RESUMEN
Zinc plays a crucial role in cell structure and functionality. Neurodegenerative Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) alters muscle membrane structure, leading to a loss of muscle mass and strength. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in phase angle (PA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) results in patients with DMD after oral zinc supplementation. This clinical trial included 33 boys aged 5.6 to 24.5 years diagnosed with DMD. They were divided into three groups according to age (G1, G2, and G3) and supplemented with oral zinc. The mean serum zinc concentration was 74 µg/dL, and 29% of patients had concentrations below the reference value. The baseline values (mean (standard deviation)) of the bioelectrical impedance parameters PA, resistance (R), and reactance (Xc) were 2.59° (0.84°), 924.36 (212.31) Ω, and 39.64 (8.41) Ω, respectively. An increase in R and a decrease in PA and lean mass proportional to age were observed, along with a negative correlation (r = -0.614; p < 0.001) between age and PA. The average cell mass in G1 was greater than that in G3 (p = 0.012). There were no significant differences in serum zinc levels or bioelectrical impedance parameters before and after zinc supplementation. We conclude that this population is at risk of zinc deficiency and the proposed dosage of zinc supplementation was not sufficient to alter serum zinc levels, PA and BIVA results.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Impedancia Eléctrica , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne , Zinc , Humanos , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/tratamiento farmacológico , Zinc/administración & dosificación , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/deficiencia , Masculino , Adolescente , Niño , Adulto Joven , Preescolar , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Giardiasis and zinc deficiency have been identified as serious health problems worldwide. Although Zn depletion is known to occur in giardiasis, no work has investigated whether changes occur in brain structures. METHODS: Three groups of gerbils were used: control (1), orogastrically inoculated on day 3 after birth with trophozoites of two isolates of Giardia intestinalis (HGINV/WB) group (2 and 3). Estimates were made at five ages covering: establishment of infection, Giardia population growth, natural parasite clearance and a post-infection age. QuantiChrome zinc assay kit, cresyl violet staining and TUNEL technique were used. RESULTS: A significant decrease (p<0.01) in tissue zinc was observed and persisted after infection. Cytoarchitectural changes were observed in 75% of gerbils in the HGINV or WB groups. Ectopic pyramidal neurons were found in the cornus ammonis (CA1-CA3). At 60 and 90 days of age loss of lamination was clearly visible in CA1. In the dentate gyrus (DG), thinning of the dorsal lamina and abnormal thickening of the ventral lamina were observed from 30 days of age. In the cerebellum, we found an increase (p<0.01) in the thickness of the external granular layer (EGL) at 14 days of age that persisted until day 21 (C 3 ± 0.3 µm; HGINV 37 ± 5 µm; WB 28 ± 3 µm); Purkinje cell population estimation showed a significant decrease; a large number of apoptotic somas were observed scattered in the molecular layer; in 60 and 90 days old gerbils we found granular cell heterotopia and Purkinje cell ectopia. The pattern of apoptosis was different in the cerebellum and hippocampus of parasitized gerbils. CONCLUSION: The morphological changes found suggest that neuronal migration is affected by zinc depletion caused by giardiasis in early postnatal life; for the first time, the link between giardiasis-zinc depletion and damaged brain structures is shown. This damage may explain the psychomotor/cognitive delay associated with giardiasis. These findings are alarming. Alterations in zinc metabolism and signalling are known to be involved in many brain disorders, including autism.
Asunto(s)
Cerebelo , Gerbillinae , Giardia lamblia , Giardiasis , Hipocampo , Zinc , Animales , Gerbillinae/parasitología , Zinc/deficiencia , Zinc/metabolismo , Giardiasis/parasitología , Giardiasis/patología , Cerebelo/patología , Cerebelo/parasitología , Hipocampo/patología , Hipocampo/parasitología , Giardia lamblia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gestational weight gain below or above the Institute of Medicine recommendations has been associated with adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Very few studies have evaluated the association between serum and red blood cell folate concentrations and gestational weight gain in adolescents. Additionally, zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with impaired immunity, prolonged labor, preterm and post-term birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the association between serum concentrations of zinc, serum folate, and red blood cell folate, with the increase in gestational weight and the weight and length of the newborn in a group of adolescent mothers from Mexico City. RESULTS: In our study, 406 adolescent-neonate dyads participated. The adolescents' median age was 15.8 years old. The predominant socioeconomic level was middle-low (57.8%), single (57%), 89.9% were engaged in home activities, and 41.3% completed secondary education. Excessive gestational weight gain was observed in 36.7% of cases, while insufficient gestational weight gain was noted in 38.4%. Small for gestational age infants were observed in 20.9% of the sample. Low serum folate (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3), decreased red blood cell folate (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.6), and reduced serum zinc concentrations (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1-5.2) were associated with insufficient gestational weight gain. Decreased serum zinc levels (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.4) were linked to an increased probability of delivering a baby who is small for their gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: Low serum folate, red blood cell folate, and serum zinc concentrations were associated with gestational weight gain and having a small gestational age baby. Both excessive and insufficient gestational weight gain, as well as having a small gestational age baby, are frequent among adolescent mothers.
Asunto(s)
Peso al Nacer , Eritrocitos , Ácido Fólico , Ganancia de Peso Gestacional , Zinc , Humanos , Femenino , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/deficiencia , Adolescente , Embarazo , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Recién Nacido , México , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional/sangre , Embarazo en Adolescencia/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in zinc deficiency (ZD) prevalence among preschool-age Mexican children, and explore differences in this trend among beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer program Progresa/Oportunidades/ Prospera (CCT-POP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The serum zinc information of children aged 1-4 who participa-ted in the ENN 1999, Ensanut 2006 and Ensanut 2018-19 was analyzed. ZD was categorized according to IZiNCG cutoff values. Logistic regression models were used to iden-tify personal participant characteristics associated with ZD trends, and tests for interactions between survey CCT-POP beneficiaries were applied. RESULTS: ZD decreased by 22.3 percentage points (pp) between ENN 1999 and Ensanut 2018-19; among CCT-POP beneficiaries, the decrease was 58.6 pp. Overweight was associated with higher odds of ZD (OR=2.18, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: In the last 19 years, ZD declined significantly among preschool-age Mexican children. Child beneficiaries of the social program CCT-POP showed the largest reduction of ZD.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño , Zinc , Trastornos de la Nutrición del Niño/epidemiología , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , México/epidemiología , Encuestas Nutricionales , Zinc/deficienciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is known to reduce zinc absorption; the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and its long-term implications on zinc absorption have not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effects of SG and RYGBP on zinc absorption and zinc status in premenopausal women with severe obesity up to 24 mo after surgery. METHODS: Twenty-six premenopausal women undergoing SG [BMI (in kg/m2): 37.3 ± 3.2] and 32 undergoing RYGBP (BMI: 42.0 ± 4.2) were studied. A series of anthropometric, dietary, and zinc status parameters (plasma and hair zinc), and the size of the exchangeable zinc pool (EZP), as well as percentage zinc absorption from a standardized dose using a stable isotope methodology were evaluated in the patients before the surgical procedure and at 12 and 24 mo after SG or RYGBP. SG patients received 15 mg and RYGBP received 25 mg of supplemental Zn/d. RESULTS: In premenopausal women, zinc absorption was decreased by 71.9% and 52.0% in SG and RYGBP, respectively, 24 mo postsurgery, compared with initial values. According to 2-factor repeated-measures ANOVA, time effect was significant (P = <0.0001), but not time × group interaction (P = 0.470). Plasma zinc below the cutoff point of 70 µg/dL increased from 0 to 15.4% and 38.1% in SG and RYGBP, respectively. Mean EZP was significantly reduced 24 mo after surgery, although no time × group interactions were observed. Hair zinc did not change across time or between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both SG and RYGBP have profound effects on zinc absorption capacity, which are not compensated for after 24 mo. Although zinc absorption reduction was similar in both types of surgeries, plasma zinc was more affected in RYGBP than SG, despite greater zinc supplementation in RYGBP.This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN31937503.
Asunto(s)
Anastomosis en-Y de Roux/efectos adversos , Gastrectomía/efectos adversos , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Premenopausia , Zinc/deficiencia , Zinc/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Femenino , Gastrectomía/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess whether hospitalization and feeding strategy impact the risk of hypozincemia and associated risk factors. METHODS: In this case-control study, serum zinc levels were compared between inpatients fed oral nutrition (ON) (n = 76) or enteral nutrition (EN) (n = 191) with outpatient controls (n = 1095). FINDINGS: Zinc levels were significantly lower in inpatients receiving EN compared with those receiving ON (P = 0.001). Significant (P < 0.001) ß-values of -11.16 and -17.58 for serum zinc concentrations were found for inpatients receiving ON or EN, respectively, compared with the outpatients. Hospitalization and old age were both independent predictors of zinc deficiency. More than 75% of patients >60 years of age fed EN had a zinc concentration <68.75 µg/dL. Low hemoglobin levels increased the risk of low zinc levels for inpatients receiving EN (P = 0.003) and ON (P = 0.026). Age (P < 0.001), noninvasive mechanical ventilatory support (P = 0.016), and critical care (P = 0.018) were risk factors for hypozincemia in patients receiving ON. Low iron levels were associated with hypozincemia (P = 0.001) in patients receiving EN. IMPLICATIONS: Hospitalization and being >60 years of age were risk factors for zinc deficiency. Intensive care and noninvasive mechanical ventilatory support were risk factors for hypozincemia in hospitalized patients who were fed orally. Low hemoglobin levels increased the risk of low zinc concentrations for inpatients receiving EN and ON, and low iron levels were associated with hypozincemia only after EN.
Asunto(s)
Nutrición Enteral/efectos adversos , Zinc/deficiencia , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Zinc/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We verify the prevalence of low zinc levels among critically ill patients infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the intensive care unit (ICU) who required invasive mechanical ventilation, as well as its association with severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: This is an observational study composed of patients admitted to the ICU. Demographics, anthropometric data for calculating body mass index (BMI), and laboratory data were obtained at admission: blood count, ferritin, arterial blood gas, serum zinc levels, and C-reactive protein. Also, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2 ) divided by fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) was calculated by the first arterial blood gas after intubation. A diagnosis of severe ARDS was determined if the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio was ≤100 mm Hg. Low zinc levels were established if zinc levels were <70 µg/dL. RESULTS: A total of 269 patients met inclusion criteria; 51.3% were men; median age was 74 (66-81) years; 91.1% (245 of 269) were elderly. The median BMI was 30.1 (24.7-32.1) kg/m2 , with 59.9% (161 of 269) of patients having overweight and obesity. The prevalence of low zinc levels was 79.6% (214 of 269) and severe ARDS was 56.5% (152 of 269). There was an association of low zinc levels and severe ARDS (odds ratio [OR], 14.4; 95% CI, 6.2-33.5; P < .001), even after adjusting for baseline variables (OR, 15.4; 95% CI, 6.5-36.3; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Critically ill patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with severe ARDS have a high prevalence of low serum zinc levels.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/complicaciones , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/deficiencia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Crítica/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
La acrodermatitis enteropática (AE) es una genodermatosis autosómica recesiva causada por la mutación del gen responsable de codificar a la proteína transportadora de Zinc (Zn) SLC39A4. A pesar de ser una rara enfermedad es de fácil manejo y gran relevancia clínica. Se caracteriza por la siguiente tríada: dermatitis acral y periorificial, diarrea y alopecia. Comunicamos un caso de presentación atípica en una lactante de 6 meses de edad con lesiones periorificiales y ampollas acrales que resolvió rápidamente con la terapia suplementaria con Zinc (AU)
Enteropathic acrodermatitis is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis caused by the mutation of the gene responsible for encoding the Zinc transporter protein SLC39A4. Despite being a rare disease, it is easy to manage and of great clinical relevance. It is characterized by the following triad: acral and periorificial dermatitis, diarrhea and alopecia. We report a case of atypical presentation in an almost 6-month-old infant with periorificial lesions and acral blisters that quickly resolved with supplemental Zinc therapy (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Lactante , Zinc/deficiencia , Acrodermatitis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/diagnóstico , Acrodermatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sulfato de Zinc/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health. Approximately 1.4% of deaths worldwide are related to zinc deficiency. In Mexico, 33% of children younger than 5 years are zinc deficient. OBJECTIVE: To give an overview of zinc supplementation and fortification in children younger than 5 years through the analysis of current regulations in Mexico, the availability of these products, and the opinion of Mexican experts in this field. METHODS: We gave an overview of zinc supplementation and fortification strategies in the Mexican pediatric population by conducting a literature review of Mexican studies and national standards concerning zinc supplementation and fortification. Semistructured interviews were conducted with personnel from the main producers of zinc supplements and fortified products and from social assistance programs in Mexico. RESULTS: Zinc supplementation in Mexico has been associated with reduction in the duration and incidence of diarrhea. Through interviews with experts, we identified several barriers in achieving adequate zinc consumption such as problems in social assistance programs that distribute zinc-fortified foods, lack of specific dietary recommendations regarding the intake of zinc, lack of regulation of nonpatented zinc supplements, and inconsistencies in public health actions due to political and administrative changes. CONCLUSION: Despite current regulation and efforts made by social assistance programs, zinc deficiency continues to be a prevalent public health issue. Mexico requires an in-depth analysis of existing barriers and alternatives in order to reduce zinc deficiency.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Alimentos Fortificados/estadística & datos numéricos , Política Nutricional/legislación & jurisprudencia , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada/legislación & jurisprudencia , Zinc/deficiencia , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Prevalencia , Zinc/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
One in four children younger than age five in Guatemala experiences anaemia (haemoglobin <11.0 g/dl). This study characterized the factors and micronutrient deficiencies associated with anaemia in a baseline cross-sectional sample of 182 Guatemalan infants/toddlers and 207 preschoolers, using generalized linear mixed models. Associations between anaemia and maternal, child and household variables, and biomarkers (soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, zinc, folate, vitamin B12, C-reactive protein, and α1-acid glycoprotein) were explored. Rates of anaemia were 56% among infants/toddlers and 12.1% among preschoolers. In children with anaemia, rates of iron deficiency (low ferritin based on inflammation status, and/or high soluble transferrin receptor, ≥1.97 mg/L) and zinc deficiency (serum zinc <65 µg/dl) were 81.1% and 53.7%, respectively. Folate deficiency (either plasma folate <3 ng/ml or erythrocyte folate <100 ng/ml) was 3.3%. Vitamin B12 deficiency (plasma vitamin B12 <148 pmol/L) was 7.5%. For infants and toddlers (<24 months), the odds ratio of anaemia was lower when higher number of adults lived in the household (OR = 0.69; 95% CI [0.53, 0.90]), and higher when children were zinc deficient (OR = 3.40; 95% CI [1.54, 7.47]). For preschoolers (36-60 months), the odds ratio of anaemia was lower for every additional month of age (OR = 0.90; 95% CI [0.81, 1.00]). Findings suggest that micronutrient deficiencies coexist in Guatemalan rural children, and zinc deficiency is associated with anaemia in children <24 months, highlighting the need of continued multidisciplinary interventions with multiple micronutrients. Further research examining how household composition, feeding practices, and accessibility to micronutrient supplements and to animal source foods is needed to incorporate strategies to improve the nutritional status of Guatemalan children.
Asunto(s)
Anemia/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Micronutrientes/deficiencia , Zinc/deficiencia , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Composición Familiar , Femenino , Deficiencia de Ácido Fólico , Guatemala/epidemiología , Guatemala/etnología , Humanos , Lactante , Deficiencias de Hierro , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Prevalencia , Población Rural , Deficiencia de Vitamina B 12RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Micronutrient deficiencies are common among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). The clinical and immunologic consequences of micronutrient deficiencies have been poorly explored in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of zinc and selenium deficiency (dietary intake and serum concentrations) and analyze their associations with absolute CD4+ T-cell counts, inflammation markers, and metabolic disorders in a cohort of antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected individuals. METHODS: The zinc and selenium intakes of 124 HIV-infected men were estimated using 3-d food records. In a subcohort of 45 individuals, serum zinc and selenium concentrations and proinflammatory cytokines were determined. Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), CD4+ T-cell counts, lipid profile, glucose, and blood pressure were determined and were associated with zinc and selenium dietary intake and serum concentrations. RESULTS: Of the PLWHIV studied, 58% had suboptimal intake of zinc and 8% demonstrated suboptimal intake of selenium. Serum deficiencies for zinc and selenium were 23.9% and 65.9%, respectively. Zinc and selenium intake were correlated with increased muscle mass. Selenium intake was associated with increased BMD of the lumbar region. An inverse correlation between serum selenium concentration and several proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) was found. CONCLUSION: Suboptimal zinc and selenium intake and serum concentration deficiencies are highly prevalent in treated HIV-positive individuals and are associated with body composition, BMD, and inflammation. Clinical trials should be designed to explore the effect of zinc and selenium supplementation on metabolic, inflammatory, and immunologic parameters on the HIV-positive population.
Asunto(s)
Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , VIH , Selenio/deficiencia , Zinc/deficiencia , Adulto , Antirretrovirales/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Citocinas/sangre , Dieta/efectos adversos , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Infecciones por VIH/sangre , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Micronutrientes/análisis , Micronutrientes/deficiencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estado Nutricional , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Selenio/análisis , Zinc/análisisRESUMEN
Changes in eating behavior of adolescents are associated with high consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods. This study evaluated the association between these foods and the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 444 adolescents from public schools in the city of Natal, northeastern Brazil. The adolescents' habitual food consumption was evaluated using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Foods were categorized according to the degree of processing (processed and ultra-processed) and distributed into energy quartiles, using the NOVA classification system. Inadequacies in micronutrient intake were assessed using the estimated average requirement (EAR) as the cutoff point. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between energy percentage from processed and ultra-processed foods and prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake. The mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) consumption of total energy from processed foods ranged from 5.8% (1.7%) in Q1 to 20.6% (2.9%) in Q4, while the mean consumption of total energy from ultra-processed foods ranged from 21.4% (4.9%) in Q1 to 61.5% (11.7%) in Q4. The rates of inadequate intake of vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, calcium, and selenium were above 80% for both sexes across all age groups. Energy consumption from processed foods was associated with higher prevalence of inadequate selenium intake (p < 0.01) and lower prevalence of inadequate vitamin B1 intake (p = 0.04). Energy consumption from ultra-processed foods was associated with lower prevalence of inadequate zinc and vitamin B1 intake (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). An increase in the proportion of energy obtained from processed and ultra-processed foods may reflect higher prevalence of inadequate selenium intake and lower prevalence of vitamin B1 and zinc inadequacy.
Asunto(s)
Ingestión de Energía , Comida Rápida/efectos adversos , Selenio/metabolismo , Deficiencia de Tiamina/epidemiología , Tiamina/metabolismo , Zinc/metabolismo , Adolescente , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Adolescentes , Brasil , Niño , Comida Rápida/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Selenio/deficiencia , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Zinc/deficienciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between supplements and Liconsa milk intake, with anemia, zinc (ZD) and iron (ID) deficiencies, and morbidity in Mexican children resident of less than 100 000 habitants' localities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A subsample of 1 516 children aged 1-4 participants of Ensanut 100k was analyzed, carried out in 2018. Anemia was considered if [Hb]<11 g/dL, ZD if [Zn]<65 µg/dL and ID if [ferritin]<12 µg/L. Supplements and Liconsa milk consumption were obtained from a semi-quantitative food frequency; morbidity by self-report of the mother. Multiple logistic regression models were used adjusted by confounders. RESULTS: Medium and high consumption of Liconsa milk was associated to lower odds of ID (OR=0.02, [95%CI 0.002,0.24] and OR=0.07, [95%CI 0.01,0.52]) and anemia (OR=0.13, [95%CI 0.04,0.37] and OR=0.17, [95%CI 0.03,0.87]). A high intake of Liconsa milk (OR=0.09, [95%CI 0.01,0.44]) and Vitaniño (OR=0.05 [95%CI 0.005, 0.46]) were both associated to lower diarrhea risk. CONCLUSIONS: To assure the continuity of the consumption of nutritional supplements is necessary for improving the health and the micronutrients status in vulnerable Mexican children.
OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre el consumo de suplementos o leche Liconsa y anemia, deficiencias de zinc (DZ) y hierro (DH) y morbilidad en niños mexicanos residentes de localidades menores a 100 000 habitantes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó información de 1 516 niños de 1 a 4 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes realizada en el año 2018. Se definió Anemia si [Hb]<11 g/dL, DZ: [Zn]<65 µg/dL y DH: [ferritina]<12 µg/L. El consumo de suplementos y de leche Liconsa se obtuvo del cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos y morbilidad por autorreporte de la madre. Se emplearon modelos de regresión logística múltiple para el análisis de las asociaciones, ajustados por confusores. RESULTADOS: El consumo medio y alto de leche Liconsa se asoció con menor momio de DH (RM=0.02 [IC95% 0.002,0.24] y RM=0.07 [IC95% 0.01,0.52]) y anemia (RM=0.13 [IC95% 0.04,0.37] y RM=0.17 [IC95% 0.03,0.87]). Un alto consumo de leche Liconsa (RM=0.09, [IC95% 0.01,0.44]) y de Vitaniño (RM=0.05 [IC95% 0.005, 0.46]) se asoció con menor momio de diarrea. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario considerar la continuidad del consumo de suplementos nutricionales para mejorar la salud y el estado de micronutrimentos en población infantil mexicana vulnerable.
Asunto(s)
Anemia/epidemiología , Enfermedades Carenciales/epidemiología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Alimentos Fortificados , Deficiencias de Hierro , Leche , Morbilidad , Zinc/deficiencia , Animales , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Encuestas Nutricionales , Densidad de PoblaciónRESUMEN
Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el consumo de suplementos o leche Liconsa y anemia, deficiencias de zinc (DZ) y hierro (DH) y morbilidad en niños mexicanos residentes de localidades menores a 100 000 habitantes. Material y métodos: Se analizó información de 1 516 niños de 1 a 4 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición en localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes realizada en el año 2018. Se definió Anemia si [Hb]<11 g/dL, DZ: [Zn]<65 µg/dL y DH: [ferritina]<12 µg/L. El consumo de suplementos y de leche Liconsa se obtuvo del cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos y morbilidad por autorreporte de la madre. Se emplearon modelos de regresión logística múltiple para el análisis de las asociaciones, ajustados por confusores. Resultados: El consumo medio y alto de leche Liconsa se asoció con menor momio de DH (RM=0.02 [IC95% 0.002,0.24] y RM=0.07 [IC95% 0.01,0.52]) y anemia (RM=0.13 [IC95% 0.04,0.37] y RM=0.17 [IC95% 0.03,0.87]). Un alto consumo de leche Liconsa (RM=0.09, [IC95% 0.01,0.44]) y de Vitaniño (RM=0.05 [IC95% 0.005, 0.46]) se asoció con menor momio de diarrea. Conclusiones: Es necesario considerar la continuidad del consumo de suplementos nutricionales para mejorar la salud y el estado de micronutrimentos en población infantil mexicana vulnerable.
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the association between supplements and Liconsa milk intake, with anemia, zinc (ZD) and iron (ID) deficiencies, and morbidity in Mexican children resident of less than 100 000 habitants' localities. Materials and methods: A subsample of 1 516 children aged 1-4 participants of Ensanut 100k was analyzed, carried out in 2018. Anemia was considered if [Hb]<11 g/dL, ZD if [Zn]<65 µg/dL and ID if [ferritin]<12 µg/L. Supplements and Liconsa milk consumption were obtained from a semi-quantitative food frequency; morbidity by self-report of the mother. Multiple logistic regression models were used adjusted by confounders. Results: Medium and high consumption of Liconsa milk was associated to lower odds of ID (OR=0.02, [95%CI 0.002,0.24] and OR=0.07, [95%CI 0.01,0.52]) and anemia (OR=0.13, [95%CI 0.04,0.37] and OR=0.17, [95%CI 0.03,0.87]). A high intake of Liconsa milk (OR=0.09, [95%CI 0.01,0.44]) and Vitaniño (OR=0.05 [95%CI 0.005, 0.46]) were both associated to lower diarrhea risk. Conclusions: To assure the continuity of the consumption of nutritional supplements is necessary for improving the health and the micronutrients status in vulnerable Mexican children.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Alimentos Fortificados , Morbilidad , Suplementos Dietéticos , Enfermedades Carenciales/epidemiología , Leche , Anemia/epidemiología , Zinc/deficiencia , Encuestas Nutricionales , Estudios Transversales , Densidad de Población , México/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human beings and its deficiency affects their normal growth and development. OBJECTIVE: The main aim was to evaluate the effect of two doses of zinc supplementation (ZS) on the nutritional status in chronic kidney disease (CKD) children. METHODS: A randomized-trial multicentric study was conducted in 48 CKD (23 females) patients under 18-years-old, for a year. At random, participants took 30 or 15 mg/day of ZS, respectively. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analysis were performed. Hypozincemia was determined by serum zinc concentration (SZC) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The positive or negative change in patients' body mass index (BMI) Z-score, serum albumin, zinc and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were used to evaluate the effect of ZS. RESULTS: Mean SZC was normal before and after ZS. Despite ZS, there were no significant changes in serum albumin, zinc and CRP levels. A positive and significant association was observed between SZC and serum albumin before (p = 0.000) and after (p = 0.007) ZS. In both groups of ZS, there was a small but positive and significant change in body mass and normalization in BMI Z-score, hypoalbuminemia, hypozincemia and high CRP, especially with 30 mg/day of ZS. CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation may be beneficial for nutritional status in children and adolescents with CKD.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Micronutrientes/administración & dosificación , Estado Nutricional/efectos de los fármacos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Zinc/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoalbuminemia/etiología , Lactante , Masculino , Perú , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Proyectos de Investigación , Albúmina Sérica/efectos de los fármacos , Zinc/sangre , Zinc/deficienciaRESUMEN
Zinc is required for fetal development and is involved in key processes associated with breast carcinogenesis. We evaluated whether maternal zinc deficiency or supplementation during gestation influences female offspring susceptibility to breast cancer in adulthood. C57BL/6 mice consumed during gestation control (30â¯p.p.m. zinc), zinc-deficient (8 p.p.m) or zinc-supplemented (45â¯p.p.m.) diets. Maternal zinc supplementation increased in female mice offspring the incidence of chemically-induced mammary adenocarcinomas that were heavier, compared to control group. This was accompanied by a decreased number of terminal end buds, increased cell proliferation and apoptosis, and increased tumor suppressors p21, p53 and Rassf1, Zfp382 and Stat3 expression in mammary glands, as well as increased zinc status. Although maternal zinc deficiency did not alter the incidence of these lesions, it also induced heavier mammary adenocarcinomas, compared to control group. These effects were accompanied by a decreased number of terminal end buds, increased proto-oncogenes c-Myc and Lmo4 expression and H3K9Me3 and H4K20Me3 epigenetic marks in mammary glands of offspring, and decreased zinc status and increased levels of oxidative marker malondialdehyde. The data suggest that both maternal zinc deficiency and supplementation during gestation programmed increased breast cancer susceptibility in adult mice offspring following a J-shaped pattern through distinct mechanisms.