RESUMEN
In this study, the first records of lesions in osteoderms of Holmesina, a group of fossil cingulates related to armadillos, possibly caused by the action of penetrating fleas (Siphonaptera) are described. Three individuals of Holmesina cryptae (Pampatheriidae) were collected from Quaternary sediments in Lapinha Cave (Iramaia, Bahia state, Brazil). Their osteoderms were analyzed by stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy and alterations on their surfaces were recognized. We found 63 marks distributed in 23 of 1300 analyzed osteoderms (approximately 1.8% of the total of osteoderms), characterized by vertical cavities with well-delimited circular borders similar to those lesions made by Tungidae fleas in extant mammals. These records indicate that there was an interaction between penetrating fleas and pampatheres during the Quaternary in Brazilian Intertropical Region, and contribute to the understanding of the evolution of these ectoparasites and the relationship with their hosts.
Asunto(s)
Fósiles/parasitología , Siphonaptera/crecimiento & desarrollo , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , Brasil , PaleopatologíaRESUMEN
Amblyomma nodosum is a Neotropical tick species distributed from Mexico to Argentina, with adult individuals infesting different mammal species, including anteaters (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae). Few reports in Colombia have recorded this species in departments such as Meta, Tolima and Valle del Cauca. In this paper we describe this species using taxonomic, morphometric and molecular methods after collecting individuals parasitizing collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla) in the departments of Cundinamarca and Tolima. Adult specimens were identified based on current taxonomic keys and different morphometric variables were documented in nonengorged individuals. Also, DNA was extracted for PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA, COI and ITS2 genes. Phylogenetic trees were built. One hundred and thirty-four adult ticks were collected and identified as Amblyomma nodosum, based on morphological, morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic analyses. This is the first study to report the presence of this tick species in the department of Cundinamarca, using multiple identification approaches, thus expanding its geographical records in Colombia.(AU)
Amblyomma nodosum é uma espécie de carrapato Neotropical distribuída do México à Argentina com indivíduos adultos, infestando diversas espécies de mamíferos, incluindo tamanduás (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae). Na Colômbia, limitados relatos têm registrado essa espécie em alguns departamentos como Meta, Tolima e Valle del Cauca. Neste trabalho, espécimes foram identificados por meio de métodos taxonômicos, morfométricos e moleculares após serem coletados parasitando indivíduos de tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) dos departamentos de Cundinamarca e Tolima. Espécimes adultos foram identificados por meio de chaves taxonômicas e diversas variáveis morfométricas foram ristradas em indivíduos não ingurgitados. Além disso, o DNA foi extraído para amplificação pela PCR e por sequenciamento dos genes 16S rDNA, COI e ITS2. Árvores filogenéticas foram construídas. No total, 134 carrapatos adultos foram coletados e identificados como Amblyomma nodosum por meio de análises morfológicas, morfométricas, moleculares e de filogenia. Este é o primeiro estudo que relata, por meio de múltiplas ferramentas de identificação, esta espécie no departamento de Cundinamarca ampliando assim seus registros geográficos na Colômbia.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Xenarthra/parasitología , Garrapatas/clasificación , FilogeniaRESUMEN
For years, mammals of the order Pilosa have been considered Leishmania reservoirs. But while most studies have focused on sloth species, anteaters have been overlooked, and in many Leishmania endemic countries like Mexico, no studies have been carried out. The aims of this work were to identify the presence of Leishmania spp. in tissue samples from road-killed northern tamanduas (Tamandua mexicana), using PCR amplification and sequencing of ITS1 DNA, and to discuss the role of Pilosa mammals as reservoirs of Leishmania based on available scientific records. This is the first study that identifies Leishmania in T. mexicana, from 1 of 16 individuals analyzed, so the estimated prevalence (CI 95%) of infection was 6.3% (0.3-27.2). Amplified sequence exhibited a 98.9% (727/735) similarity with L. mexicana, and phylogenetic analysis grouped the species in the L. mexicana-amazonensis cluster. The literature review revealed 241 cases of Leishmania spp. infection among 1219 Pilosa mammals evaluated, with prevalence between studies ranging from 3.5% in the brown-throated three-toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus) to 78% in the Hoffman's two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni). Current scientific information indicates that C. hoffmanni sloths are reservoirs of Leishmania, and further studies are needed in order to clarify if other Pilosa species play a role in Leishmania transmission.
Asunto(s)
Reservorios de Enfermedades/parasitología , Leishmania mexicana/aislamiento & purificación , Leishmaniasis/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis/veterinaria , Perezosos/parasitología , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , ADN Protozoario/genética , Leishmania mexicana/genética , México/epidemiología , FilogeniaRESUMEN
The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and the collared anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla) are widespread in Brazil and found in all Brazilian biomes. These hosts frequently use domestic animal environments such as pastures, where tick and related microorganism interchange may occur between hosts. Reports of tick infestations of these animals are scattered and refer to small samples and/or are geographically restricted. We herein present data on a wide geographic distribution of ticks and their Rickettsia collected from 72 giant and 30 collared anteaters, mostly road killed, over a period of 18 years, from Southeast and Central-West Brazil encompassing four States and 46 Municipalities. Overall nine tick species (Amblyomma auricularium, A. calcaratum, A. nodosum, A. ovale, A. parvum, A. sculptum, A. triste, Rhipicephalus microplus and R. sanguineus sensu lato) were collected from anteaters. Amblyomma sculptum, A. nodosum, and A. calcaratum were the most prevalent corresponding to, respectively, 48.8%, 39.3% and 2.7% of all ticks (n = 1775). However, A. nodosum tick numbers on collared anteaters were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those on giant anteaters. At the same time, an abundance of A. sculptum adults on giant anteaters was significantly higher (Z = 2.875; P = 0.004) than that of A. nodosum and only eight A. sculptum nymphs were found on collared anteaters. DNA samples from 20 ticks from nine different animals yielded a visible amplicon in PCR targeting gltA. The PCR products targeting spotted-fever Rickettsia gene (ompA) from five adults of A. nodosum were sequenced and were shown to be 100% identical to Rickettsia parkeri strain NOD (MF737635.1). The product of one nymph and one adult of A. sculptum yielded a sequence 99% identical to R. parkeri strain NOD. Further, Rickettsia bellii genes were found in three A. nodosum adults. Ecological, behavioral and anatomical traits of anteaters are discussed to explain reported tick infestations and Rickettsia DNA found.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Rickettsia/veterinaria , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Garrapatas/microbiología , Xenarthra/microbiología , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , Animales Salvajes/microbiología , Animales Salvajes/parasitología , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Brasil/epidemiología , Geografía , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Infecciones por Rickettsia/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Studies on paleopathological alterations in fossil vertebrates, including damages caused by infections and ectoparasites, are important because they are potential sources of paleoecological information. Analyzing exoskeleton material (isolated osteoderms, carapace and caudal tube fragments) from fossil cingulates of the Brazilian Quaternary Megafauna, we identified damages that were attributed to attacks by fleas and dermic infections. The former were compatible with alterations produced by one species of flea of the genus Tunga, which generates well-delimited circular perforations with a patterned distribution along the carapace; the latter were attributable to pathogenic microorganisms, likely bacteria or fungi that removed the ornamentation of osteoderms and, in certain cases, generated craters or pittings. Certain bone alterations observed in this study represent the first record of flea attack and pitting in two species of large glyptodonts (Panochthus and Glyptotherium) and in a non-glyptodontid large cingulate (Pachyarmatherium) from the Quaternary of the Brazilian Intertropical Region. These new occurrences widen the geographic distribution of those diseases during the Cenozoic and provide more evidence for the co-evolutionary interaction between cingulates and parasites registered to date only for a small number of other extinct and extant species.
Asunto(s)
Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Fósiles , Integumento Común/parasitología , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , Evolución Biológica , Brasil , Infestaciones por Pulgas/parasitología , Integumento Común/microbiología , Paleopatología , Filogenia , Xenarthra/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Amblyomma nodosum ticks were collected from one collared anteater ( Tamandua tetradactyla) in the Caatinga biome, Brazil. From one sample, we isolated a Rickettsia sp. that was phylogenetically close to Rickettsia sp. strain NOD, with 99.9, 100.0, and 99.8% identity for gltA, htrA, and ompA genes, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Rickettsia/clasificación , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Garrapatas/microbiología , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Filogenia , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Pterygodermatites is a cosmopolitan genus of nematodes from mammals, and it is frequently encountered in the parasite fauna of armadillos (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata). In this work, a new species, Pterygodermatites ( Paucipectines) argentinensis, is described, and new morphometric data, new host records, and the geographical distribution of Pterygodermatites ( Paucipectines) chaetophracti are provided. We examined 109 hosts belonging to Chaetophractus vellerosus, Chaetophractus villosus, Cabassous chacoensis, Dasypus hybridus, Tolypeutes matacus, and Zaedyus pichiy, from several regions of Argentina. Pterygodermatites ( Paucipectines) argentinensis can be distinguished from P. ( P.) chaetophracti by the morphology and size of esophageal teeth of both sexes, by subequal and longer spicules, by having only 1 precloacal cuticular semicircular fan in males, and by a greater number of cuticular processes in females. Cabassous chacoensis and Zaedyus pichiy are new hosts for Pterygodermatites ( P.) chaetophracti.
Asunto(s)
Parasitosis Intestinales/veterinaria , Infecciones por Spirurida/veterinaria , Spirurina/aislamiento & purificación , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , Argentina , Femenino , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Intestino Delgado/parasitología , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Infecciones por Spirurida/parasitología , Spirurina/anatomía & histología , Spirurina/clasificación , Spirurina/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
A Caatinga é um bioma exclusivamente brasileiro e um dos mais diversificados do mundo, abrigando grande variedade faunística. Este estudo objetivou relatar a presença de carrapatos em tamanduás Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) atendidos no Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, Petrolina-PE, Brasil. De fevereiro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2016, 23 T. tetradactyla foram recebidos e inspecionados para avaliação da presença de carrapatos. A identificação foi realizada pela observação das características morfológicas e pela utilização de chaves taxonômicas. Aproximadamente 8,69% (2/23) dos animais apresentavam parasitismo por carrapatos. Os ixodídeos foram encontrados fixados nas regiões ventral e cervical, e identificados como Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (cinco fêmeas), Amblyomma auricularium (uma larva, 18 ninfas e uma fêmea) e Amblyomma sp. (seis larvas). Este estudo relata o parasitismo inédito de larva de A. auricularium em T. tetradactyla no semiárido pernambucano, bem como reafirma a maior afinidade por membros da superordem Xenarthra. O parasitismo de R. sanguineus s.l. em tamanduá-mirim pode estar relacionado ao compartilhamento do mesmo habitat com cães domésticos infestados. O parasitismo sobre animais silvestres em novas localidades onde não foi registrado previamente deve ser estudado para ampliação do conhecimento sobre a distribuição geográfica dos ixodídeos no Brasil.(AU)
The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome and one of the most diverse in the world, housing a great variety faunal. Southern Tamandua (Linnaeus, 1758), known as collared anteater, can be found throughout the country. The present study aimed to report the presence of ticks on anteaters treated at the Conservation Center and Wildlife Management of Caatinga, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. From February 2010 to February 2016, 23 T. tetradactyla from the municipalities of Juazeiro (BA) Casa Nova (BA), Sento Sé (BA), Nonato (PI), Petrolina (PE), Great Pond (PE ) and Willow (PE), have been received and inspected to evaluate the presence of ticks, which were later collected with the help of anatomical tweezer and stored in tubes containing 70% alcohol. The identification was carried out by observation of morphological characteristics in stereomicroscope and use of taxonomic keys. Approximately 8.69% (2/23) of the animals had parasitism by ticks. The Ixodids were found fixed on ventral and cervical regions and were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (five female), parasitizing the anteater 1 coming from Petrolina-PE; Amblyomma auricularium (one larva, 18 nymphs and a female) and Amblyomma sp. parasitizing the anteater 2 coming from Salgueiro-PE. This study reports the novel parasitism by larva of A. auricularium in T. tetradactyla in semiarid of Pernambuco ; and reaffirms the higher affinity of this ixodid by members of the superorder Xenarthra. It was possible to determine the parasitism of R. sanguineus s.l. in collared anteater, the which may be related to the sharing of the same habitat with domestic dogs infested. The parasitism of wild animals in new locations where they were not previously registered must be stimulated to expand the knowledge of the geographical distribution of ixodids in Brazil.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Xenarthra/parasitología , Garrapatas , Rhipicephalus sanguineus , IxodidaeRESUMEN
A Caatinga é um bioma exclusivamente brasileiro e um dos mais diversificados do mundo, abrigando grande variedade faunística. Este estudo objetivou relatar a presença de carrapatos em tamanduás Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) atendidos no Centro de Conservação e Manejo de Fauna da Caatinga, Petrolina-PE, Brasil. De fevereiro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2016, 23 T. tetradactyla foram recebidos e inspecionados para avaliação da presença de carrapatos. A identificação foi realizada pela observação das características morfológicas e pela utilização de chaves taxonômicas. Aproximadamente 8,69% (2/23) dos animais apresentavam parasitismo por carrapatos. Os ixodídeos foram encontrados fixados nas regiões ventral e cervical, e identificados como Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (cinco fêmeas), Amblyomma auricularium (uma larva, 18 ninfas e uma fêmea) e Amblyomma sp. (seis larvas). Este estudo relata o parasitismo inédito de larva de A. auricularium em T. tetradactyla no semiárido pernambucano, bem como reafirma a maior afinidade por membros da superordem Xenarthra. O parasitismo de R. sanguineus s.l. em tamanduá-mirim pode estar relacionado ao compartilhamento do mesmo habitat com cães domésticos infestados. O parasitismo sobre animais silvestres em novas localidades onde não foi registrado previamente deve ser estudado para ampliação do conhecimento sobre a distribuição geográfica dos ixodídeos no Brasil.(AU)
The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome and one of the most diverse in the world, housing a great variety faunal. Southern Tamandua (Linnaeus, 1758), known as collared anteater, can be found throughout the country. The present study aimed to report the presence of ticks on anteaters treated at the Conservation Center and Wildlife Management of Caatinga, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. From February 2010 to February 2016, 23 T. tetradactyla from the municipalities of Juazeiro (BA) Casa Nova (BA), Sento Sé (BA), Nonato (PI), Petrolina (PE), Great Pond (PE ) and Willow (PE), have been received and inspected to evaluate the presence of ticks, which were later collected with the help of anatomical tweezer and stored in tubes containing 70% alcohol. The identification was carried out by observation of morphological characteristics in stereomicroscope and use of taxonomic keys. Approximately 8.69% (2/23) of the animals had parasitism by ticks. The Ixodids were found fixed on ventral and cervical regions and were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (five female), parasitizing the anteater 1 coming from Petrolina-PE; Amblyomma auricularium (one larva, 18 nymphs and a female) and Amblyomma sp. parasitizing the anteater 2 coming from Salgueiro-PE. This study reports the novel parasitism by larva of A. auricularium in T. tetradactyla in semiarid of Pernambuco ; and reaffirms the higher affinity of this ixodid by members of the superorder Xenarthra. It was possible to determine the parasitism of R. sanguineus s.l. in collared anteater, the which may be related to the sharing of the same habitat with domestic dogs infested. The parasitism of wild animals in new locations where they were not previously registered must be stimulated to expand the knowledge of the geographical distribution of ixodids in Brazil.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ixodidae , Rhipicephalus sanguineus , Garrapatas , Xenarthra/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera, Tungidae) is a flea that infests humans and a variety of domestic and wild animals. Burrowing of the female flea under the skin causes tungiasis, a disease that manifests in skin lesions that if untreated, can progress to severe complications. In this paper, we report the first case of T. penetrans in a wild giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) from Argentina. We describe the lesions and discuss the potential role of the giant anteater as a host or reservoir for this flea.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Tunga , Tungiasis/veterinaria , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , Argentina/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Pie/parasitología , Masculino , Tungiasis/epidemiología , Tungiasis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan, which establishes acute and chronic infections in birds and mammals, including humans. This note reports, for the first time, the detection and sequencing of DNA from T. gondii in the peripheral blood of a young free range giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). For the diagnosis, the following methods were used: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and positive serology (1:800) by means of the modified agglutination test (MAT). Since this species may be consumed by humans and predated by wild felids, its importance is emphasized as a probable source of zoonotic infection, in addition to its possible participation in the infection enzootic cycle. Although, parasitemia has been confirmed in this specimen, it presented no clinical sign of infection.
RESUMO: A toxoplasmose é causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, um protozoário intracelular obrigatório, que estabelece infecções agudas e crônicas em aves e mamíferos, incluindo humanos. Esta nota relata, pela primeira vez, a detecção e o sequenciamento do DNA de T. gondii em sangue periférico de um filhote de tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) de vida livre. Para o diagnóstico, os seguintes métodos foram utilizados: reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) e sorologia positiva (1:800) por meio de teste de aglutinação modificado (MAT). Por se tratar de uma espécie que pode ser consumida por humanos e predada por felídeos silvestres, sua importância é ressaltada como uma provável fonte de infecção zoonótica, além da sua possível participação no ciclo enzoótico de infecção. Embora a parasitemia tenha sido comprovada neste espécime, ele não apresentava sinais clínicos de infecção.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Serología/métodos , Toxoplasma/parasitología , Xenarthra/parasitologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan, which establishes acute and chronic infections in birds and mammals, including humans. This note reports, for the first time, the detection and sequencing of DNA from T. gondii in the peripheral blood of a young free range giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). For the diagnosis, the following methods were used: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and positive serology (1:800) by means of the modified agglutination test (MAT). Since this species may be consumed by humans and predated by wild felids, its importance is emphasized as a probable source of zoonotic infection, in addition to its possible participation in the infection enzootic cycle. Although, parasitemia has been confirmed in this specimen, it presented no clinical sign of infection.(AU)
RESUMO: A toxoplasmose é causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, um protozoário intracelular obrigatório, que estabelece infecções agudas e crônicas em aves e mamíferos, incluindo humanos. Esta nota relata, pela primeira vez, a detecção e o sequenciamento do DNA de T. gondii em sangue periférico de um filhote de tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) de vida livre. Para o diagnóstico, os seguintes métodos foram utilizados: reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) e sorologia positiva (1:800) por meio de teste de aglutinação modificado (MAT). Por se tratar de uma espécie que pode ser consumida por humanos e predada por felídeos silvestres, sua importância é ressaltada como uma provável fonte de infecção zoonótica, além da sua possível participação no ciclo enzoótico de infecção. Embora a parasitemia tenha sido comprovada neste espécime, ele não apresentava sinais clínicos de infecção.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Xenarthra/parasitología , Toxoplasma/parasitología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Serología/métodosRESUMEN
A free living female adult of Myrmecophaga tridactyla was captured in an area of deforestation in Salta Province of northwest Argentina, for subsequent relocation in Iberá Park. Three days after entering the quarantine it died with clinical signs of anorexia and ascites. It presented severe hypochromic microcytic anemia, hypoproteinemia and increase of CPK, AST and LDH on blood analysis. Grossly, there were ascites, hydrothorax, pulmonary congestion and severe catarrhal hyperplasic gastritis. The gastric mucosa was diffusely hyperemic with two clusters of numerous Physaloptera magnipapilla attached in the fundic region. Fundic mucosa was irregular with convoluted surface and covered with abundant brown-yellow catarrhal exudates. Microscopically, the gastric mucosa had well described punctate areas (pit-like structures) at points of P. magnipapilla attachment. Additionally, there were mucous hyperplasia of gastric glands and focal fibrosis with scarce infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes, multinucleated giant cells and eosinophils in the underlying lamina propria. This report describes a case of anemia and hyperplastic gastritis due to Physaloptera magnipapilla parasitism in a free-living Myrmecophaga tridactyla.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Anemia Hipocrómica/veterinaria , Gastritis/veterinaria , Spiruroidea/parasitología , Xenarthra/parasitología , Anorexia/veterinaria , Argentina , Ascitis/veterinariaRESUMEN
A free living female adult of Myrmecophaga tridactyla was captured in an area of deforestation in Salta Province of northwest Argentina, for subsequent relocation in Iberá Park. Three days after entering the quarantine it died with clinical signs of anorexia and ascites. It presented severe hypochromic microcytic anemia, hypoproteinemia and increase of CPK, AST and LDH on blood analysis. Grossly, there were ascites, hydrothorax, pulmonary congestion and severe catarrhal hyperplasic gastritis. The gastric mucosa was diffusely hyperemic with two clusters of numerous Physaloptera magnipapilla attached in the fundic region. Fundic mucosa was irregular with convoluted surface and covered with abundant brown-yellow catarrhal exudates. Microscopically, the gastric mucosa had well described punctate areas (pit-like structures) at points of P. magnipapilla attachment. Additionally, there were mucous hyperplasia of gastric glands and focal fibrosis with scarce infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes, multinucleated giant cells and eosinophils in the underlying lamina propria. This report describes a case of anemia and hyperplastic gastritis due to Physaloptera magnipapilla parasitism in a free-living Myrmecophaga tridactyla.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Xenarthra/parasitología , Gastritis/veterinaria , Spiruroidea/parasitología , Anemia Hipocrómica/veterinaria , Argentina , Anorexia/veterinaria , Ascitis/veterinariaRESUMEN
Carrapatos são ectoparasitos hematófagos importantes para a saúde pública e animal por transmitirem agentes infecciosos durante a hematofagia, bem como causarem injúrias a seus hospedeiros. A ocorrência dos carrapatos Amblyomma ovale e Amblyomma fuscum é registrada, pela primeira vez, para o Brasil, parasitando tatu-galinha (Dasypus novemcinctus).(AU)
Ticks are important bloodsucking ectoparasites for public and animal health for transmitting infectious agents during blood feeding and causing injuries to their hosts. The authors report the occurrence of Amblyomma ovale and Amblyomma fuscum for the first time in Brazil, parasitizing the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus).(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Armadillos , Garrapatas , Ixodidae/parasitología , Xenarthra/parasitología , BrasilRESUMEN
Ticks are important bloodsucking ectoparasites for public and animal health for transmitting infectious agents during blood feeding and causing injuries to their hosts. The authors report the occurrence of Amblyomma ovale and Amblyomma fuscum for the first time in Brazil, parasitizing the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus).
Carrapatos são ectoparasitos hematófagos importantes para a saúde pública e animal por transmitirem agentes infecciosos durante a hematofagia, bem como causarem injúrias a seus hospedeiros. A ocorrência dos carrapatos Amblyomma ovale e Amblyomma fuscum é registrada, pela primeira vez, para o Brasil, parasitando tatu-galinha (Dasypus novemcinctus).
Asunto(s)
Animales , Garrapatas , Ixodidae/parasitología , Armadillos , Xenarthra/parasitología , BrasilRESUMEN
Ticks are important bloodsucking ectoparasites for public and animal health for transmitting infectious agents during blood feeding and causing injuries to their hosts. The authors report the occurrence of Amblyomma ovale and Amblyomma fuscum for the first time in Brazil, parasitizing the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus).(AU)
Carrapatos são ectoparasitos hematófagos importantes para a saúde pública e animal por transmitirem agentes infecciosos durante a hematofagia, bem como causarem injúrias a seus hospedeiros. A ocorrência dos carrapatos Amblyomma ovale e Amblyomma fuscum é registrada, pela primeira vez, para o Brasil, parasitando tatu-galinha (Dasypus novemcinctus).(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ixodidae/parasitología , Xenarthra/parasitología , Armadillos , Garrapatas , BrasilRESUMEN
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes abortion and reproductive disorder in domestic animals. T. gondii is a common worldwide disease in homeothermic animals, including birds and humans. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in the armadillo Chaetophractus villosus in the province of La Pampa, Argentina. Serum samples were collected from 150 individuals (70 males and 80 females). For serological detection of T. gondii, a latex agglutination test was first performed and then positive sera were confirmed with an indirect hemagglutination test, using 1:4 to 1:64 dilutions. Results showed that 27% (41) of the samples presented titers for antibodies against T. gondii. There were not significant differences between the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and age or sexes of the armadillos. Results show that presence of T. gondii antibodies in armadillos were associated with presence of pigs, and sheep, however there was not association with chickens and dairy cattle in capture site. T. gondii has an important presence in C. villosus population, suggesting a potential zoonotic risk for humans and wildlife animals when C. villosus meats are consumed raw or undercooked. This is the first record of the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in C. villosus.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , Argentina , Femenino , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Pruebas de Fijación de Látex , MasculinoRESUMEN
The detection of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mammals is crucial for understanding the eco-epidemiological role of the different species involved in parasite transmission cycles. Xenodiagnosis (XD) and hemoculture (HC) are routinely used to detect T. cruzi in wild mammals. Serological methods are much more limited because they require the use of specific antibodies to immunoglobulins of each mammalian species susceptible to T. cruzi. In this study we detected T. cruzi infection by trans-sialidase (TS) inhibition assay (TIA). TIA is based on the antibody neutralization of a recombinant TS that avoids the use of anti-immunoglobulins. TS activity is not detected in the co-endemic protozoan parasites Leishmania spp and T. rangeli. In the current study, serum samples from 158 individuals of nine wild mammalian species, previously tested by XD, were evaluated by TIA. They were collected from two endemic areas in northern Argentina. The overall TIA versus XD co-reactivity was 98.7% (156/158). All 18 samples from XD-positive mammals were TIA-positive (co-positivity, 100%) and co-negativity was 98.5% (138/140). Two XD-negative samples from a marsupial (Didelphis albiventris) and an edentate (Dasypus novemcinctus) were detected by TIA. TIA could be used as a novel tool for serological detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in a wide variety of sylvatic reservoir hosts.
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Enfermedad de Chagas/parasitología , Glicoproteínas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Marsupiales/parasitología , Mephitidae/parasitología , Neuraminidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Trypanosoma cruzi/aislamiento & purificación , Xenarthra/parasitología , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Argentina/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Chagas/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Chagas/epidemiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Mamíferos , Neuraminidasa/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes , Trypanosoma cruzi/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Some Trypanosoma and Leishmania species are multi-host parasites whose distribution overlaps in several parts of the Brazilian Amazon basin. Despite being a common trait among wild mammals, mixed infections and their consequences for the host's health and parasite transmission are still a poorly known phenomenon. Here we describe a triple mixed infection - Trypanosoma cruzi, T. rangeli and Leishmania infantum - in a bone marrow sample from an anteater Tamandua tetradactyla captured in a house backyard from the endemic Abaetetuba municipality in the Amazon basin. T. cruzi was also isolated from blood samples. The mini-exon multiplex PCR characterization detected the infection by T. rangeli and T. cruzi (TcI genotype), while L. infantum infection was confirmed by an ITS-PCR followed by amplicon sequencing. This is the first description of T. rangeli isolation from bone marrow and the first report of L. infantum infection in xenarthrans. The implications of this finding are discussed considering the influence of mixed infections in the role of this mammal species as a putative reservoir host of these 3 trypanosomatid species.