RESUMEN

Drug-resistant epilepsy presents significant challenges in treating epileptic patients, leading to recurrent seizures and necessitating the use of polypharmacy with anti-epileptic drugs. Both of these conditions contribute to increased oxidative stress, which is detrimental to the brain. The aim of this study was to determine the role of vitamins C and E in reducing oxidative stress and seizure frequency in drug-resistant epileptic patients. This was a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial with a placebo, parallel design, and block randomization. The subjects were drug-resistant epileptic patients aged 1-18 years who received routine treatment. Randomization was performed on 100 patients who were divided into the treatment or placebo groups. The patients received a combination of vitamin C (100 mg/day) and vitamin E (200 IU/day for those <5 years or 400 IU/day for those ≥5 years) or a placebo for eight weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and seizure frequency were measured prior to and after the intervention. A total of 42 and 46 patients were followed till the end of the study in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively. Our data indicated that the MDA levels prior to treatment were not significantly different between the treatment and placebo groups (0.901 vs 0.890 mmol/mL, p=0.920) and were significantly reduced after the treatment in both the treatment group (p<0.001) and placebo group (p=0.028). The changes in MDA levels (between post- and pre-treatment) were also not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.181). Our per-protocol analysis indicated that the reduction in seizure frequency was significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the placebo group (95% vs 35%, p<0.001), with 92% and 60% relative and absolute risk reduction, respectively. The intention-to-treat analysis also indicated that the reduction in seizure frequency was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (80% vs 32%, p<0.001), with relative and absolute risk reduction of 70% and 48%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between changes in MDA levels and seizure frequency in either group. In conclusion, vitamins C and E could reduce seizure frequency and, therefore, could be considered as adjuvant therapy in drug-resistant epileptic patients.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Ácido Ascórbico , Epilepsia Refractaria , Estrés Oxidativo , Vitamina E , Humanos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Femenino , Método Doble Ciego , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Epilepsia Refractaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Adolescente , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/farmacología , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Niño , Preescolar , Malondialdehído , Lactante , Convulsiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Anticonvulsivantes/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

Hypertrophic scarring is an aberrant wound-healing response to reestablish dermal integrity after an injury and can cause significant abnormalities in physical, aesthetic, functional, and psychological symptoms, impacting the patient's quality of life. There is currently no gold standard for preventing and treating hypertrophic scars. Therefore, many researchers have attempted to search for antihypertrophic scar agents with greater efficacy and fewer side effects. Natural therapeutics are becoming attractive as potential alternative anti-scarring agents because of their high efficacy, safety, biocompatibility, low cost, and easy accessibility. This review demonstrates various kinds of natural product-based therapeutics, including onion, vitamin E, Gotu kola, green tea, resveratrol, emodin, curcumin, and others, in terms of their mechanisms of action, evidence of efficacy and safety, advantages, and disadvantages when used as anti-scarring agents. We reviewed the literature based on data from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. A total of 23 clinical trials were identified in this review; most clinical trials were ranked as having uncertain results (level of evidence 2b; n = 16). Although these natural products showed beneficial effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies of potential anti-scarring agents, there was limited clinical evidence to support their efficacy due to the limited quality of the studies, with individual flaws including small sample sizes, poor randomization, and blinding, and short follow-up durations. More robust and well-designed clinical trials with large-scale and prolonged follow-up durations are required to clarify the benefits and risks of these agents.

Asunto(s)

Productos Biológicos , Cicatriz Hipertrófica , Humanos , Cicatriz Hipertrófica/tratamiento farmacológico , Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Curcumina/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Cebollas , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a growing concern, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant consequence. Currently, there are no approved drugs to treat NAFLD in children. However, a recent study explored the potential of vitamin E enriched with tocotrienol (TRF) as a powerful antioxidant for NAFLD. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effectiveness and safety of TRF in managing children with obesity and NAFLD. METHODS: A total of 29 patients aged 10 to 18 received a daily oral dose of 50 mg TRF for six months (January 2020 to February 2022), and all had fatty liver disease were detected by ultrasonography and abnormally high alanine transaminase levels (at least two-fold higher than the upper limits for their respective genders). Various parameters, including biochemical markers, FibroScan, LiverFASt, DNA damage, and cytokine expression, were monitored. RESULTS: APO-A1 and AST levels decreased significantly from 1.39 ± 0.3 to 1.22 ± 0.2 g/L (P = 0.002) and from 30 ± 12 to 22 ± 10 g/L (P = 0.038), respectively, in the TRF group post-intervention. Hepatic steatosis was significantly reduced in the placebo group from 309.38 ± 53.60 db/m to 277.62 ± 39.55 db/m (p = 0.048), but not in the TRF group. Comet assay analysis showed a significant reduction in the DNA damage parameters in the TRF group in the post-intervention period compared to the baseline, with tail length decreasing from 28.34 ± 10.9 to 21.69 ± 9.84; (p = 0.049) and with tail DNA (%) decreasing from 54.13 ± 22.1to 46.23 ± 17.9; (p = 0.043). Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels were significantly lower in the TRF group compared to baseline levels for IL-6 (2.10 6.3 to 0.7 1.0 pg/mL; p = 0.047 pg/mL) and TNF-1 (1.73 5.5 pg/mL to 0.7 0.5 pg/mL; p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that TRF supplementation may offer a risk-free treatment option for children with obesity and NAFLD. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of TRF offer a promising adjuvant therapy for NAFLD treatment. In combination with lifestyle modifications such as exercise and calorie restriction, TRF could play an essential role in the prevention of NAFLD in the future. However, further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of TRF supplementation on NAFLD in children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study has been registered with the International Clinical Trial Registry under reference number (NCT05905185) retrospective registration on (15/06/2023).

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Obesidad Infantil , Tocotrienoles , Humanos , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Obesidad Infantil/complicaciones , Obesidad Infantil/tratamiento farmacológico , Tocotrienoles/uso terapéutico , Método Simple Ciego , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

AIMS: We conducted a clinical trial to determine the efficacy of the combination of vitamin E and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) versus placebo in reducing liver fat content after 6 months of intervention in adults with MASLD. METHODS: Adults with MASLD were randomised to one of four treatment arms (vitamin E 1000 mg/daily + DHA 1.89 g/daily or combination arm, vitamin E 1000 mg alone, DHA 1.89 g alone or placebo) following a 2:1:1:2 randomisation. The primary objective was to determine the efficacy of DHA + vitamin E versus placebo in reducing hepatic fat fraction (%) relative to baseline after 6 months of intervention. Secondary objectives were to determine the effect of vitamin E or DHA alone versus placebo on reducing liver fat at 6 months. RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 203 subjects with a mean age of 51 years, 53% female, 91% White, 59% Hispanic ethnicity. The combination of vitamin E + DHA had no effect on the primary endpoint of reducing hepatic steatosis as determined by MRI-PDFF (p = 0.98). Neither vitamin E alone (p = 0.91) nor DHA alone (p = 0.14) significantly reduced hepatic steatosis compared to placebo. However, the trial was not powered adequately for this analysis. Compared with placebo, no statistically significant differences were detected in the 3-month or 6-month levels for ALT (U/L) or AST (U/L) in all three intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of DHA + vitamin E or either agent alone did not demonstrate efficacy on reducing liver fat or aminotransferases in the studied population.

Asunto(s)

Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos , Hígado Graso , Vitamina E , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Doble Ciego , Adulto , Hígado Graso/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Anciano , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation as an addition to a commercial renal diet on survival time of cats with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, we were interested whether vitamin E supplementation affects selected oxidative stress and clinical parameters. Thirty-four cats with CKD and 38 healthy cats were included in the study. Cats with CKD were classified according to the IRIS Guidelines; seven in IRIS stage 1, 15 in IRIS stage 2, five in IRIS stage 3 and seven in IRIS stage 4. Cats with CKD were treated according to IRIS Guidelines. Cats with CKD were randomly assigned to receive vitamin E (100 IU/cat/day) or placebo (mineral oil) for 24 weeks in addition to standard therapy. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations, DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes and plasma vitamin E concentrations were measured at baseline and four, eight, 16 and 24 weeks thereafter. Routine laboratory analyses and assessment of clinical signs were performed at each visit. RESULTS: Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on the survival time and did not reduce the severity of clinical signs. Before vitamin E supplementation, no significant differences in vitamin E, MDA and PC concentrations were found between healthy and CKD cats. However, plasma MDA concentration was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.043) in cats with early CKD (IRIS stages 1 and 2) than in cats with advanced CKD (IRIS stages 3 and 4). Additionally, DNA damage was statistically significantly higher in healthy cats (p ≤ 0.001) than in CKD cats. Plasma vitamin E concentrations increased statistically significantly in the vitamin E group compared to the placebo group four (p = 0.013) and eight (p = 0.017) weeks after the start of vitamin E supplementation. During the study and after 24 weeks of vitamin E supplementation, plasma MDA and PC concentrations and DNA damage remained similar to pre-supplementation levels in both the placebo and vitamin E groups. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin E supplementation as an addition to standard therapy does not prolong survival in feline CKD.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Gatos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Vitamina E , Animales , Gatos , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/veterinaria , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/dietoterapia , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/dietoterapia , Masculino , Femenino , Método Doble Ciego , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Malondialdehído/sangre , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial vaginitis (BV) is a common vaginal disease. Vitamin E has been shown to reduce BV by enhancing immune function, but no studies have analyzed the relationship between vitamin E and BV at different BMIs and ages. METHOD: This study used 2242 participants from four cycles of NHANES 1999-2006 in American. Participants' vitamin E levels were divided into four groups, and analyses such as study population description, stratified analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis, and curve fitting were performed. To perform data processing, the researchers used the statistical package R (The R Foundation; http://www.r-project.org ; version 3.6.3) and Empower Stats software ( www.empowerstats.net , X&Y solutions, Inc. Boston, Massachusetts). RESULT: The concentrations of serum vitamin E were negatively correlated with the risk of BV, especially when vitamin E were at 1198-5459ug/dL with (OR = -0.443, 95%CI = 0.447-0.923, P = 0.032) or without (OR = -0.521, 95%CI = 0.421-0.837, P = 0.006) adjustment for variables. At the same time, at lower levels, there was no significant association. Vitamin E supplementation may significantly reduce the risk of BV (p < 0.001). In addition, the risk of having BV decreased and then increased with increasing vitamin E concentrations at high BMI levels (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Vitamin E at moderate to high concentrations may significantly reduce BV risk, says the study, providing clinical evidence for the prevention and the treatment of BV.

Asunto(s)

Vaginosis Bacteriana , Vitamina E , Humanos , Femenino , Vitamina E/sangre , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Vaginosis Bacteriana/sangre , Vaginosis Bacteriana/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Encuestas Nutricionales , Adulto Joven , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

Background and Objectives: Genitourinary syndrome, previously defined as vulvovaginal atrophy, manifests with signs and symptoms deriving from estrogen diminution in the female genitourinary tract. Stable ozonides are derivatives of artemisinin found to be stable against strong basic and acidic conditions. Vitamin E is an important antioxidant diminishing the output of reactive oxygen species in the oxidation of fats and the emanation of free radicals, reducing cellular injury and aging. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the positive effects of an ozonide plus a vitamin E acetate-based compound (Ozoile) on genitourinary syndrome symptom relief after a maximum of 20 days of treatment. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria for patients' enrollment were women of child-bearing age or in menopause reporting genitourinary syndrome's related symptoms, such as pain, burning, a bad smell, dyspareunia, dryness, itching, bleeding, and nervousness. The exclusion criteria were Sjogren's syndrome and patients administered retinoic acid, an agent that causes mucosal dryness. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after 20 days of treatment. Results: The incidence of pain decreased from 16.7% to 11.8% (p-value < 0.0001). In addition, the mean symptom intensity decreased from 2.10 to 0.87 (p-value < 0.0001). Dryness was the most frequent pre-treatment symptom and decreased from 85.5% to 53.8% (p-value < 0.0001) (mean: 2.21 vs. 0.90; p-value < 0.0001). Conclusions: Ozoile was effective in reducing most gynecologic symptoms related to genitourinary syndrome. However, further studies are needed to compare its effect with other standards of care.

Asunto(s)

Vitamina E , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Síndrome , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades Urogenitales Femeninas/tratamiento farmacológico , Atrofia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

Lung fibrosis is a critical interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis. There is an urgent need to develop a proper and cost-effective therapeutic modality that can reverse and/or ameliorate lung fibrosis. Vitamin E is one of the widely investigated dietary antioxidants which has been linked to improvement of many health problems. The current study was conducted to evaluate the possible roles of vitamin E in prevention and treatment of bleomycin (BLM) induced lung fibrosis. Physiological, anatomical, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were done to assess and compare between the structure and function of the lung tissue in lung fibrosis model, early and late treated groups with vitamin E. Furthermore, measurement of transforming growth factor-ß(TGF-ß), E-cadherin, Smad-3, BAX, BCL2, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were done. The study revealed that administration of vitamin E helped to improve signs of lung fibrosis, as reflected by amelioration of structure and functions of lungs as well as the decrease in TGF-ß levels and inhibition of α-SMA/collagen I profibrotic pathway. These findings highlight the importance of administration of vitamin E as a prophylactic agent prior to BLM therapy and as an adjuvant treatment in cases of lung fibrosis.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Bleomicina , Pulmón , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta , Vitamina E , Animales , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/farmacología , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Proteína smad3/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Actinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos

RESUMEN

AIMS: Guidelines emphasize screening high-risk patients for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with a calculated FIB-4 score for therapy to reverse fibrosis. We aimed to determine whether FIB-4 can effectively screen and monitor changes in steatohepatitis (MASH). METHODS: Data were retrieved from the NIDDK-CR R4R central repository, of the CRN/PIVENS (pioglitazone vs vitamin E vs placebo) trial of adult patients without diabetes mellitus and with MASLD. RESULTS: 220 patients with MASLD had alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and platelet count, to calculate FIB-4, and repeat liver biopsies for histological MASLD activity scores (NAS). Compared to NAS score of 2, Fib-4 was higher at NAS 5) (p = 0.03), and NAS score of 6 (p = 0.02). FIB-4 correlated with cellular ballooning (r = 0.309, p < 0.001). Levels of ALT (ANOVA, p = 0.016) and AST (ANOVA p = 0.0008) were associated with NAS. NAS improved with pioglitazone by 39 %, p < 0.001 and with vitamin E by 36 %, p < 0.001. Pioglitazone and vitamin E both improved histological sub-scores for steatosis, and inflammation, without statistical changes in fibrosis grade. Changes in FIB-4 correlated with changes in NAS (r = 0.237, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this post hoc analysis, changes in FIB-4 were associated with changes of steatohepatitis. Medication known to treat steatohepatitis, may be considered, before the onset of advanced fibrosis.

Asunto(s)

Cirrosis Hepática , Pioglitazona , Vitamina E , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pioglitazona/uso terapéutico , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Adulto , Vitamina E/sangre , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/complicaciones , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/patología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/diagnóstico , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/sangre , Hígado/patología , Tiazolidinedionas/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/análisis , Recuento de Plaquetas , Biopsia , Hígado Graso/diagnóstico , Hígado Graso/patología , Hígado Graso/complicaciones , Progresión de la Enfermedad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The primary challenge encountered by individuals diagnosed with endometriosis is the experience of pain. Emerging research indicates that oxidative stress is implicated in the initiation of pain associated with endometriosis. Vitamins C and E are known for their antioxidative properties. The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation, consisting of these vitamins, in the management of pain associated with endometriosis. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on the ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Medline databases up until August 23rd, 2023, utilizing a combination of relevant keywords. This review incorporates literature that examines the relationship between antioxidant supplementation and pain in endometriosis. We employed fixed-effect models to analyze the risk ratio (RR) and present the outcomes together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A total of five RCTs were incorporated. The results of our meta-analysis indicated that antioxidant supplementation with vitamin C and E combination was associated with higher proportion of endometriosis patients reporting reduced chronic pelvic pain (RR 7.30; 95%CI: 3.27-16.31, p<0.00001, I2 = 0%), alleviations of dysmenorrhea (RR 1.96; 95%CI: 1.25-3.07, p = 0.003, I2 = 39%), and dyspareunia (RR 5.08; 95%CI: 2.10-12.26, p = 0.0003, I2 = 0%) than patients only receiving placebo. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the potential ability of vitamin C and E in alleviating pain symptoms experienced by individuals with endometriosis.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Ácido Ascórbico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Endometriosis , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Vitamina E , Femenino , Humanos , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Endometriosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Dismenorrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Pélvico/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Pélvico/etiología , Dispareunia/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease associated with vitamin E deficiency in the first year of life. It is the second most common cause of spinal ataxia in horses euthanized for neurologic disease. Equine NAD/EDM is characterized by neurologic signs including a symmetric proprioceptive ataxia (> grade 2/5) and a wide-base stance at rest. There are currently no antemortem tests for eNAD/EDM in any breed. Conclusive diagnosis requires postmortem histologic evaluation of the brainstem and spinal cord at necropsy. Research studies on antemortem biomarkers and genetic testing are ongoing. The development of a genetic test for eNAD/EDM would have widespread impact, even if it were breed specific. Currently, the best approach to eNAD/EDM is to focus on preventing cases by providing pregnant mares and foals with access to pasture. Alternatively, dams' diets can be supplemented with high doses of water-soluble RRR-α-tocopherol during the last trimester of gestation, with continued supplementation of foals through the first two years of life. It is important to measure horses' baseline serum vitamin E levels prior to supplementing. While considered generally safe, oversupplementation of vitamin E is possible and can lead to coagulopathies.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Caballos , Distrofias Neuroaxonales , Deficiencia de Vitamina E , Caballos , Animales , Distrofias Neuroaxonales/veterinaria , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/veterinaria , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/complicaciones , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Embarazo , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis

RESUMEN

The vitamin E family contains α-tocopherol (αT), ßT, γT, and δT and α-tocotrienol (TE), ßTE, γTE, and δTE. Research has revealed distinct roles of these vitamin E forms in prostate cancer (PCa). The ATBC trial showed that αT at a modest dose significantly decreased PCa mortality among heavy smokers. However, other randomized controlled trials including the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) indicate that supplementation of high-dose αT (≥400 IU) does not prevent PCa among nonsmokers. Preclinical cell and animal studies also do not support chemopreventive roles of high-dose αT and offer explanations for increased incidence of early-stage PCa reported in the SELECT. In contrast, accumulating animal studies have demonstrated that γT, δT, γTE, and δTE appear to be effective for preventing early-stage PCa from progression to adenocarcinoma in various PCa models. Existing evidence also support therapeutic roles of γTE and its related combinations against advanced PCa. Mechanistic and cell-based studies show that different forms of vitamin E display varied efficacy, that is, δTE ≥ γTE > δT ≥ γT >> αT, in inhibiting cancer hallmarks and enabling characteristics, including uncontrolled cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation possibly via blocking 5-lipoxygenase, nuclear factor κB, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, modulating sphingolipids, and targeting PCa stem cells. Overall, existing evidence suggests that modest αT supplement may be beneficial to smokers and γT, δT, γTE, and δTE are promising agents for PCa prevention for modest-risk to relatively high-risk population. Despite encouraging preclinical evidence, clinical research testing γT, δT, γTE, and δTE for PCa prevention is sparse and should be considered.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Próstata , Tocoferoles , Tocotrienoles , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/prevención & control , Tocotrienoles/farmacología , Tocotrienoles/uso terapéutico , Tocoferoles/farmacología , Tocoferoles/uso terapéutico , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Quimioprevención/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Vitamina E/farmacología , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Anticarcinógenos/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects young, genetically predisposed horses that are deficient in vitamin E. Equine NAD/EDM has not previously been documented in Gypsy Vanner horses (GVs). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate: (1) the clinical phenotype, blood vitamin E concentrations before and after supplementation and pedigree in a cohort of GV horses with a high prevalence of neurologic disease suspicious for eNAD/EDM and (2) to confirm eNAD/EDM in GVs through postmortem evaluation. ANIMALS: Twenty-six GVs from 1 farm in California and 2 cases from the Midwestern U.S. METHODS: Prospective observational study on Californian horses; all 26 GVs underwent neurologic examination. Pre-supplementation blood vitamin E concentration was assessed in 17- GVs. Twenty-three were supplemented orally with 10 IU/kg of liquid RRR-alpha-tocopherol once daily for 28 days. Vitamin E concentration was measured in 23 GVs after supplementation, of which 15 (65%) had pre-supplementation measurements. Two clinically affected GVs from California and the 2 Midwestern cases had necropsy confirmation of eNAD/EDM. RESULTS: Pre-supplementation blood vitamin E concentration was ≤2.0 µg/mL in 16/17 (94%) of GVs from California. Post-supplementation concentration varied, with a median of 3.39 µg/mL (range, 1.23-13.87 µg/mL), but only 12/23 (52%) were normal (≥3.0 µg/mL). Normalization of vitamin E was significantly associated with increasing age (P = .02). Euthanized horses (n = 4) had eNAD/EDM confirmed at necropsy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: GVs could have a genetic predisposition to eNAD/EDM. Vitamin E supplementation should be considered and monitored in young GVs.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de los Caballos , Distrofias Neuroaxonales , Vitamina E , Animales , Caballos , Distrofias Neuroaxonales/veterinaria , Distrofias Neuroaxonales/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , California , Linaje , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/veterinaria , Deficiencia de Vitamina E/complicaciones

Asunto(s)

Suplementos Dietéticos , Selenio , Vitamina E , Humanos , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Selenio/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/prevención & control , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Several agents are under investigation for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We assessed the comparative efficacy of pharmacologic interventions for patients with NAFLD focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL. We included randomized controlled trials of more than 12 weeks of intervention that recruited patients with biopsy-confirmed or MRI-confirmed NAFLD and assessed the efficacy of interventions on liver fat content (LFC) and fibrosis by means of MRI. We performed random-effects frequentist network meta-analyses and assessed confidence in our estimates using the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis) approach. RESULTS: We included 47 trials (8583 patients). Versus placebo, thiazolidinediones were the most efficacious for the absolute change in LFC, followed by vitamin E, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) analogs, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with mean differences ranging from -7.46% (95% confidence interval [-11.0, -3.9]) to -4.36% (-7.2, -1.5). No differences between drug classes were evident. Patients receiving GLP-1 RAs or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 RAs were more likely to achieve ≥30% relative reduction in LFC. Among agents, efruxifermin produced the largest reduction in LFC compared to placebo [-13.5% (-18.5, -8.5)], followed by pioglitazone, while being superior to most interventions. The effect of interventions on magnetic resonance elastography assessed fibrosis was small and insignificant. The confidence in our estimates was low to very low. CONCLUSIONS: Several drug classes may reduce LFC in patients with NAFLD without a significant effect on fibrosis; nevertheless, trial duration was small, and confidence in the effect estimates was low.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Tiazolidinedionas , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Tiazolidinedionas/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Metaanálisis en Red , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Receptor del Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/agonistas , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factores de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/sangre , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática/tratamiento farmacológico , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen

RESUMEN

Thyroid hormones play essential roles in spermatogenesis, but their effects on infertile males remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of combining carbimazole (CBZ) with vitamin E (VE) on testicular injury induced by experimental hyperthyroidism in adult albino rats, focusing on oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. In this experimental study, 64 adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into eight groups: Group I (control-untreated), Group II (CBZ-control), Group III (VE-control), Group IV (CBZ + VE-control), Group V (levothyroxine-induced testicular injury), Group VI (levothyroxine + CBZ-treated), Group VII (levothyroxine + VE-treated), and Group VIII (levothyroxine + CBZ + VE-treated). The study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University (Ismailia, Egypt). After cervical decapitation, both testes and epididymis were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Significant differences were observed among groups concerning malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT; all P < 0.001). Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed significant differences in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl2), p53, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) mRNA levels (all P < 0.001). Hyperthyroid group treated with CBZ alone (Group VI) exhibited testicular side effects, affecting seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis. However, the Group VIII showed improved spermatogenesis and a decrease in testicular side effects. The addition of VE to the treatment of hyperthyroid rats with CBZ reduced testicular side effects and seminiferous tubular affection when potentially improving spermatogenesis. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms fully.

Asunto(s)

Apoptosis , Carbimazol , Hipertiroidismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Wistar , Testículo , Vitamina E , Masculino , Animales , Hipertiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Testículo/patología , Testículo/metabolismo , Carbimazol/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina E/farmacología , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Antitiroideos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Epidídimo/efectos de los fármacos , Epidídimo/metabolismo , Epidídimo/patología , Quimioterapia Combinada

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint tissues. Vitamin E is an antioxidant with potential anti-fibroblastic effect. The aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on joint fibrosis. METHODS: We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats. We immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full flexion. The control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks (n = 5 per group), and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin E (0.2 mg/mL) in their drinking water for 12 weeks (n = 6). We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of arthrofibrosis. Immunofluorescent staining and α2-macroglobulin (α2M) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to assess local and systemic inflammation. Static weight bearing (total internal reflection) and range of motion (ROM) were collected for functional assessment. RESULTS: The ROM and weight-bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both groups. Histological analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular tissue. Vitamin E supplementation showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect on the local and systemic levels. The vitamin E group exhibited significant improvement in ROM and weight-bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint replacement. Vitamin E may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis, and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.

Asunto(s)

Fibrosis , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Vitamina E , Animales , Vitamina E/farmacología , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Ratas , Rango del Movimiento Articular/efectos de los fármacos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Artropatías/prevención & control , Artropatías/etiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad

RESUMEN

Currently, coronary artery bypass and reperfusion therapies are considered the gold standard in long-term treatments to restore heart function after acute myocardial infarction. As a drawback of these restoring strategies, reperfusion after an ischemic insult and sudden oxygen exposure lead to the exacerbated synthesis of additional reactive oxidative species and the persistence of increased oxidation levels. Attempts based on antioxidant treatment have failed to achieve an effective therapy for cardiovascular disease patients. The controversial use of vitamin C as an antioxidant in clinical practice is comprehensively systematized and discussed in this review. The dose-dependent adsorption and release kinetics mechanism of vitamin C is complex; however, this review may provide a holistic perspective on its potential as a preventive supplement and/or for combined precise and targeted therapeutics in cardiovascular management therapy.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Ascórbico , Infarto del Miocardio , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo , Vitaminas , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico

Asunto(s)

Citocinas , Humanos , Citocinas/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Inflamación , Acetatos/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

Radiation-induced renal fibrosis (RIRF) is a progressive, irreversible condition causing chronic kidney disease. Pentoxifylline (PTX) and vitamin E may mitigate radiation-induced damage and fibrosis. This study assesses their effectiveness. We used four groups, each with six rats: radiation therapy alone (RT-only), radiation therapy plus drug treatment (RT + drug), drug treatment alone (drug-only), and a control group. Rats were monitored for three months, with weight measurements every four weeks. Afterward, rats were analyzed biochemically and histologically, with blood and tissue samples taken for statistical comparison. No significant differences in serum creatinine levels and body weight were observed. RT-only group had more severe kidney tubule effects. Histomorphological, immunohistochemical, and TUNEL analyses showed significant RIRF mitigation in the RT + drug group. Our study highlighted molecular pathways (SMAD, TGF-beta, VEGF) and histological markers (collagens, a-SMA, fibronectin, metalloproteinases) associated with RIRF. PTX and vitamin E reduced ionizing radiation's impact on renal cells and mitigated radiation-induced kidney fibrosis. Further human studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Asunto(s)

Pentoxifilina , Ratas , Humanos , Animales , Pentoxifilina/farmacología , Pentoxifilina/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/farmacología , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Riñón/patología , Fibrosis