RESUMO
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Three-dimensionally (3D) printed resins have become popular as a new class of materials for making interim restorations. However, little is known about how the fabrication parameters can influence biological compatibility with oral tissues. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the postpolymerization time on the cytotoxicity of resins for printing interim restorations by using a 3D organotypic model of the oral mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cylindrical specimens were prepared with conventional acrylic resin (AR), computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) resin (CC), composite resin (CR), and 2 resins for 3D printing (3DP) marketed as being biocompatible. The 3DPs were submitted to postpolymerization in an ultraviolet (UV) light chamber for 1, 10, or 20 minutes (90 W, 405 nm). Standard specimens of the materials were incubated for 1, 3, and 7 days in close contact with an organotypic model of keratinocytes (NOK-Si) in coculture with gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in a 3D collagen matrix, or directly with 3D HGF cultures. Then, the viability (Live/Dead n=2) and metabolism (Alamar Blue n=6) of the cells were assessed. Spectral scanning of the culture medium was performed to detect released components (n=6) and assessed statistically with ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS: Severe reduction of metabolism (>70%) and viability of keratinocytes occurred for 3DP resin postpolymerized for 1 minute in all periods of analysis in a time-dependent manner. The decrease in cell metabolism and viability was moderate for the 3D culture of HGFs in both experimental models, correlated with the intense presence of resin components in the culture medium. The resins postpolymerized for 10 and 20 minutes promoted a mild-moderate cytotoxic effect in the period of 1 day, similar to AR. However, recovery of cell viability occurred at the 7-day incubation period. The 3DP resins submitted to postpolymerization for 20 minutes showed a pattern similar to that of CR and CC at the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The cytotoxic potential of the tested 3DP resins on oral mucosa cells was influenced by postprinting processing, which seemed to have been related with the quantity of residual components leached.
RESUMO
Pacientes submetidos à clareação dentária relatam sensibilidade pós-operatória relacionada ao peróxido de hidrogênio (H2 O2 ) que penetra no tecido pulpar. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório do ibuprofeno, Otosporin® e gel de curcumina na polpa dentária de ratos após procedimento clareador. Métodos: Cinquenta ratos foram divididos em GC controle (gel placebo); CLA clareação (H2 O2 35%, 30 minutos); CLA-I clareação e administração oral de ibuprofeno (duas vezes a cada 12 horas, 2 dias sucessivos); CLA-O clareação seguida da aplicação de Otosporin® nas superfícies dos molares (10 minutos); e CLA-C sessão clareadora seguida do gel de curcumina (10 minutos). Após dois dias, os ratos foram mortos para análise histológica e testes estatísticos foram realizados(p<0,05). Resultados: CLA, CLA-I e CLA-C apresentaram inflamação severa ou necrose no terço oclusal da polpa coronária (p>0,05); CLA-O apresentou inflamação leve e foi semelhante ao GC (p>0,05) e dife- rente dos outros grupos (p<0,05). No terço médio, o grupo CLA-O apresentou menor infiltrado inflamatório e permaneceu diferente do grupo CLA (p<0,05); CLA, CLA-I e CLA-C foram semelhantes (p>0,05). No terço cervical, CLA, CLA-I e CLA-C tiveram redução da inflamação, sem diferença entre os grupos clareados (p>0,05). Conclusões: O Otosporin® pode reduzir a inflamação na polpa após clareação dentária; esse resultado não foi observado utilizando ibuprofeno ou gel de curcumina. Portanto, esse estudo mostra uma nova possibilidade de pós-tratamento em dentes clareados por meio do uso de Otosporin®, que minimiza a inflamação gerada ao tecido pulpar pelo gel clareador. Consequentemente, poderá haver redução da sensibilidade pós-operatória (AU).
Introduction: Patients undergoing dental bleaching relate to postoperative sensitivity, that is linked to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) penetrating on the dental pulp. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen, Otosporin®, and curcumin gel on the pulp of the rats' teeth after bleaching. Methods: Fifty rats were divided into CG: controlplacebo gel; BLE: bleached (35% H2O2, 30 minutes); BLE-I: bleached and ibuprofen oral administration (twice every 12 hours in 2 successive days); BLE-O: bleached followed by Otosporin® application in the molar surfaces (10 minutes); and BLE-C: bleaching session followed curcumin gel (10 minutes). After two days, the rats were killed for histological analysis. Statistical tests were performed (P<.05). Results: BLE, BLE-I, and BLE-C had severe inflammation or necrosis in the occlusal third of coronal pulp (P>.05); BLE-O had mild inflammation and was similar from CG (P>.05) and different from other groups (P<.05). In the middle third, BLE-O group had lower inflammatory infiltration and remained different from BLE group (P<.05); BLE, BLE-I, and BLE-C were similar (P>.05). In the cervical third, BLE, BLE-I, and BLE-C had a reduction of inflammation, without difference between bleached groups (P>.05). Conclusions: Otosporin® can reduce the inflammation in the pulp after dental bleaching; this result was not observed using ibuprofen or curcumin gel. Therefore, this study shows a new teeth bleaching posttreatment possibility using Otosporin®, which minimizes the inflammation generated to the pulp tissue by the bleaching gel. This could consequently minimize the postoperative sensitivity (AU).
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Clareamento Dental , Polpa Dentária , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Anti-Inflamatórios , CurcuminaRESUMO
Bleaching gel containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cause damages in pulp tissue. This study investigated the action of a topical anti-inflammatory, the Otosporin®, in rats' bleached teeth with the null hypothesis of which the Otosporin® is no able to minimize the pulp inflammation that bleaching gel generates. The rat's molars were divided into groups: BLE: bleached (35% H2O2 concentration /single application of 30 min); BLE-O: bleached followed by Otosporin® (10 min); and control: placebo gel. In the second day after dental bleaching, the rats were killed, and the jaws were processed for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry analysis for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17. The data collected were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests with at a 5% level of significance (p<0.05). The BLE group had moderate to strong inflammation in the occlusal third of the coronary pulp, with necrotic areas; and BLE-O, mild inflammation (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the occlusal and middle thirds of the coronary pulp between the BLE with BLE-O and control groups (p<0.05). There was no difference in the cervical third (p>0.05). The BLE group had a high immunoexpression of TNF-α than BLE-O and control groups (p<0.05), with moderate and mild immunoexpression, respectively. Regarding IL-6 and IL-17, the BLE group had higher immunoexpression than control (p<0.05); the BLE-O was similar to the control (p>0.05). The topical anti-inflammatory Otosporin® can reduce pulp inflammation after dental bleaching in the rat teeth.
Assuntos
Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Neomicina/farmacologia , Polimixina B/farmacologia , Pulpite/induzido quimicamente , Pulpite/prevenção & controle , Clareamento Dental/efeitos adversos , Administração Tópica , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Combinação de Medicamentos , Hidrocortisona/administração & dosagem , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/efeitos adversos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Interleucina-17/análise , Interleucina-6/análise , Neomicina/administração & dosagem , Polimixina B/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análiseRESUMO
Abstract Bleaching gel containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cause damages in pulp tissue. This study investigated the action of a topical anti-inflammatory, the Otosporin®, in rats' bleached teeth with the null hypothesis of which the Otosporin® is no able to minimize the pulp inflammation that bleaching gel generates. The rat's molars were divided into groups: BLE: bleached (35% H2O2 concentration /single application of 30 min); BLE-O: bleached followed by Otosporin® (10 min); and control: placebo gel. In the second day after dental bleaching, the rats were killed, and the jaws were processed for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry analysis for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17. The data collected were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests with at a 5% level of significance (p<0.05). The BLE group had moderate to strong inflammation in the occlusal third of the coronary pulp, with necrotic areas; and BLE-O, mild inflammation (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the occlusal and middle thirds of the coronary pulp between the BLE with BLE-O and control groups (p<0.05). There was no difference in the cervical third (p>0.05). The BLE group had a high immunoexpression of TNF-α than BLE-O and control groups (p<0.05), with moderate and mild immunoexpression, respectively. Regarding IL-6 and IL-17, the BLE group had higher immunoexpression than control (p<0.05); the BLE-O was similar to the control (p>0.05). The topical anti-inflammatory Otosporin® can reduce pulp inflammation after dental bleaching in the rat teeth.
Resumo O gel clareador à base de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) causa danos ao tecido pulpar. Este estudo investigou a ação de um anti-inflamatório tópico, o Otosporin®, nos dentes de ratos clareados com a hipótese nula de que o Otosporin® não é capaz de minimizar a inflamação da polpa gerada pelo gel clareador. Os molares dos ratos foram divididos em grupos: ClA: clareado (H2O2 a 35% / aplicação única de 30 min); CLA-O: clareado seguido do Otosporin® (10 min); e controle: gel placebo. No segundo dia após a clareação dentária, os ratos foram mortos e suas maxilas foram processadas para análise de hematoxilina-eosina e imunohistoquímica para o fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-a), interleucina (IL)-6 e IL-17. Os dados coletados foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn com um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). O grupo CLA apresentou inflamação moderada à severa no terço oclusal da polpa coronária, com áreas necróticas; e CLA-O, inflamação leve (p<0,05). Houve diferença significativa nos terços oclusal e médio da polpa coronária entre o grupo CLA com os grupos CLA-O e controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferença no terço cervical (p>0,05). O grupo CLA apresentou maior imunoexpressão para TNF-a comparado aos grupos CLA-O e controle (p<0,05), com imunoexpressão moderada e leve, respectivamente. Em relação a IL-6 e IL-17, o grupo CLA apresentou maior imunoexpressão comparado ao controle (p<0,05); o CLA-O foi semelhante ao controle (p>0,05). O anti-inflamatório tópico Otosporin® pode reduzir a inflamação pulpar após clareação em dentes de ratos.