate that life-history variation and successful recruitment of facultative amphidromous fish such as G. maculatus in river systems is driven by availability of suitable recruitment habitats and natural hydrologic connectivity that allows fish movement to these habitats.
Assuntos
Migração Animal , Comportamento Animal , Peixes/fisiologia , Osmeriformes/fisiologia , Animais , Ecossistema , Água Doce , RiosRESUMO
"Memory imprint" refers to the process when prior exposure to stress prepares the plant for subsequent stress episodes. Seed priming is a strategy to change the performance of seedlings to cope with stress; however, mechanisms associated with the metabolic response are fragmentary. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae) is a promising crop to sustain food security and possesses a wide genetic diversity of salinity tolerance. To elucidate if the metabolic memory induced by seed halo-priming (HP) differs among contrasting saline tolerance plants, seeds of two ecotypes of Quinoa (Socaire from Atacama Salar, and BO78 from Chilean Coastal/lowlands) were treated with a saline solution and then germinated and grown under different saline conditions. The seed HP showed a more positive impact on the sensitive ecotype during germination and promoted changes in the metabolomic profile in both ecotypes, including a reduction in carbohydrates (starch) and organic acids (citric and succinic acid), and an increase in antioxidants (ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol) and related metabolites. These changes were linked to a further reduced level of oxidative markers (methionine sulfoxide and malondialdehyde), allowing improvements in the energy use in photosystem II under saline conditions in the salt-sensitive ecotype. In view of these results, we conclude that seed HP prompts a "metabolic imprint" related to ROS scavenger at the thylakoid level, improving further the physiological performance of the most sensitive ecotype.
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Las duplicaciones gastrointestinales son malformaciones congénitas raras que pueden presentarse en diferentes partes del tracto gastrointestinal, de tamaño y sintomatología variable. Las duplicaciones gástricas representan el 3-5% de estas malformaciones. La presentación más frecuente es la quística, en la mayoría de los casos en la curvatura mayor. El diagnóstico es raro en la edad adulta y el tratamiento de elección es quirúrgico, el cual puede llevarse a cabo de forma convencional o por mínima invasión. Se presenta el caso de una mujer adulta con diagnóstico de quiste de duplicación gástrica en fondo gástrico adyacente a la unión gastroesofágica a quien se realizó resección total por laparoscopia.Gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital malformations, they can appear in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, of variable size and symptomatology. Gastric duplications represent 3-5% of these malformations, the most frequent presentation is statistical, located mostly in the greater curvature, the diagnosis is rare in adulthood, the treatment of choice is surgical, which can be carried out in a conventional or minimally invasive manner. We present the case of an adult woman diagnosed with a gastric duplication cyst in the gastric fundus adjacent to the gastroesophageal junction, who underwent total resection by laparoscopy.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Adulto , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Resumen: Un hombre de 66 años portador de una prótesis valvular aórtica SJM Biocor® (Saint Jude Medical, St Paul, Minn), instalada 6 años antes, se presentó con disnea severa de rápida instalación. Mediante ecocardiografía de superficie y transesofágica se demostró insuficiencia aórtica masiva y el paciente fue reintervenido con éxito. En la operación se observó un desprendimiento parcial de la inserción del velo coronario izquierdo al anillo protésico. No había endocarditis. Se implantó una nueva prótesis biológica Trifecta® (Saint Jude Inc, St Paul, Minn) N°27. La evolución precoz y a 2 años de la intervención es muy satisfactoria.
Abstract A 66 year-old man with a SJM Biocor® (Saint Jude Medical, St Paul, Minn) implanted 6 years before developed unexpected severe dyspnea. Surface and transesophageal echocardiograms confirmed severe aortic regurgitation. The patient was rapidly re operated on. There was a partial detachment of the left coronary leaflet form the valve annulus. There was no evidence of endocarditis. A new valve (Trifecta® (Saint Jude Inc, St Paul, Minn) N°27). was inserted. Clinical course has been uneventful up to two years post surgery.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/etiologia , Ruptura Espontânea/complicações , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Reoperação , Bioprótese/efeitos adversos , Ecocardiografia TransesofagianaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early seed germination and a functional root system development during establishment are crucial attributes contributing to nutrient competence under marginal nutrient soil conditions. Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Chenopodiaceae) is a rustic crop, able to grow in marginal areas. Altiplano and Coastal/Lowlands are two representative zones of quinoa cultivation in South America with contrasting soil fertility and edaphoclimatic conditions. In the present work, we hypothesize that the ecotypes of Quinoa from Altiplano (landrace Socaire) and from Coastal/Lowland (landrace Faro) have developed differential adaptive responses in order to survive under conditions of low availability of N in their respective climatic zones of Altiplano and Lowlands. In order to understand intrinsic differences for N competence between landraces, seed metabolite profile and germinative capacity were studied. Additionally, in order to elucidate the mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation at limiting N conditions during establishment, germinated seeds of both landraces were grown at either sufficient nitrate (HN) or low nitrate (LN) supply. We studied the photosynthetic performance, protein storage, root morphometrical parameters, activity and expression of N-assimilating enzymes, and the expression of nitrate transporters of roots in plants submitted to the different treatments. RESULTS: Seeds from Socaire landrace presented higher content of free N-related metabolites and faster seed germination rate compared to Faro landrace. Seedlings of both ecotypes presented similar physiological performance at HN supply, but at LN supply their differences were exalted. At LN, Socaire plants showed an increased root biomass (including a higher number and total length of lateral roots), a differential regulation of a nitrate transporter (a NPF6.3-like homologue) belonging to the Low Affinity Transport System (LATS), and an upregulation of a nitrate transporter (a NRT2.1-like homologue) belonging to the High Affinity nitrate Transport System (HATS) compared to Faro. These responses as a whole could be linked to a higher amount of stored proteins in leaves, associated to an enhanced photochemical performance in Altiplano plants, in comparison to Lowland quinoa plants. CONCLUSIONS: These differential characteristics of Socaire over Faro plants could involve an adaptation to enhanced nitrate uptake under the brutal unfavorable climate conditions of Altiplano.
Assuntos
Chenopodium quinoa/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Plântula/metabolismo , Sementes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/metabolismo , Chenopodium quinoa/genética , Chenopodium quinoa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Chile , Ecótipo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Germinação , Glutamato-Amônia Ligase/metabolismo , Nitrato Redutase/metabolismo , Transportadores de Nitrato , Nitratos/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sementes/fisiologiaRESUMO
The Ministry of Health (MoH) stated the National Digital Health Strategy 2018-2024 in order to establish the conceptual guidelines for the design and development of interoperable health information systems. It included the creation of a National Digital Health Network, and a Citizen Health Portal to inform and empower patients about their rights. For instance, the Digital Vaccination Card is already available and has equal legal validity as its paper version. The platform also works as a personal privacy manager, to configure the consent for Health Information Exchange through the network, or to check the access logs. This paper outlines the implementation experience of this powerful tool at a national level.
Assuntos
Privacidade , Argentina , Troca de Informação em Saúde , HumanosRESUMO
The continuous search for novel enzyme backbones and the engineering of already well studied enzymes for biotechnological applications has become an increasing challenge, especially by the increasing potential diversity space provided by directed enzyme evolution approaches and the demands of experimental data generated by rational design of enzymes. In this work, we propose a semi-rational mutational strategy focused on introducing diversity in structurally variable regions in enzymes. The identified sequences are subjected to a progressive deletion of two amino acids and the joining residues are subjected to saturation mutagenesis using NNK degenerate codons. This strategy offers a novel library diversity approach while simultaneously decreasing enzyme size in the variable regions. In this way, we intend to identify and reduce variable regions found in enzymes, probably resulting from neutral drift evolution, and simultaneously studying the functional effect of said regions. This strategy was applied to Bacillus. subtilis lipase A (BSLA), by selecting and deleting six variable enzyme regions (named regions 1 to 6) by the deletion of two amino acids and additionally randomizing the joining amino acid residues. After screening, no active variants were found in libraries 1% and 4%, 15% active variants were found in libraries 2% and 3%, and 25% for libraries 5 and 6 (n = 3000 per library, activity detected using tributyrin agar plates). Active variants were assessed for activity in microtiter plate assay (pNP-butyrate), thermal stability, substrate preference (pNP-butyrate, -palmitate), and compared to wildtype BSLA. From these analyses, variant P5F3 (F41L-ΔW42-ΔD43-K44P), from library 3 was identified, showing increased activity towards longer chain p-nitrophenyl fatty acid esters, when compared to BSLA. This study allowed to propose the targeted region 3 (positions 40-46) as a potential modulator for substrate specificity (fatty acid chain length) in BSLA, which can be further studied to increase its substrate spectrum and selectivity. Additionally, this variant showed a decreased thermal resistance but interestingly, higher isopropanol and Triton X-100 resistance. This deletion-randomization strategy could help to expand and explore sequence diversity, even in already well studied and characterized enzyme backbones such as BSLA. In addition, this strategy can contribute to investigate and identify important non-conserved regions in classic and novel enzymes, as well as generating novel biocatalysts with increased performance in specific processes, such as enzyme immobilization.
Assuntos
Bacillus subtilis/genética , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Engenharia de Proteínas/métodos , Esterol Esterase/genética , Aminoácidos/genética , Bacillus subtilis/enzimologia , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Biblioteca Gênica , Hidrólise , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Conformação Proteica , Deleção de Sequência/genética , Esterol Esterase/metabolismo , Especificidade por Substrato/genéticaRESUMO
Although the etiology of schizophrenia is still unknown, it is accepted to be a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from the interaction of genetic vulnerabilities and environmental insults. Although schizophrenia's pathophysiology is still unclear, postmortem studies point toward a dysfunction of cortical interneurons as a central element. It has been suggested that alterations in parvalbumin-positive interneurons in schizophrenia are the consequence of a deficient signaling through NMDARs. Animal studies demonstrated that early postnatal ablation of the NMDAR in corticolimbic interneurons induces neurobiochemical, physiological, behavioral, and epidemiological phenotypes related to schizophrenia. Notably, the behavioral abnormalities emerge only after animals complete their maturation during adolescence and are absent if the NMDAR is deleted during adulthood. This suggests that interneuron dysfunction must interact with development to impact on behavior. Here, we assess in vivo how an early NMDAR ablation in corticolimbic interneurons impacts on mPFC and ventral hippocampus functional connectivity before and after adolescence. In juvenile male mice, NMDAR ablation results in several pathophysiological traits, including increased cortical activity and decreased entrainment to local gamma and distal hippocampal theta rhythms. In addition, adult male KO mice showed reduced ventral hippocampus-mPFC-evoked potentials and an augmented low-frequency stimulation LTD of the pathway, suggesting that there is a functional disconnection between both structures in adult KO mice. Our results demonstrate that early genetic abnormalities in interneurons can interact with postnatal development during adolescence, triggering pathophysiological mechanisms related to schizophrenia that exceed those caused by NMDAR interneuron hypofunction alone.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT NMDAR hypofunction in cortical interneurons has been linked to schizophrenia pathophysiology. How a dysfunction of GABAergic cortical interneurons interacts with maturation during adolescence has not been clarified yet. Here, we demonstrate in vivo that early postnatal ablation of the NMDAR in corticolimbic interneurons results in an overactive but desynchronized PFC before adolescence. Final postnatal maturation during this stage outspreads the impact of the genetic manipulation toward a functional disconnection of the ventral hippocampal-prefrontal pathway, probably as a consequence of an exacerbated propensity toward hippocampal-evoked depotentiation plasticity. Our results demonstrate a complex interaction between genetic and developmental factors affecting cortical interneurons and PFC function.
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Hipocampo/metabolismo , Interneurônios/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Vias Neurais/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Ritmo Teta/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introducción. Pese a las estrategias de vigilancia se cree que existe subregistro de dengue, lo que puede ser secundario a la no detección de casos ya sea por no consulta del paciente, por falla en el diagnóstico o diligenciamiento de fichas de notificación. Objetivo. Estimar el subregistro de los casos de dengue en el municipio de Tocaima durante el periodo de enero a septiembre de 2019 y establecer los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas respecto al dengue de los habitantes del municipio. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio transversal de prevalencia durante el período de enero a septiembre de 2019 en la población urbana de Tocaima, mediante encuestas a dos viviendas de las 262 manzanas seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple en la búsqueda activa comunitaria y en el 100% de los registros individuales de prestación de servicios y del sistema de vigilancia nacional en salud pública SIVIGILA mediante Búsqueda Activa Institucional BAI. Resultados. Se encuestaron 440 personas de las cuales 19 manifestaron haber presentado síntomas y signos de dengue en el periodo de estudio, de estos, seis personas no asistieron a consulta médica. El Subregistro Comunitario por falta de asistencia a consulta médica fue de 31,5%. Se identificaron en SIVIGILA 125 casos de dengue notificados en el periodo y 156 en el Registro Individual de Prestación de Servicios (RIPS), aplicando el método de Chandra-Sekar Deming se estimaron un total de 257 casos, para un Subregistro Institucional de SIVIGILA de 48,5%. Conclusiones. Son diversas las razones por las cuales no se notificaron todos los casos de la enfermedad al sistema de vigilancia, la primera es que solo se notifican los casos de las personas que consultan a los servicios de salud y que además viven en Tocaima, la segunda es que algunos casos detectados no se notificaron al sistema de vigilancia por errores de procedimiento, o por desconocimiento del diagnóstico por el personal de salud.
Introduction. Despite the surveillance strategies, it is believed that there is an underreporting of dengue, which may be secondary to the non-detection of cases, either due to non-consultation of the patient, due to failure in the diagnosis or filling in of notification sheets. Objective. Estimate the under-registration of dengue cases in the municipality of Tocaima during the period from January to September 2019 and to establish the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue of the inhabitants of the municipality. Methodology and materials. A cross-sectional study of prevalence was carried out during the period from January to September 2019, in the urban population of Tocaima, through surveys of 2 dwellings of the 262 blocks selected by simple random sampling in the active community search, and in 100% of individual records of service provision and Sivigila through institutional active search. Results. 440 people were surveyed, 19 of whom reported having symptoms and signs of dengue in the study period, of these, six people did not attend a medical consultation. The Community Under-registration for lack of attendance at medical consultation was 31.5%. 125 cases of dengue reported in the period were identified in SIVIGILA and 156 in the Individual Service Provision Registry (RIPS), applying the Chandra-Sekar Deming method, a total of 257 cases were estimated, for a SIVIGILA Institutional Sub-registry of 48,5%. Conclusions. There are several reasons why not all cases of the disease were notified to the surveillance system, the first is that only the cases of people who consult the health services and who also live in Tocaima, the second, some cases detected were not notified to the surveillance system due to procedural errors, or due to lack of knowledge of the diagnosis by health personne.
Assuntos
Prontuários Médicos , Dengue , Sistema de Registros , Saúde Pública/métodos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Administradores de Registros Médicos/educaçãoRESUMO
CD300a is an inhibitory immunoreceptor expressed in lymphoid and myeloid cells. This study evaluates whether CD300a plays a role in the control of joint inflammation in a model of Ag-induced arthritis (AIA) in mice. CD300a was found to be expressed mostly on neutrophils and its expression was enhanced on neutrophils that migrated to the inflamed synovial cavity. Joint inflammation, as characterized by neutrophil accumulation, was significantly greater in CD300a KO (CD300a-/- ) mice subjected to AIA, as compared to WT mice. This was associated with joint dysfunction, as measured by lower mechanical nociception threshold. There was greater production of the chemokine CXCL1 and the cytokine IL-6 in joints of CD300a-/- mice. In vitro, MÏs from CD300a-/- mice released higher concentrations of CXCL1 and IL-6 in response to LPS. Splenocytes from immunized CD300a-/- mice produced increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 and lower levels of IL-10 when challenged with Ag than cells from WT mice. Neutrophils lacking the CD300a gene had greater chemotactic activity in response to fMLP, CXCL1, and LTB4 than WT neutrophils. In conclusion, these results reveal that the absence of CD300a promotes exacerbation of inflammation in a model of Ag-induced arthritis, suggesting that CD300a is an important receptor for negatively controlling the inflammatory response in this model. Mechanistically, CD300a seems to regulate the activity of various immune cells types involved in the process, including neutrophils, MÏs, and lymphocytes.
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Antígenos/efeitos adversos , Artrite Experimental/metabolismo , Artrite Experimental/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/patologia , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos/metabolismo , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Quimiotaxia , Citocinas/biossíntese , Progressão da Doença , Inflamação/complicações , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Infiltração de Neutrófilos , Neutrófilos/patologia , Nociceptividade , Dor/complicações , Dor/patologia , Baço/patologia , Membrana Sinovial/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if an intraoperative cerebral regional oxygen saturation (crSO2) decrease, less pronounced than 20% below baseline (the current threshold believed to be associated with cognitive dysfunction in adults), is associated with negative postoperative behavioral changes (NPOBC) in the pediatric population after noncardiac surgeries. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study was conducted with 198 children aged 2-12 years old scheduled for noncardiac procedures under general anesthesia. Intraoperatively, crSO2 was monitored with a cerebral oximeter. On postoperative day 7, the Post-Hospital Behavior Questionnaire was used to diagnose NPOBC. RESULTS: The incidence of NPOBC was 38.8%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that with every 1% reduction of crSO2 from the baseline value, the odds of developing NPOBC were 1.199 higher. Likewise, preoperative anxiety (OR 2.832, P = .006), duration of surgery (OR 1.026, P < .0001), and being between the ages of 2 and 3 years (OR 2.604, P = .048) were associated with NPOBC incidence. The multivariable logistic regression model receiver operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve (95% CI) = 0.820 (0.759-0.881). CONCLUSIONS: During noncardiac surgeries in the pediatric population, an intraoperative decrease in crSO2 less pronounced than 20% from the baseline value is associated with negative postoperative behavior changes on postoperative day 7. The long-term implications remain to be determined, but this supports attention to crSO2 during noncardiac surgeries.
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Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/complicações , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Fatores Etários , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Oximetria , Pediatria , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao InfravermelhoRESUMO
Although vitrification is the current method of choice for oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, it may have detrimental effects on reduction-oxidation status and mitochondrial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing invitro culture (IVC) media and/or vitrification solutions with the antioxidant resveratrol on active mitochondria, mitochondrial superoxide production and lipid peroxidation. Abattoir-derived oocytes were matured and fertilised invitro using standard procedures. Following IVF (21h later), zygotes were cultured in IVC medium supplemented with 0 or 0.5µM resveratrol. On Day 7, blastocysts were vitrified using the Cryotech Vitrification Kit (Cryo Tech Laboratory) with or without 0.5µM resveratrol. After warming, active mitochondria, mitochondrial superoxide production and lipid peroxidation were evaluated using Mito Tracker Green FM, MitoSOX Red and BODIPY581/591 C11 staining respectively. The vitrification-warming process significantly increased active mitochondria and mitochondrial superoxide production in bovine embryos (P<0.05, ANOVA). The addition of 0.5µM resveratrol to the IVC medium or vitrification solutions significantly attenuated the increase in active mitochondria (P<0.05), but not in mitochondrial superoxide production, whereas embryos cultured and vitrified with resveratrol showed the highest values for both parameters (P<0.05). Regarding lipid peroxidation, no significant differences were detected between treatments. In conclusion, resveratrol supplementation of IVC medium or vitrification solutions contributes to recovery of an embryo's 'quieter' state (i.e. lower oxidative metabolism) after vitrification. However, supplementation of both solutions with resveratrol seemed to have a pro-oxidant effect.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Blastocisto/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Animais , Blastocisto/metabolismo , Bovinos , Criopreservação , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/métodos , Feminino , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismo , VitrificaçãoRESUMO
Quinoa has been highlighted as a promising crop to sustain food security. The selection of physiological traits that allow identification genotypes with high Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a key factor to increase Quinoa cultivation. In order to unveil the underpinning mechanisms for N-stress tolerance in Quinoa, three genotypes with similar phenology, but different NUE were developed under high (HN) or low (LN) nitrogen conditions. N metabolism processes and photosynthetic performance were studied after anthesis and in correlation with productivity to identify principal traits related to NUE. We found that protein content, net photosynthesis and leaf dry-mass were determinant attributes for yield at both HN and LN conditions. Contrastingly, the enhancement of N related metabolites ([Formula: see text], proline, betacyanins) and processes related with re-assimilation of [Formula: see text], including an increment of glutamine synthetase activity and up-regulation of CqAMT1,1 transporter expression in leaves, were negatively correlated with grain yield at both N conditions. Biochemical aspects of photosynthesis and root biomass were traits exclusively associated with grain yield at LN. The impact of N supply on seed quality is discussed. These results provide new insights towards the understanding the N metabolism of Quinoa.
Assuntos
Chenopodium quinoa/genética , Chenopodium quinoa/metabolismo , Genótipo , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Biomassa , Clorofila/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Fotossíntese , Característica Quantitativa Herdável , SementesRESUMO
Drought during senescence has become more common in Mediterranean climates in recent years. Chenopodium quinoa Willd has been identified as tolerant to poor soil conditions and drought. Previous observations have found that sufficient nitrogen (N) supply mitigates yield losses under terminal drought conditions. However, there is no understanding of the mechanisms behind this effect. We hypothesized that N up-regulates both photosynthetic and photoprotective elements during drought-induced senescence, alleviating the negative impact of drought on yield. The role of N supply and terminal drought on photoprotection was tested using three Chilean quinoa genotypes from different climatic zones: Faro, UdeC9, and BO78. Plants were grown under high nitrogen (HN) or low nitrogen (LN) conditions and subjected to terminal drought at the onset of senescence. Photosynthetic and photochemical and non-photochemical processes were evaluated at both the onset of drought and after 15 days of drought conditions. N supplementation modified most of the physiological parameters related to photochemical dissipation of energy, photosynthesis, and yield in quinoa. In contrast, water restriction did not affect photosynthesis in quinoa, and its effect on yield was dependent on the genotype. A significant interaction N × G was observed in photosynthesis, relative water content, protein content, Fv/Fm, and chlorophylls. In general, Faro was able to maintain higher levels of these attributes under LN conditions than UdeC9 and BO78. In addition, the interacting effects of N × W regulated the level of most pigments in quinoa as well as the photoprotective induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) during senescence. During terminal drought at LN conditions, Faro presented a larger NPQ induction under drought conditions than UdeC9 and BO78, which was supported by a larger zeaxanthin content and de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll pool. Interestingly, BO78 did not induce NPQ in response to drought-induced senescence but instead enhanced the content of betacyanins. This response needs to be researched in future works. Finally, we observed that LN supply reduced the correlationship between the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle and NPQ. This could be an indication that N supply not only compromised the capacity for photosynthetic performance in quinoa plants, but also affected the plasticity of thermal dissipation, restricting further changes during drought-induced senescence.
RESUMO
Introducción: Las luxaciones constituyen del 10 % al 25 % de todas las lesiones en el codo. Aproximadamente el 15% de los pacientes que la han sufrido quedan con algún síntoma compatible con inestabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar en la literatura los diferentes tratamientos propuestos para esta complicación luego de una luxación simple de codo. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos: Medline (interfase Pub-Med) y Bireme para estudios de los últimos diez años. Se seleccionaron los artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, extrayendo de ellos los datos relevantes y resultados. La búsqueda arrojó un total de 596 artículos de los cuales 10 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión propuestos al iniciar la búsqueda. Discusión: Se analizaron y compararon las tasas de inestabilidad luego de la luxación, los diferentes tipos de tratamiento y las complicaciones. Conclusión: Existe consenso en la literatura analizada de que debe realizarse un examen de estabilidad del codo en agudo para definir el tratamiento. En cuanto al tratamiento en los codos que se presentan inestables la literatura es variable y faltan estudios comparativos para realizar recomendaciones.
Introduction: Dislocations are 10% to 25% of all elbow injuries. Up to 15% of patients with symptoms of instability can be observed. The aim of this study is to review in the literature the different treatments proposed for this complication after a simple elbow dislocation. Materials and Methods: The search was conducted on: Medline (PubMed interface) and Bireme including the last ten years studies. Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected, and the relevant data and results were extracted. We found a total of 596 articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria proposed at the start of the search. Discussion: We analyzed and compared the rates of instability after dislocation, the different types of treatment and complications. Conclusion: There is consensus in the analyzed literature that an elbow stability test should be performed in acute conditions to define the treatment.Comparative studies are lacking for recommending a definite treatment for elbow instability.
Introdução: Dislocaçõessão de 10% a 25% de todas as lesões no cotovelo. Aproximadamente 15% dos pacientes ficam com algum síntoma compatívelcom instabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é rever na literatura os diferentes tratamentos propostos para esta complicação a pósuma simples deslocação do cotovelo. Materiais e métodos: Uma pesquisa foi feita em bancos de dados: Medline (interface Pub-Med) e Bireme para estudos dos últimos dez anos. Foram selecionados artigos que atendem a os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, extraindo os dados relevantes e os resultados deles. A busca gerou um total de 596 artigos, dos quais 10 atendem a os critérios de incluso propostos no início da pesquisa. Discussão: Analisamos e comparamos as taxas de instabilidade após deslocamento, os diferentes tipos de tratamento e complicações. Conclusão: Existe consenso na literatura analisada segundo a qualum teste de estabilidade do cotobelo deve ser realizado em agudos para definir o tratamento. Sobre o tratamento os cotovelo sin stáveis a literatura é diversa e faltam estudos comparativos para realizar recomendações.
Assuntos
Humanos , Luxações Articulares/complicações , Luxações Articulares/terapia , Articulação do Cotovelo/lesões , Instabilidade Articular/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Imobilização/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
The microtubule-associated protein tau regulates myriad neuronal functions, such as microtubule dynamics, axonal transport and neurite outgrowth. Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal metabolism of tau, which accumulates as insoluble neuronal deposits. The adult human brain contains equal amounts of tau isoforms with three (3R) or four (4R) repeats of microtubule-binding domains, derived from the alternative splicing of exon 10 (E10) in the tau transcript. Several tauopathies are associated with imbalances of tau isoforms, due to splicing deficits. Here, we used a trans-splicing strategy to shift the inclusion of E10 in a mouse model of tauopathy that produces abnormal excess of 3R tau. Modulating the 3R/4R ratio in the prefrontal cortex led to a significant reduction of pathological tau accumulation concomitant with improvement of neuronal firing and reduction of cognitive impairments. Our results suggest promising potential for the use of RNA reprogramming in human neurodegenerative diseases.
Assuntos
Tauopatias/patologia , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Processamento Alternativo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Éxons , Masculino , Camundongos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Tauopatias/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/genéticaRESUMO
Introducción: la fractura de epicóndilo medial representa 12% a 20% de las fracturas del codo pediátrico. Existe controversia en la indicación del tratamiento para las fracturas con un desplazamiento mayor de 2 mm. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la indicación y los resultados de los diferentes tratamientos realizados en las fracturas de epicóndilo medial desplazadas más allá de 2 mm. Material y método: se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed y Bireme. La búsqueda arrojó un total de 313 artículos de los cuales nueve cumplían con los criterios de inclusión propuestos al iniciar la búsqueda. Discusión: se analizaron y compararon los métodos de diagnóstico por imagen utilizados y su rendimiento, los diferentes tipos de tratamiento y las complicaciones. Conclusión: no debe ser el desplazamiento de la fractura lo que guíe el tratamiento sino la energía traumática y la estabilidad en valgo del codo. Se han reportado excelentes resultados tanto con tratamiento conservador como quirúrgico de las fracturas desplazadas de epicóndilo medial. Faltan estudios comparativos con seguimiento a largo plazo de buen nivel de evidencia para recomendar uno u otro tratamiento en las fracturas desplazadas de epicóndilo medial.
Introduction: fractures of medial epicondyle represent 12 to 20% of pediatric elbow fractures. Treating fractures with greater than 2 mm of displacement is a matter of debate. The study aims to review indications and results of the different treatments indicated for fractures of medial epicondyle with greater than 2 mm of displacement. Method: the PubMed and Bireme electronic data bases were used. Search revealed 313 articles, 9 of which met the inclusion criteria set upon initiation of the study. Discussion: imaging techniques used and their diagnostic yield were compared, as well as the different of treatments and complications. Conclusion: treatment should not be defined based on the fracture's displacement, but rather on the trauma energy and the valgus stability of the elbow. Excellent results were reported both with a conservative treatment and with a surgical approach to displaced fractures of medial epicondyle. Comparative studies need to be done with long term follow-up that is well recorded to recommend the right treatment for displaced fractures of medial epicondyle.
Introdução: a fratura de epicôndilo medial representa 12 a 20 % das fraturas do cotovelo em crianças. Existe controvérsia na indicação do tratamento para fraturas com deslocamento superior a 2 mm. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a indicação e os resultados dos diferentes tratamentos realizados nos casos de fraturas de epicôndilo medial com deslocamento de mais de 2 mm. Materiais e métodos: foram utilizadas as bases de dados electrónicas PubMed e de Bireme. A pesquisa bibliográfica recuperou 313 artículos sendo que 9 cumpriam com os critérios de inclusão propostos no inicio do trabalho. Discussão: foram analisados e comparados os métodos de diagnóstico por imagem utilizada e seu rendimento, os diferentes tipos de tratamento e as complicações. Conclusão: o deslocamento da fratura não deve ser o determinante do tratamento, mas sim a energia traumática e a estabilidade em valgo do cotovelo. Foram informados resultados excelentes tanto com tratamento conservador como cirúrgico das fraturas com deslocamento de epicôndilo medial. Faltam estudos comparativos com seguimento em longo prazo com evidencias de alta qualidade para recomendar o tipo de tratamento nos casos de fraturas com deslocamento de epicôndilo medial.