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INTRODUCCIÓN: Los trastornos tiroideos son causantes de morbilidad y discapacidad a nivel mundial, entre estos, el hipotiroidismo es uno de los más frecuentes. El 95% de los casos de hipotiroidismo son de tipo primario, que se caracteriza por presentar niveles disminuidos de hormonas tiroideas (T3 y T4) y niveles elevados de TSH. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de hipotiroidismo primario en pacientes mujeres de 40 - 60 años de edad hospitalizadas en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga durante el año 2018. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El presente es un estudio descriptivo transversal. El universo estuvo conformado por mujeres entre 40 a 60 años que estuvieron hospitalizadas en los diferentes departamentos del Hospital José Carrasco-Cuenca en el transcurso del año 2018; se incluyó a las pacientes a las cuales se les realizó perfil tiroideo durante su hospitalización. Se excluyó a las mujeres con datos incompletos en su historia clínica. No se realizó muestreo, se estudió a la totalidad de pacientes que cumplieron con el criterio de inclusión(n= 278). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de hipotiroidismo primario en la población estudiada fue del 16.2 %; el hipotiroidismo fue ligeramente más frecuente en el grupo etario de 40-44 años con el 18.03%. Fue más frecuente en las mujeres residentes en el sector rural (18.18%), que en el urbano. El 53.34% de las mujeres identificadas con hipotiroidismo presentaron sobrepeso y el 22.22% presentaron obesidad. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia encontrada de hipotiroidismo en mujeres de 40 a 60 años fue de 16.2%. La prevalencia fue ligeramente mayor en el grupo de edad de 40 a 44 años. La mayoría de las pacientes con hipotiroidismo tuvieron sobrepeso u obesidad.(au)

BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorders are a cause of morbidity and disability worldwide, among these, hypothyroidism is one of the most frequent. 95% of the cases of cases of hypothyroidism are primary, characterized by decreased levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and elevated TSH. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary hypothyroidism in female patients aged 40-60 years hospitalized at Hospital Jose Carrasco Arteaga during 2018. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The universe were women between 40 and 60 years old who were hospitalized in the different services at Hospital Jose Carrasco Arteaga during 2018; patients who had a thyroid panel made during hospitalization were included. Women with incomplete medical history were excluded. We didn't do sampling; all patients who met the inclusion criteria (n=278) were studied. RESULTS: The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism in the studied population was 16.2%; hypothyroidism was slightly more frequent in the age group of 40-44 years with 18.03%. It was more frequent in women residing in the rural area (18.18), than in the urban area. 53.34% of the women identified with hypothyroidism were overweight and 22.22% were obese. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypothyroidism found in women aged 40 to 60 years old was 16.2%. The prevalence was slightly higher in the 40 to 44 age group. Most of the patients with hypothyroidism were overweight or obese.(au)

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Phosphate (Pi) is a pivotal nutrient that constraints plant development and productivity in natural ecosystems. Land colonization by plants, more than 470 million years ago, evolved adaptive mechanisms to conquer Pi-scarce environments. However, little is known about the molecular basis underlying such adaptations at early branches of plant phylogeny. To shed light on how early divergent plants respond to Pi limitation, we analyzed the morpho-physiological and transcriptional dynamics of Marchantia polymorpha upon Pi starvation. Our phylogenomic analysis highlights some gene networks present since the Chlorophytes and others established in the Streptophytes (e.g., PHR1-SPX1 and STOP1-ALMT1, respectively). At the morpho-physiological level, the response is characterized by the induction of phosphatase activity, media acidification, accumulation of auronidins, reduction of internal Pi concentration, and developmental modifications of rhizoids. The transcriptional response involves the induction of MpPHR1, Pi transporters, lipid turnover enzymes, and MpMYB14, which is an essential transcription factor for auronidins biosynthesis. MpSTOP2 up-regulation correlates with expression changes in genes related to organic acid biosynthesis and transport, suggesting a preference for citrate exudation. An analysis of MpPHR1 binding sequences (P1BS) shows an enrichment of this cis regulatory element in differentially expressed genes. Our study unravels the strategies, at diverse levels of organization, exerted by M. polymorpha to cope with low Pi availability.

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Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) has been one of the major experimental models for the study of regeneration during the past 100 years. Axolotl limb regeneration takes place through a multi-stage and complex developmental process called epimorphosis that involves diverse events of cell reprogramming. Such events start with dedifferentiation of somatic cells and the proliferation of quiescent stem cells to generate a population of proliferative cells called blastema. Once the blastema reaches a mature stage, cells undergo progressive differentiation into the diverse cell lineages that will form the new limb. Such pivotal cell reprogramming phenomena depend on the fine-tuned regulation of the cell cycle in each regeneration stage, where cell populations display specific proliferative capacities and differentiation status. The axolotl genome has been fully sequenced and released recently, and diverse RNA-seq approaches have also been generated, enabling the identification and conservatory analysis of core cell cycle regulators in this species. We report here our results from such analyses and present the transcriptional behavior of key regulatory factors during axolotl limb regeneration. We also found conserved protein interactions between axolotl Cyclin Dependent Kinases 2, 4 and 6 and Cyclins type D and E. Canonical CYC-CDK interactions that play major roles in modulating cell cycle progression in eukaryotes.

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Resumen La neurolinfomatosis (NL) es una condición poco frecuente que se caracteriza por la invasión de células B en los nervios craneales y las raíces nerviosas periféricas y generalmente está vinculada con leucemia o linfoma no Hodking (LNH). En el presente reporte se destacará la importancia de la sospecha diagnóstica en este grupo de pacientes y la importancia de 18F-FDG PET/CT en el diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades causantes de síntomas similares. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 63 años con diagnóstico de linfoma difuso de células B grandes, quien, en el tercer ciclo de quimioterapia DA-EPOCH-R, refiere dolor de tipo neuropático en miembro superior derecho, progresivo en severidad y en extensión con compromiso de la extremidad contralateral, convulsiones y parálisis facial periférica.

Abstract Neurolinfomatosis (LN) is a strange condition, defined as Invasion of cranial nerves and peripheral nerve roots by leukemia or lymphoma. Most of the cases are caused by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B cells (BHL). The present paper aims to emphasize the importance of suspecting this entity in patients with NHL and neuropathic pain and the role of 18F-FDG PET-CT in the diagnosis. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, who in her third chemotherapy session DA-EPOCH-R of neuropathic pain in the right upper limb, with a poor clinical outcome, due to worsening pain, contralateral limb involvement, seizures and peripheral facial paralysis.

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Comparative genomics has revealed that members of early divergent lineages of land plants share a set of highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) with flowering plants. While gene copy numbers have expanded through time, it has been predicted that diversification, co-option, and reassembly of gene regulatory networks implicated in development are directly related to morphological innovations that led to more complex land plant bodies. Examples of key networks have been deeply studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, such as those involving the AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) gene family that encodes AP2-type TFs. These TFs play significant roles in plant development such as the maintenance of stem cell niches, the correct development of the embryo and the formation of lateral organs, as well as fatty acid metabolism. Previously, it has been hypothesized that the common ancestor of mosses and vascular plants encoded two ANT genes that later diversified in seed plants. However, algae and bryophyte sequences have been underrepresented from such phylogenetic analyses. To understand the evolution of ANT in a complete manner, we performed phylogenetic analyses of ANT protein sequences of representative species from across the Streptophyta clade, including algae, liverworts, and hornworts, previously unrepresented. Moreover, protein domain architecture, selection analyses, and regulatory cis elements prediction, allowed us to propose a scenario of how the evolution of ANT genes occurred. In this study we show that a duplication of a preANT-like gene in the ancestor of embryophytes may have given rise to the land plant-exclusive basalANT and euANT lineages. We hypothesize that the absence of euANT-type and basalANT-type sequences in algae, and its presence in extant land plant species, suggests that the divergence of pre-ANT into basal and eu-ANT clades in embryophytes may have influenced the conquest of land by plants, as ANT TFs play important roles in tolerance to desiccation and the establishment, maintenance, and development of complex multicellular structures which either became more complex or appeared in land plants.

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El presente artículo busca ahondar en la importancia de la última conferencia sobre desarrollo sostenible llevada a cabo en Río de Janeiro, en Junio del presente año. Se pone especial énfasis en los distintos puntos de vista que se tienen sobre los puntos centrales del debate y en la relevancia de las conclusiones alcanzadas sobre los mismos.

This article seeks to deepen the importance of the recent Earth Summit Rio + 20, conducted this past June. Special emphasis is placed on the different points of view around the central issues of the debate and on the relevance of the conclusions reached.

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