RESUMEN

Riboflavin, an essential vitamin for humans, is extensively used in various industries, with its global demand being met through fermentative processes. Hyphopichia wangnamkhiaoensis is a novel dimorphic yeast species capable of producing riboflavin. However, the nutritional factors affecting riboflavin production in this yeast species remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a kinetic study on the effects of various nutritional factors-carbon and energy sources, nitrogen sources, vitamins, and amino acids-on batch riboflavin production by H. wangnamkhiaoensis. Batch experiments were performed in a bubble column bioreactor to evaluate cell growth, substrate consumption, and riboflavin production. The highest riboflavin production was obtained when the yeast growth medium was supplemented with glucose, ammonium sulfate, biotin, and glycine. Using these chemical components, along with the mineral salts from Castañeda-Agullo's culture medium, we formulated a novel, low-cost, and effective culture medium (the RGE medium) for riboflavin production by H. wangnamkhiaoensis. This medium resulted in the highest levels of riboflavin production and volumetric productivity, reaching 16.68 mg/L and 0.713 mg/L·h, respectively, within 21 h of incubation. These findings suggest that H. wangnamkhiaoensis, with its shorter incubation time, could improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of industrial riboflavin production, paving the way for more sustainable production methods.

Asunto(s)

Medios de Cultivo , Riboflavina , Riboflavina/biosíntesis , Riboflavina/metabolismo , Medios de Cultivo/química , Cinética , Reactores Biológicos , Fermentación , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Saccharomycetales/metabolismo , Saccharomycetales/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

OBJETIVES: To evaluate the impact of cholecalciferol (D3) supplementation using clinical and paraclinical variables in patients with RA and vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included patients from 5 to 40 years with a diagnosis of RA and vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. They were supplemented for 8 weeks with 4000 or 5000 IU, depending on age. Total nasal symptoms score (TNSS) was measured monthly and 25(OH)D3 levels at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients were included, with a mean age of 18.19 years. In the active group, there was a significant improvement in symptomatology with respect to the TNSS score and an increase in serum vitamin D levels (p < 0.01). There were no adverse reactions with cholecalciferol or placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementing patients with vitamin D3, at the evaluated dose, together with conventional treatent for allergic rhinitis results in symptoms and quality of life improvement in patients with this disease.

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OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el impacto de la suplementación con colecalciferol (D3) mediante variables clínicas y paraclínicas en pacientes con RA e insuficiencia y deficiencia de vitamina D. MÉTODOS: Estudio aleatorio, doble ciego, placebo controlado, en el que se incluyeron pacientes de 5 a 40 años, con diagnóstico de RA e insuficiencia y deficiencia de vitamina D. Fueron suplementados con 4000 o 5000 UI, dependiendo de la edad, durante 8 semanas. Mensualmente se midió la puntuación total síntomas nasales (TNSS) y las concentraciones de 25(OH)D3 al inicio y al final del estudio. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 31 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 18.19 años. En el grupo activo existió una mejoría significativa en la sintomatología respecto a la puntación de TNSS y un incremento en los niveles séricos de vitamina D (p < 0.01). No se presentaron reacciones adversas con la ingesta de colecalciferol o placebo. CONCLUSIONES: Suplementar a los pacientes con vitamina D3, a la dosis evaluada, junto con el tratamiento convencional para la rinitis alergica resulta en una mejoría sintomática y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con esta enfermedad.

Asunto(s)

Colecalciferol , Suplementos Dietéticos , Rinitis Alérgica , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Humanos , Método Doble Ciego , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , México , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Colecalciferol/uso terapéutico , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Niño , Rinitis Alérgica/tratamiento farmacológico , Preescolar , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Vitamina D/sangre

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a single oral dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin D3 on antiphospholipid antibodies in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. METHODS: This is a post-hoc, exploratory analysis from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial performed in two centers in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 (n = 97) or placebo (n = 97). In this post-hoc analysis, the endpoints were titers and frequency of anti-ß2-Glycoprotein-I (aß2-GP) and Anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies [Immunoglobulin G, M and A (IgG, IgM and IgA)]. RESULTS: Overall mean (SD) age was 55.3 (13.9) years, Body Mass Index (BMI) was 32.2 (7.1 kg/m2), and 106 participants (54.6 %) were male. There was a significant group by time interaction (p = 0.046) for frequency of aCL IgG, with increased values from baseline to discharge in the placebo group [n (%), from 13 (13.4) to 25 (25.8)] compared to the vitamin D3 [from 25 (25.8) to 29 (29.9)]. However, the frequency of aCL IgG did not change between the groups on discharge. No significant differences between vitamin D3 and placebo groups were found for any other autoantibodies. CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the use of a single oral dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin D3 to modulate autoantibodies in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.

Asunto(s)

Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos , COVID-19 , Colecalciferol , Humanos , Masculino , Colecalciferol/uso terapéutico , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Doble Ciego , COVID-19/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos/sangre , Anciano , Adulto , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Anticardiolipina/sangre , Brasil , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , beta 2 Glicoproteína I/inmunología , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

There is no safe and effective prevention for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) mellitus, which makes it highly dependent on its treatment. This systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigated the overall effects of dietary supplements of vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and non-essential compounds with antioxidant properties, fatty acids, and amino acids in IDDM. Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, The Grey Literature Report, and ClinicaTrials.gov, and citations from previous reviews were used to identify reports published through July 2023. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool was used to analyze the risk of bias and GRADE was used to assess the quality of the results. Fifty-eight studies (n=3,044) were included in qualitative analyses and seventeen (n=723) in meta-analyses. Qualitative analyses showed few positive effects on some metabolic function markers, such as endothelial and renal function and lipid profile. Meta-analyses showed a positive effect of omega-3 on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (RMD=-0.33; 95%CI: -0.53, -0.12, P=0.002; I2=0%; GRADE: low quality; 4 studies) and of vitamin D on fasting C-peptide (FCP) (RMD=0.05; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.9, P=0.023; I2=0%; GRADE: very low quality; 4 studies). Most studies showed bias concern or high risk of bias. A recommendation for dietary supplementation in IDDM cannot be made because of the few positive results within different interventions and markers, the serious risk of bias in the included studies, and the low quality of evidence from meta-analyses. The positive result of vitamin D on FCP is preliminary, requiring further investigation.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The new corona virus infection, has a wide range of clinical manifestations. Fever and cough are the most common symptoms. The olfactory function may be also affected with COVID-19. In this randomized clinical trial, we wanted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of olfactory training with and without oral vitamin A for COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. METHODS: Patients answered to the standard Persian version of anosmia reporting tool and performed the quick smell test before and after 12 weeks and at the end of the 12 months follow up. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups; Group A treatment with olfactory training, Group B treatment with oral vitamin A and olfactory training, and Group C as control group which only underwent nasal irrigation twice a day. Patients were treated for 3 months and followed up for 12 months. RESULTS: Totally 90 patients were included in three groups. After interventions, 76.9% of patients in Group A, 86.7% of patients in Group B, and 26.7% of patients in Group C completely improved. The average intervention time was statistically significant in relationship with the final olfactory status of the patients in the 12 months follow-up. The olfactory training has significantly improved the smell alteration at the end of 3- and 12- months follow-up in A and B groups. CONCLUSION: A three-months olfactory training is effective for improvement of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Adding daily oral vitamin A to olfactory training did not lead to better results in improving olfactory dysfunction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Step 2 (Level 2*): Randomized trial.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Trastornos del Olfato , Vitamina A , Humanos , Vitamina A/uso terapéutico , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación , COVID-19/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Método Doble Ciego , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Trastornos del Olfato/tratamiento farmacológico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Entrenamiento Olfativo

RESUMEN

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Nellore (Bos indicus) cows with ß-carotene + vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on body condition score (BCS), oestrus, pregnancy, and foetal morphometry. Lactating cows (n = 497) from two herds were balanced for BCS and calving period [early calving (EC); late calving (LC)] and were assigned randomly to: Control (n = 251)-supplementation with a mineral supplement; and SUP (n = 246)-supplementation with the mineral supplement fed to control + ß-carotene (150 mg/day) + vitamin A (40,000 IU/day) + vitamin D3 (5000 IU/day) + vitamin E (300 mg/day) + biotin (20 mg/day). Cows were supplemented from Days -30 to 30 (Day 0 = timed artificial insemination; TAI). Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after TAI and foetal crown-rump distance and thoracic diameter were measured at 30 and 77 days of gestation. Cows in the SUP treatment were more likely to have BCS ≥3.0 on Day 0 (63.0 ± 3.1 vs. 60.2 ± 3.1; p < .01) and were more likely to gain BCS from Days -30 to 30 (57.7 ± 3.3 vs. 44.1 ± 3.3%; p < .01). Fewer LC cows in the SUP treatment were detected in oestrus at the time of the first TAI (Control: LC: 75.4 ± 4.4 vs. SUP: LC: 64.0 ± 5.2 vs. Control: EC: 65.3 ± 4.0 vs. SUP: EC: 71.8 ± 3.7; p = .04). There was a tendency for the SUP treatment to increase pregnancy to the first TAI (64.2 ± 3.0 vs. 56.6 ± 3.1%; p = .08). A greater percentage of SUP cows was detected in oestrus at the time of the second TAI (70.1 ± 5.0 vs. 52.3 ± 4.8%; p = .01). The SUP treatment increased pregnancy to the second TAI among LC cows (SUP: LC: 75.9 ± 8.0% vs. Control: LC: 50.0 ± 8.3% vs. Control: EC: 52.0 ± 5.9% vs. SUP: EC: 41.4 ± 6.5%; p = .02). The SUP treatment increased foetal size (crown-rump; p = .04 and thoracic diameter; p < .01) at 30 days of gestation and, despite decreasing crow-rump length at 77 days after the first TAI among EC cows (p < .01), it increased the thoracic diameter at 77 days after the first TAI independent of calving season. Our results support that pregnancy establishment and foetal growth can be improved when grazing Nellore cows are supplemented with ß-carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin.

Asunto(s)

Biotina , Suplementos Dietéticos , Estro , Vitamina A , Vitamina E , beta Caroteno , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Embarazo , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación , Vitamina A/farmacología , beta Caroteno/administración & dosificación , beta Caroteno/farmacología , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/farmacología , Estro/efectos de los fármacos , Biotina/administración & dosificación , Biotina/farmacología , Colecalciferol/farmacología , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta/veterinaria , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/farmacología , Alimentación Animal , Lactancia , Feto/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Studies indicate that ultra-processed food (UP) consumption correlates negatively with essential vitamin and mineral intake and positively with sodium and lipid intake. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between UP consumption and deviations from nutritional guidelines. An observational, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on a probability sample of manufacturing workers in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Food consumption was assessed with a 24 h recall survey, and nutrient intake inadequacies were calculated as the difference between individuals' intake of energy, macronutrients, minerals and vitamins, and the dietary reference intakes for individuals of the same sex and age group, and then analyzed for trends across the percentage contribution of UP to total energy intake with nonparametric multiple regression adjusted for covariates. The study included 921 workers from 33 industries, 55.9% male, with a mean age of 32 years. Overall, the study population exhibited deficits in energy, all macronutrients, and in some micronutrients. With increasing UP contribution to total energy intake, there is a trend towards a greater intake of energy (p < 0.001), total, saturated, monounsaturated, and trans fats (p < 0.001), n6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.03), carbohydrates (p < 0.001), calcium (p = 0.008), and manganese (p < 0.001), thiamin (p < 0.001), and vitamin B6 (p = 0.01); however, this comes with a negative consequence in terms of reducing the protein consumption (p = 0.037), fiber (p = 0.035), copper (p = 0.033), and vitamin E (p = 0.002) intake. The results show that correcting energy and micronutrient deficiencies by increasing UP consumption can also lead to a decrease in diet quality.

Asunto(s)

Minerales , Nutrientes , Vitaminas , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Minerales/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Brasil , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Comida Rápida/estadística & datos numéricos , Ingestión de Energía , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Alimentos Procesados

RESUMEN

Objective: To identify the impact of redox imbalance on the clinical evolution of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and carry out a qualitative and quantitative projection of the benefits of vitamin D supplementation. Data sources: Combinations of the keywords polycystic ovary syndrome, vitamin D, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant, and free radicals were used in PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The last search was conducted on August 22, 2023.Selection of studies: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were selected considering a low risk of bias, published in the last 5 years in English, which investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, focusing on oxidative stress markers. Of the 136 articles retrieved, 6 intervention studies (445 women) were included. Data collection: The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using the Jadad scale, and analysis and visualization of continuous data were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1, summarized as standardized mean differences (SMD) with confidence intervals (CI) of 95%. Data synthesis: Vitamin D effectively reduced malondialdehyde (P=0.002) and total testosterone (P=0.0004) levels and increased total antioxidant capacity levels (P=0.01). Although possible improvements in the modified Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, and free androgen index were identified and the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Vitamin D is a promising alternative for the treatment of PCOS with a positive influence on the oxidative, metabolic, and endocrine disorders of this syndrome.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores , Estrés Oxidativo , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Vitamina D , Femenino , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Irán , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/metabolismo , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

Insulin resistance is caused by the abnormal secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue, which is induced by an increase in lipid accumulation in adipocytes, hepatocytes, and myocytes. The inflammatory pathway involves multiple targets such as nuclear factor kappa B, inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Vitamins are micronutrients with anti-inflammatory activities that have unclear mechanisms. The present study aimed to describe the putative mechanisms of vitamins involved in the inflammatory pathway of insulin resistance. The strategy to achieve this goal was to integrate data mining and analysis, target prediction, and molecular docking simulation calculations to support our hypotheses. Our results suggest that the multitarget activity of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B12, C, D3, and E inhibits nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase, in addition to vitamins A and B12 against inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase. The findings of this study highlight the pharmacological potential of using an anti-inflammatory and multitarget treatment based on vitamins and open new perspectives to evaluate the inhibitory activity of vitamins against nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase in an insulin-resistant context.

Asunto(s)

Resistencia a la Insulina , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , FN-kappa B , Vitaminas , Humanos , Vitaminas/farmacología , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of particular patient groups to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including those with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and intestinal dysbiosis. COVID-19 affects the gut, suggesting diet and vitamin D3 supplementation may affect disease progression. AIMS: To evaluate levels of Ang II and Ang-(1-7), cytokine profile, and gut microbiota status in patients hospitalized for mild COVID-19 with a history of cardiovascular disease and treated with daily doses of vitamin D3. METHODS: We recruited 50 adult patients. We screened 50 adult patients and accessed pathophysiology study 22, randomized to daily oral doses of 10,000IU vitamin D3 (n=11) or placebo (n=11). Plasma levels of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) were determined by radioimmunoassay, TMA and TMAO were measured by liquid chromatography and interleukins (ILs) 6, 8, 10 and TNF-α by ELISA. RESULTS: The Ang-(1-7)/Ang II ratio, as an indirect measure of ACE2 enzymatic activity, increased in the vitamin D3 group (24±5pg/mL vs. 4.66±2pg/mL, p<0.01). Also, in the vitamin D3-treated, there was a significant decline in inflammatory ILs and an increase in protective markers, such as a substantial reduction in TMAO (5±2µmoles/dL vs. 60±10µmoles/dL, p<0.01). In addition, treated patients experienced less severity of infection, required less intensive care, had fewer days of hospitalization, and a reduced mortality rate. Additionally, improvements in markers of cardiovascular function were seen in the vitamin D3 group, including a tendency for reductions in blood pressure in hypertensive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D3 supplementation in patients with COVID-19 and specific conditions is associated with a more favourable prognosis, suggesting therapeutic potential in patients with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and gut dysbiosis.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Colecalciferol , Suplementos Dietéticos , Disbiosis , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Humanos , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , COVID-19/complicaciones , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Anciano , Angiotensina I/sangre , Angiotensina II/sangre , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Metilaminas/sangre , Citocinas/sangre , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2 , Método Doble Ciego

RESUMEN

Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged non-healing, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Oral formulas may enhance the wound healing process and contribute to cost reduction in care. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of oral nutritional supplementation on chronic wound healing and provide insights into formula characteristics. A comprehensive search across Cinahl, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases yielded nine studies from the past decade involving 741 patients ages 52 to 81.7 across various care settings: hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home care. Primary wound types included pressure injuries (58%), diabetic foot ulcers (40%), and venous ulcers (2%). The intervention duration ranged from 2 to 16 wk, with sample sizes varying from 24 to 270 patients. Notably, four studies reported a reduction in wound area and an increased healing rate with a hypercaloric, hyperproteic formula enriched with zinc and vitamins A, C, and E. However, two studies found no significant differences compared with control groups. Two other studies investigated a combination of arginine, glutamine, and ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate; however, they did not yield significant results, and one study favored a hyperproteic formula instead of a hyperproteic formula with arginine. This review provides evidence supporting the potential of oral nutritional supplementation to enhance the healing process of chronic wounds. Based on our findings, a desirable formula should be characterized by a high calorie and protein content and the inclusion of antioxidant micronutrients, including, but not limited to, vitamins A, E, C, and zinc.

Asunto(s)

Suplementos Dietéticos , Úlcera por Presión , Cicatrización de Heridas , Humanos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad Crónica , Pie Diabético/terapia , Zinc/administración & dosificación , Úlcera Varicosa/dietoterapia , Úlcera Varicosa/terapia , Anciano , Arginina/administración & dosificación , Arginina/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Valeratos/administración & dosificación , Valeratos/farmacología , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación , Glutamina/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Femenino , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Administración Oral

RESUMEN

Over the past few decades, there has been extensive research on the use of vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. In vitro studies have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms by which vitamin D activates the immune response to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These encouraging findings have spurred clinical investigations globally to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D as a preventive measure and as an adjunctive treatment for tuberculosis. However, the results from these clinical studies have been contradictory, with some demonstrating clear efficacy while others report only modest or no activity. In this review, we aim to analyze the clinical studies on vitamin D and examine the possible discrepancies observed in their outcomes.

Asunto(s)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis , Vitamina D , Humanos , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Tuberculosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Animales , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Antituberculosos/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

The rearing of calves is an essential activity of a dairy system, as it impacts the future production of these animals. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of diarrhea, performance, and blood parameters of suckling calves that received mineral-vitamin supplementation in milk plus virginiamycin that was offered in milk (via the abomasum) or by esophageal tube (via the rumen). Twenty-seven calves were used, from the first week to 60 days of age, submitted to the following treatments: CONTROL, without supplementation; MILK, supplementation of 20 g of a mineral-vitamin complex with 100 mg of virginiamycin, diluted in milk; RUMEN, supplementation of 20 g of a mineral-vitamin complex diluted in milk and 100 mg of virginiamycin in gelatin capsules via an esophageal applicator. MILK and RUMEN calves had lower fecal consistency scoring, fewer days with scores 2 and 3 throughout the experimental period, and lower spending on medication compared to the CONTROL animals. Supplemented calves had higher fat and protein intake and reached feed intake of 600 g earlier than CONTROL animals, but did not differ in performance and hematological parameters. Supplementation with virginiamycin and vitamin-mineral complex for suckling calves reduced the incidence and days of diarrhea, and reduced medication costs, with no difference in performance, but the supplemented animals had higher initial protein and fat intake and reached targeted feed intake earlier to begin the weaning process.

Asunto(s)

Alimentación Animal , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Diarrea , Suplementos Dietéticos , Virginiamicina , Animales , Bovinos , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Diarrea/veterinaria , Diarrea/prevención & control , Diarrea/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Incidencia , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Virginiamicina/administración & dosificación , Virginiamicina/farmacología , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Animales Lactantes , Masculino , Femenino , Minerales/administración & dosificación , Minerales/análisis , Leche/química , Dieta/veterinaria

RESUMEN

Vitamins are responsible for providing biological properties to the human body; however, their instability under certain environmental conditions limits their utilization in the food industry. The objective was to conduct a systematic review on the use of biopolymers and lipid bases in microencapsulation processes, assessing their impact on the stability, controlled release, and viability of fortified foods with microencapsulated vitamins. The literature search was conducted between the years 2013-2023, gathering information from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and publishers including Taylor & Francis, Elsevier, Springer and MDPI; a total of 49 articles were compiled The results were classified according to the microencapsulation method, considering the following information: core, coating material, solvent, formulation, process conditions, particle size, efficiency, yield, bioavailability, bioaccessibility, in vitro release, correlation coefficient and references. It has been evidenced that gums are the most frequently employed coatings in the protection of vitamins (14.04%), followed by alginate (10.53%), modified chitosan (9.65%), whey protein (8.77%), lipid bases (8.77%), chitosan (7.89%), modified starch (7.89%), starch (7.02%), gelatin (6.14%), maltodextrin (5.26%), zein (3.51%), pectin (2.63%) and other materials (7.89%). The factors influencing the release of vitamins include pH, modification of the coating material and crosslinking agents; additionally, it was determined that the most fitting mathematical model for release values is Weibull, followed by Zero Order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas; finally, foods commonly fortified with microencapsulated vitamins were described, with yogurt, bakery products and gummy candies being notable examples.

Asunto(s)

Composición de Medicamentos , Alimentos Fortificados , Vitaminas , Vitaminas/análisis , Quitosano/química , Disponibilidad Biológica , Humanos , Biopolímeros/química , Alginatos/química , Proteína de Suero de Leche/química

RESUMEN

This study aimed to characterise the market-driven fortification of vitamins and minerals in packaged foods targeted at children in Brazil. We analysed 535 food labels using data collected in a census-type method (n = 5620) of food labels in a Brazilian supermarket in 2013. Micronutrients declared in nutrition claims and the ingredients list (synthetic compounds) were considered to be added for commercial purposes. Analysis of the ingredients list and nutrition claims showed that market-driven fortification of vitamins and minerals was present in 27.1% of foods. The main vitamins and minerals were vitamins A, B complex, C, D, calcium, iron and zinc. The food groups 'Milk and dairy products' and 'Sugars, sugary foods and snacks' had the highest frequencies of micronutrients declared in the ingredients list. Calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc and all vitamins, except B7, were found to be added for commercial purposes. Micronutrients were found to be commonly added to packaged foods as a marketing strategy directed at parents and their children. Future studies should assess the amount of vitamins and minerals added to packaged foods targeted at children and whether intakes of vitamins and minerals in children are potentially excessive.

Asunto(s)

Etiquetado de Alimentos , Alimentos Fortificados , Micronutrientes , Minerales , Vitaminas , Humanos , Brasil , Alimentos Fortificados/análisis , Minerales/administración & dosificación , Minerales/análisis , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/análisis , Niño , Micronutrientes/análisis , Micronutrientes/administración & dosificación , Valor Nutritivo , Embalaje de Alimentos , Supermercados , Productos Lácteos/análisis , Mercadotecnía

RESUMEN

Fat mass and obesity-related (FTO) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interferes with food preferences that impact macronutrient intake. Few studies have investigated the relationship of this polymorphisms with the intake of micronutrients. Moreover, studies have shown multiple micronutrient deficiencies in patients with obesity. This work evaluated the effect of the FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism on dietary nutritional quality and food intake of macronutrients and vitamins in of women with obesity candidates for metabolic surgery. The study included 106 women (24 to 60 years old) with BMIs of 36.1 to 64.8 kg/m2. A food frequency questionnaire validated for the local population was applied to obtain information about food intake. The Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) was used to assess the adequacy of macronutrient and vitamin intake. Energy, protein and lipid intakes were higher in carriers of the A allele compared to TT in the younger age groups but were similar in the class of subjects aged ≥45 years. The INQ for protein was higher in carriers of the A allele than in carriers of the TT allele. The INQs for protein, carbohydrate, vitamins B2, B3 and B6 decreased, whereas the INQ for vitamin C increased with advancing age. The INQ for vitamin A was lower in AA than in TT, regardless of age, whereas vitamin E was higher in younger AA than in older AA. The INQ for vitamin B9 was higher in younger women than in older women. In conclusion, the FTO gene contributed to the intake of more energy, protein and lipids and interfered with the intake of vitamins B9, A and E. With the exception of vitamin A, the effect of the genotype was attenuated with ageing.

Asunto(s)

Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato , Nutrientes , Obesidad Mórbida , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Vitaminas , Humanos , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Obesidad Mórbida/genética , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Nutrientes/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Energía , Adulto Joven , Alelos , Estado Nutricional/genética , Factores de Edad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have been inconsistent in demonstrating beneficial cardiovascular effects of vitamin D supplementation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on central hemodynamic parameters and autonomic activity in obese/overweight individuals with low vitamin D levels (<30ng/dl). METHODS: Adults 40-65 years old with body mass index ≥25<40 kg/m2 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial (NCT05689632). Central hemodynamics was assessed using the oscillometric method (Mobil-O-Graph®), and heart rate variability using a Polar heart rate monitor (Kubios® software). Patients (n=53) received a placebo in the control group (CO, n=25) or vitamin D3 (VD, n=28) 7000 IU/day, and were evaluated before (W0) and after 8 weeks (W8) with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous regarding age (51±6 vs 52±6 years, p=0.509) and vitamin D levels (22.8±4.9 vs 21.7±4.5ng/ml, p=0.590). At W8, the VD group had significantly higher levels of vitamin D (22.5 vs 35.6ng/ml, p<0.001). Only the VD group showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP; 123±15 vs 119±14mmHg, p=0.019) and alkaline phosphatase (213±55 vs 202±55mg/dl, p=0.012). The CO group showed an increase in augmentation pressure (AP: 9 vs 12 mmHg, p=0.028) and augmentation index (AIx: 26 vs 35%, p=0.020), which was not observed in the VD group (AP: 8 vs 8 mmHg, AIx: 26 vs 25%, p>0.05). VD group showed an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system index (PNSi) (-0.64±0.94 vs -0.16±1.10, p=0.028) and the R-R interval (866±138 vs 924±161 ms, p= 0.026). CONCLUSION: In this sample, eight weeks of daily vitamin D supplementation resulted in an improvement in blood pressure levels and autonomic balance.

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FUNDAMENTO: Estudos prévios têm sido inconsistentes em demonstrar efeitos cardiovasculares benéficos da suplementação de vitamina D. OBJETIVO: Avaliar efeitos da suplementação de vitamina D3 sobre parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais e atividade autonômica em indivíduos obesos/sobrepeso e baixos níveis de vitamina D (<30ng/dl). MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego (NCT05689632), adultos 40-65 anos com índice de massa corporal ≥25<40 kg/m2. Hemodinâmica central avaliada por método oscilométrico (Mobil-O-Graph®), variabilidade da frequência cardíaca utilizando frequencímetro Polar (software Kubios®). Os pacientes (n=53) receberam placebo no grupo controle (CO, n=25) ou vitamina D3 (VD, n=28) 7000 UI/dia, avaliados antes (S0) e após 8 semanas (S8) com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos na idade (51±6 vs. 52±6 anos, p=0,509) e níveis de vitamina D (22,8±4,9 vs. 21,7±4,5ng/ml, p=0,590). Na S8, o grupo VD apresentou níveis significativamente maiores de vitamina D (22,5 vs. 35,6ng/ml, p<0,001). Apenas o grupo VD mostrou redução significativa da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS; 123±15 vs. 119±14mmHg, p=0,019) e fosfatase alcalina (213±55 vs. 202±55mg/dl, p=0,012). O grupo CO mostrou elevação da pressão de aumento (AP: 9 vs. 12mmHg, p=0,028) e do índice de incremento (Aix: 26 vs. 35%, p=0,020), o que não foi observado no grupo VD (AP: 8 vs. 8mmHg, Aix: 26 vs. 25%, p>0,05). Grupo VD apresentou aumento no índice do sistema nervoso (iSN) parassimpático (-0,64±0,94 vs. -0,16±1,10, p=0,028) e no intervalo R-R (866±138 vs. 924±161ms, p=0,026). CONCLUSÃO: Nesta amostra, a suplementação diária de vitamina D durante oito semanas resultou em melhora dos níveis pressóricos, parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais e do equilíbrio autonômico.

Asunto(s)

Sistema Nervioso Autónomo , Colecalciferol , Suplementos Dietéticos , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Hemodinámica , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Vitamina D , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Método Doble Ciego , Adulto , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Prospectivos , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Anciano , Colecalciferol/administración & dosificación , Sobrepeso/fisiopatología , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Vitamina D/sangre , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/fisiopatología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Índice de Masa Corporal , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo , Valores de Referencia , Estadísticas no Paramétricas

RESUMEN

The worldwide market for vegetable and fruit juices stands as a thriving sector with projected revenues reaching to $81.4 billion by 2024 and an anticipated annual growth rate of 5.27% until 2028. Juices offer a convenient means of consuming bioactive compounds and essential nutrients crucial for human health. However, conventional thermal treatments employed in the juice and beverage industry to inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, as well as endogenous enzymes, can lead to the degradation of bioactive compounds and vitamins. In response, non-thermal technologies have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional heat processing, with pulsed electric field (PEF) technology standing out as an innovative and sustainable choice. In this context, this comprehensive review investigated the impact of PEF on the microbiological, physicochemical, functional, nutritional, and sensory qualities of vegetable and fruit juices. PEF induces electroporation phenomena in cell membranes, resulting in reversible or irreversible changes. Consequently, a detailed examination of the effects of PEF process variables on juice properties is essential. Monitoring factors such as electric field strength, frequency, pulse width, total treatment time, and specific energy is important to ensure the production of a safe and chemically/kinetically stable product. PEF technology proves effective in microbial and enzymatic inactivation within vegetable and fruit juices, mitigating factors contributing to deterioration while maintaining the physicochemical characteristics of these products. Furthermore, PEF treatment does not compromise the content of substances with functional, nutritional, and sensory properties, such as phenolic compounds and vitamins. When compared to alternative processing methods, such as mild thermal treatments and other non-thermal technologies, PEF treatment consistently demonstrates comparable outcomes in terms of physicochemical attributes, functional properties, nutritional quality, and overall safety.

Asunto(s)

Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Verduras , Humanos , Vitaminas , Vitamina A , Vitamina K , Tecnología

RESUMEN

To evaluate association of vitamin D with sleep quality in adults and the influence of VDR-gene polymorphism FokI (rs2228570;A > G). Cross-sectional population-based study in adults, conducted in Brazil. The outcome was sleep-quality, evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Vitamin D was determined by indirect electrochemiluminescence and classified as deficiency (VDD), 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL in a healthy population or 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. FokI polymorphism in the VDR-gene was genotyped by qPCR and classified as homozygous wild (FF or AA), heterozygous (Ff or AG), or homozygous mutant (ff or GG). Multivariate logistic analysis was used to estimate the association between vitamin D and FokI polymorphism with sleep-quality. In a total of 1674 individuals evaluated, 53.6% had poor-sleep-quality, 31.5% had VDD, and the genotype frequency of the FokI polymorphism was 9.9% FF, 44.6% Ff, and 45.5% ff. In multivariate analysis, individuals with VDD had 1.51 times the chance of poor-sleep-quality, and individuals with the ff genotype had 1.49 times the chance of poor-sleep-quality (OR:1.49;95%CI:1.05-2.12) when compared to individuals with the FF or Ff genotype. In the combined analysis, individuals with VDD and ff genotype had more chance of poor-sleep-quality than individuals with sufficient vitamin D and genotype Ff or FF (OR:2.19;95%CI:1.27-3.76). Our data suggest that VDD and VDR FokI gene polymorphism are associated with poor-sleep-quality, and combining the two factors increases the chance of poor-sleep-quality compared to separate groups.

Asunto(s)

Calidad del Sueño , Vitamina D , Adulto , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Receptores de Calcitriol/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Vitaminas , Genotipo , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad

RESUMEN

Assessing dietary inadequacies can contribute to understanding the nutritional vulnerabilities of a country. This study aimed to investigate nutrient intakes and micronutrient inadequacies in the Brazilian adult population, with an interest in different age subgroups. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1812 individuals aged 19 to 65 years from a population-based study with a representative sample of Brazilian adults. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24 h food recalls, and the probabilities of inadequate intake were estimated using the Dietary Reference Intake targets. Adequate macronutrient intake was over 99% for proteins, 84.7% for carbohydrates, and 80.7% for total fats. There was a high probability of inadequacy (above 90%) for vitamins D and E, but vitamin D inadequacy was very similar between the sexes. In contrast, vitamin E was more likely to be inadequately consumed among women. A high probability of inadequacies (above 85%) of calcium and magnesium were found in the population, regardless of age group. Except for iron, the probability of an inadequacy of other minerals increased with age. The results showed a relevant proportion of nutrient inadequacies, with those most at risk being women and older individuals, helping with the better targeting and monitoring of public-health policies that address nutritional problems in the population.

Asunto(s)

Dieta , Ingestión de Energía , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Brasil , Necesidades Nutricionales , Vitaminas , Micronutrientes