RESUMEN
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause considerable morbidity worldwide and, depending on the specific pathogen, may lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Incarcerated women are particularly vulnerable to health problems with a disproportionate high rate of STIs, including infections with human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods: Here, cervical swab samples collected from 299 women (18 to 64 years) living in one of the women's prisons of São Paulo, Brazil were submitted for liquid-based cytology to determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions. Furthermore, direct detection of 30 genital HPV genotypes (18 high-risk and 12 low-risk types) and 11 additional STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Haemophilus ducreyi, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma parvum and urealyticum) were performed by molecular typing using two PCR-based DNA microarray systems, i.e., EUROArray HPV and EUROArray STI (EUROIMMUN), respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of cytological abnormalities was 5.8%, including five women with low-grade and five women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The overall prevalence of HPV was 62.2, and 87.1% of the HPV-positive women were infected with oncogenic high-risk (HR) HPV types. HPV types 16 (24.1%), 33 and 52 (both 10.4%) were the most frequently detected. The prevalence of the other STIs was 72.8%. Up to four different pathogens were found in the infected women, the most frequent being Ureaplasma parvum (45.3%), Mycoplasma hominis (36.2%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (24.8%). Conclusion: The high number of HR-HPV infections and other STIs described here highlights the fact that the Brazilian female prison population requires more attention in the country's health policies. The implementation of screening programs and treatment measures might contribute to a decrease in the incidence of STIs and cervical cancer in this vulnerable population. However, for such measures to be effective, further studies are needed to investigate the best practice to get more women to engage in in-prison prevention programs, e.g., through offering further sexual health education and self-sampling.
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Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Prisioneros , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Brasil/epidemiología , Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Cuello del Útero/virología , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Prisioneros/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Recently, microRNAs (miR) were identified to have potential links with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) oncogenesis, specifically miR-21. Since HPV is a major risk factor for the development of these diseases, we aimed to search the literature regarding miR-21 expression in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative OSCC/OPSCC. The search was performed in the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic databases. The research question was as follows: Is there a difference in the tissue expression of miR-21 between patients with HPV-positive and those with HPV-negative OSCC/OPSCC? After conducting a meticulous search strategy, four studies were included, and they had a pooled sample size of 621 subjects with OSCC and/or OPSCC. Three studies did not find any significant difference in miR-21 expression between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OSCC/OPSCC. The findings of this systematic review showed that there are no differences in miR-21 expression between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OSCC/OPSCC. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that there are still insufficient studies regarding this important subject, because understanding how HPV influences miR-21 expression and its downstream effects can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC/OPSCC development and progression.
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Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Virus del Papiloma Humano , MicroARNs , Neoplasias de la Boca , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/metabolismo , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Understanding the proportion of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) caused by different human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes can inform primary (ie, vaccination) and secondary (ie, screening) prevention efforts that target specific HPV genotypes. However, using the global literature to estimate population attributable fractions (AFs) requires a methodological framework to address HPV genotype-specific causality from aggregated data. We aimed to estimate the proportion of ICC caused by different HPV genotypes at the global, regional, and national level. METHODS: This systematic review identified studies reporting HPV genotype-specific prevalence in ICC or people with normal cervical cytology. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to Feb 29, 2024, using the search terms "cervix" and "HPV", with no language restrictions. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by comparing HPV genotype-specific prevalence between HPV-positive ICC and normal cervical cytology with logistic regression models, adjusting for region, year of paper publication, and HPV primer or test. HPV genotypes with a lower bound to the 95% CI of the OR greater than 1·0 were judged as causal to ICC. Corresponding regional genotype-specific AFs were calculated as regional HPV prevalence in ICC multiplied by (1â-â[1â/âOR]) and were proportionally adjusted to total 100%. Global AFs were calculated from regional AFs weighted by number of regional ICC cases in 2022 (GLOBOCAN). FINDINGS: The systematic review identified 1174 studies with 111â902 cases of HPV-positive ICC and 2â755â734 of normal cervical cytology. 17 HPV genotypes were considered causal to ICC, with ORs ranging widely from 48·3 (95% CI 45·7-50·9) for HPV16 to 1·4 (1·2-1·7) for HPV51. HPV16 had the highest global AF (61·7%), followed by HPV18 (15·3%), HPV45 (4·8%), HPV33 (3·8%), HPV58 (3·5%), HPV31 (2·8%), and HPV52 (2·8%). Remaining causal genotypes (HPV35, 59, 39, 56, 51, 68, 73, 26, 69, and 82) had a combined global AF of 5·3%. AFs for HPV16 and 18 and HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 combined were lowest in Africa (71·9% and 92·1%, respectively) and highest in central, western, and southern Asia (83·2% and 95·9%, respectively). HPV35 had a higher AF in Africa (3·6%) than other regions (0·6-1·6%). INTERPRETATION: This study provides a comprehensive global picture of HPV genotype-specific AFs in ICC, before the influence of HPV vaccination. These data can inform HPV genotype-specific vaccination and screening strategies to reduce the burden of ICC. FUNDING: EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.
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Salud Global , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Femenino , Humanos , Genotipo , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is an emerging risk factor for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of hrHPV and subtype distribution in SNSCC and correlation with patient and clinical characteristics. This retrospective cohort study included 43 cases diagnosed with incident primary SNSCC at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center from 2010 to 2015. The prevalence of hrHPV was interrogated using a multi-assay approach that included p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA in-situ hybridization (ISH), and hrHPV DNA sequencing. The association of hrHPV with 5-year overall survival (OS) and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed. Fourteen cases (32.6â¯%) were classified as hrHPV positive, based on the a priori definition of having either a positive RNAScope™ ISH test or hrHPV DNA and p16-positive IHC; 9 cases (20.9â¯%) were positive for all three tests. All cases that arose from an inverted sinonasal papilloma (ex-ISP) were negative for hrHPV. HPV16 was the most common subtype among hrHPV positive cases (58.8â¯%), followed by HPV18 (17.6â¯%). No significant association was observed between hrHPV and OS or DFS after adjusting for potential confounding. hrHPV is prevalent in a sizable fraction of SNSCC. Additional studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship with patient survival outcomes and determine the optimal testing modality for prognostication.
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Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Humanos , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunohistoquímica , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/mortalidad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/mortalidad , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/patología , Neoplasias de los Senos Paranasales/virología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/mortalidadRESUMEN
Background: Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains a key risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV-based primary screening is widely recommended in clinical guidelines, and further longitudinal studies are needed to optimize strategies for detecting high-grade cervical lesions compared to cytology. Methods: From November 2015 to December 2023, 31,942 participants were included in the real-world observational study. Among those, 4,219 participants underwent at least two rounds of HPV tests, and 397 completed three rounds of HPV tests. All participants were tested for high-risk types of HPV 16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68 (hrHPV) and low-risk types of HPV6/11 genotyping. Some participants also received cytology or colposcopy with pathology. Results: In the cross-sectional cohort, the prevalence of hrHPV and all HPV subtypes was 6.6% (2,108/31,942) and 6.8% (2,177/31,942), respectively. The three top hrHPV genotypes were HPV52 (1.9%), HPV58 (0.9%), and HPV16 (0.9%). Age distributions showed two peaks at 45-49 and 60-65 years. For the primary screening cohort, the hrHPV prevalence rate increased from 4.8% in 2015-2017 to 7.0% in 2020-2020 and finally reached 7.2% in 2023. For the longitudinal cohort study, the hrHPV prevalence rates in the repeated population (3.9, 5.3, and 6.0%) were lower than the primary hrHPV screening rates (6.6%), which indicated that repeated screening might decrease the prevalence rate. Methodologically, the hrHPV (89.5%) and the screening group of 16 subtypes (92.3%) demonstrated superior sensitivity than the cytology group (54.4%). Moreover, the longitudinal study indicated that the persistent hrHPV subgroup had a significantly higher (p = 0.04) incidence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and more histology progression events (7/17 vs. 0/5) than the reinfection group. Conclusion: The study indicates a rising high-risk HPV prevalence in Dongguan, with repeated screening reducing this trend. The findings support HPV-based primary screening and might guide HPV vaccination and cervical cancer prevention in South China.
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Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Genotipo , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios Longitudinales , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide. The identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the main etiologic cause of cervical cancer has led to the development and adaptation of HPV molecular diagnostics as a cervical cancer screening and prevention tool. This article highlights six Food and Drug Administration-approved HPV molecular platforms, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. In addition, HPV vaccination and the emergence of HPV self-collection as an alternative testing strategy are discussed.
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Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Femenino , Humanos , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/administración & dosificación , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are an increasing cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). Integration of the viral genome into the host genome is suggested to affect carcinogenesis, however, the correlation with OPSCC patient prognosis is still unclear. Research on HPV integration is hampered by current integration detection technologies and their unsuitability for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. This study aims to develop and validate a novel targeted proximity-ligation based sequencing method (targeted locus amplification/capture [TLA/TLC]) for HPV integration detection in cell lines and FFPE OPSCCs. For the identification of HPV integrations, TLA/TLC was applied to 7 cell lines and 27 FFPE OPSCCs. Following preprocessing steps, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based HPV enrichment was performed on the cell lines and a capture-based HPV enrichment was performed on the FFPE tissues before paired-end sequencing. TLA was able to sequence up to hundreds of kb around the target, detecting exact HPV integration loci, structural variants, and chromosomal rearrangements. In all cell lines, one or more integration sites were identified, in accordance with detection of integrated papillomavirus sequences PCR data and the literature. TLC detected integrated HPV in 15/27 FFPE OPSCCs and identified simple and complex integration patterns. In general, TLA/TLC confirmed PCR data and detected additional integration sites. In conclusion TLA/TLC reliably and robustly detects HPV integration in cell lines and FFPE OPSCCs, enabling large, population-based studies on the clinical relevance of HPV integration. Furthermore, this approach might be valuable for clonality assessment of HPV-related tumors in clinical diagnostics.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Integración Viral , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Línea Celular Tumoral , ADN Viral/genética , Formaldehído , Virus del Papiloma Humano/clasificación , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Adhesión en Parafina , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Fijación del Tejido , Integración Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is among the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections, particularly prevalent among sexually active individuals. While many HPV infections clear up over time, some may progress to various cancers such as anal cancer, cervical cancer and, vaginal cancer. This study examines the prevalence of different HPV genotypes, classified as high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR), among females of various age groups who visited the laboratory in Karaj. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Genital specimens were gathered from the individuals involved in the study and subjected to DNA extraction (DNA/RNA extraction AmpliSense, Moscow, Russia) followed by amplification using Real-Time PCR. HR- and LR-HPV genotypes were identified using the GenoFlow HPV Array test kit (GenoFlow; DiagCor Bioscience, Hong Kong) and homemade HPV genotyping kit. Demographic information such as age, was examined alongside statistical virological data. RESULTS: Overall, 367 (17%) out of the 2109 (100%) female cases tested positive for HPV. Among these, 219 (46.2%) were classified as low-risk, 44 (9.3%) as potentially high-risk, and 211 (44.5%) as high-risk. The highest percentage of positive test results was detected in individuals under 30 years old (35%) and those aged 40-50 (18%). Individuals in the < 30 age group were primarily infected with HR genotypes. The most commonly identified genotypes overall were HPV-16 (11.7%), HPV-54 (10.3%), HPV-56 (8.4%), HPV-40 (8.1%). The lowest frequency was observed for HPV-70, HPV-71, HPV-82, and HPV-90, each recorded in only a single case. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the notable occurrence of HPV among females who visited the laboratory in Karaj, especially in the < 30 age group. Identifying HPV-16 as the most prevalent genotype in our examination highlights the necessity of tailored interventions for specific age ranges. While HPV-16 is covered by vaccination programs, HPV-54 and HPV-56 are not, emphasizing the need for effective screening and preventive plans to manage the consequences of HPV-related diseases in future.
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Genotipo , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Alphapapillomavirus , ADN Viral/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/clasificación , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Irán/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Esophageal carcinoma is a growing concern in regions that have a high incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection such as East Africa. HPV, particularly the high-risk genotypes, is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for esophageal carcinoma. We set out to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of high-risk HPV in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks with esophageal carcinoma at Bugando Medical Center, a tertiary referral hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania, East Africa. METHODS: A total of 118 esophageal carcinoma FFPE tissue blocks, collected from January 2021 to December 2022, were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from these tissues, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect HPV using degenerate primers for the L1 region and type-specific primers for detecting HPV16, HPV18, and other high-risk HPV genotypes. Data were collected using questionnaires and factors associated with high-risk HPV genotypes were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. RESULTS: Of the 118 patients' samples investigated, the mean age was 58.3 ± 13.4 years with a range of 29-88 years. The majority of the tissue blocks were from male patients 81/118 (68.7%), and most of them were from patients residing in Mwanza region 44/118 (37.3%). Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) was the predominant histological type 107/118 (91.0%). Almost half of the tissue blocks 63/118 (53.3%) tested positive for high-risk HPV. Among these, HPV genotype 16 (HPV16) was the most common 41/63 (65.1%), followed by HPV genotype 18 (HPV18) 15/63 (23.8%), and the rest were other high-risk HPV genotypes detected by the degenerate primers 7/63 (11.1%). The factors associated with high-risk HPV genotypes were cigarette smoking (p-value < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A substantial number of esophageal carcinomas from Bugando Medical Center in Tanzania tested positive for HPV, with HPV genotype 16 being the most prevalent. This study also revealed a significant association between HPV status and cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. These findings provide important insights into the role of high-risk HPV in esophageal carcinoma in this region.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Genotipo , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/virología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/epidemiología , Papillomavirus Humano 16/genética , Papillomavirus Humano 16/aislamiento & purificación , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Tanzanía/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
There is limited understanding of epidemiology and time trends of human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven head and neck cancers (HNC) in Japan, especially outside of the oropharynx. To assess HPV-driven HNC, a non-interventional study (BROADEN) of HNC patients diagnosed in 2008-2009 and 2018-2019 was conducted in Japan. Adult patients with oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal or oral cavity cancers were included in this study. HPV was centrally tested using p16INK4a immunohistochemistry, HPV-DNA PCR and HPV E6*I mRNA. HPV attributability required positivity in at least two tests (p16INK4a immunohistochemistry, HPV-DNA PCR, HPV E6*I mRNA) in the oropharynx, and HPV-DNA and HPV E6*I mRNA positivity for non-oropharynx sites. Nineteen hospitals included a total of 1108 patients, of whom 981 had valid samples. Men accounted for 82% of HNC diagnoses. Patients in the earlier cohort were younger and included a higher percentage of smokers. There was an increasing trend of HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer over the last decade, from 44.2% to 51.7%. HPV attribution in nasopharyngeal cancers was 3.2% in 2008-2009 and 7.5% in 2018-2019; and 4.4% and 0% for larynx respectively. In total, 95.2% of HPV-driven HNC were attributed to HPV genotypes included in the 9-valent HPV vaccine being HPV16 the most prominent genotype. These results suggest that an epidemiologic shift is happening in Japan, with a decrease in smoking and alcohol use and an increase in HPV-driven HNC. The increasing trend of HPV-driven HNC in Japan highlights the need for preventive strategies to mitigate the rise of HPV-driven HNC.
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Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina , ADN Viral/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Japón/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Global human activities were significantly impacted by the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection in Central Fujian Province during the pandemic. METHODS: Cervical samples were collected from 21,612 outpatients and 12,664 females who underwent physical examinations and HPV screening at the People's Hospital of Fujian Province in Fuzhou from April 2020 to April 2023. HPV detection and genotyping were conducted using PCR hybridization. RESULTS: The overall HPV infection rate was 16.1% during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the outpatient group exhibiting a greater infection rate (19.0%) than did the healthy group (12.3%). The top five high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes in both groups were HPV52, HPV53, HPV58, HPV16, and HPV51. Additionally, HPV81 and HPV43 were the two most common low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes in the patient group, while HPV81 and HPV42 were the two most common LR-HPV genotypes in the healthy group. The highest prevalence of HPV infection was observed in individuals aged ≤ 24 years (28.4%, 95% CI 25.9-30.9), followed by those aged ≥ 55 years (23.6%, 95% CI 21.6-24.7) and other age groups. The prevalence decreased from 23.0% (95% CI 22.4-23.7) in 2018-2019 to 13.8% (95% CI 12.0-15.5) in 2023. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and genotypes of HPV infection in the female population of Central Fujian Province from 2020 to 2023. The findings indicate that the prevalence of HPV infection in Central Fujian Province remains relatively low compared to the national average. Furthermore, the prevalence of HPV decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, as the pandemic waned, there was potential for an increase in HPV infection rates. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen HPV screening and vaccination strategies to prevent the potential spread of HPV.
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COVID-19 , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Cuello del Útero/virología , China/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Genotipo , Virus del Papiloma Humano/clasificación , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Long-term exposure to high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) is a well-known necessary condition for development of cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to screen for Hr-HPV using vaginal self-sampling, which is a more effective approach to improve women's adherence and increase screening rates. METHODS: This pilot study included a total of 100 Women living with HIV (WLWHIV), recruited from the Center for Listening, Care, Animation, and Counseling of People Living with HIV in Bamako. Hr-HPV genotyping was performed on Self-collected samples using the Cepheid GeneXpert instrument. RESULTS: The median age of WLWHIV was 44 (interquartile range [IQR], 37-50) years. Approximately 92% of the study participants preferred self-sampling at the clinic, and 90% opted to receive result notifications via mobile phone contact. The overall prevalence of Hr-HPV among study participants was 42.6%, and the most frequent Hr-HPV sub-types observed were HPV18/45 (19.1%), HPV31/35/33/52/58 (13.8%), and HPV39/68/56/66 (12.8%), followed by HPV16 (5.3%), and HPV51/59 (5.3%). WLWHIV under 35 years of age had a higher frequency of Hr-HPV compared to their older counterparts, with rates of 30% versus 11.1% (p = 0.03). The duration of antiretroviral treatment showed an inverse association with Hr-HPV negativity, with patients on treatment for 15 (IQR, 10-18) years versus 12 (IQR = 7-14) years for Hr-HPV positive patients (95% CI [1.2-5.8], t = 3.04, p = 0.003). WLWHIV with baseline CD4 T-Cell counts below 200 exhibited a higher frequency of Hr-HPV compared to those with baseline CD4 T-Cell counts above 200 (17.9% versus 1.9%, p = 0.009). However, other demographics and clinical factors, such as marital status, age of sexual debut, parity, education, history of abortion, history of preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery, did not influence the distribution of Hr-HPV genotypes. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that WLWHIV under the age of 35 years old exhibited the highest prevalence of Hr-HPV infection, with HPV18/45 being the most prevalent subtype. Additionally, WLWHIV with baseline CD4 T-Cell counts below 200 showed the highest infection rates.
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Infecciones por VIH , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Malí/epidemiología , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Proyectos Piloto , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral agent in the world and the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV prevalence and genotype distribution vary by region and demographic data. In a province in the south of Turkey that constantly receives immigration, we aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes, evaluate the compatibility between cervical Pap smear cytology results patients and HR-HPVs, and make an up-to-date contribution to the elucidation of epidemiological data. In this single-centre study, a total of 12,641 women aged 18 and over were evaluated retrospectively from January 2019 to July 2022. HPV detection and genotyping were analysed by the PCR method. Bethesda scoring was used for Pap smear cytological evaluation. The overall prevalence of HR-HPV was 12.6% (12.7% in Turkish women, 11.2% in foreign women). Among the typed HPVs that were detected, HPV-16 (31%) was found first, followed by HPV-18 (8%). The prevalence of HR-HPV was higher in women with abnormal cytology (977/1762, 55.4%) than in women with normal cytology (620/10879, 5.7%) (p<0.001). Turkey doesn't yet have a national HPV immunisation program. We think that determining the specific regional frequency of other HR-HPVs separately will be useful in the follow-up of the natural course of the type-specific infection and in vaccine studies in the future.
Asunto(s)
Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Cuello del Útero/virología , Cuello del Útero/patología , Genotipo , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Prueba de Papanicolaou , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Turquía/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Frotis VaginalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor in the development of head and neck cancers (HNCs), with varying prevalence and impact. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the prevalence of HPV in HNCs in India, providing insights into regional variations. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 10, 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on original research reporting HPV-positive cases among HNC patients in India. We used Nested-Knowledge software, for screening, and data extraction. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of included studies. We pooled the prevalence of HPV among HNC patients and performed a random-effects model meta-analysis using R software (version 4.3). RESULTS: The search yielded 33 studies, encompassing 4654 HNC patients. The pooled prevalence of HPV infection was found to be 33% (95% CI: 25.8-42.6), with notable heterogeneity (I² = 95%). Analysis of subgroups according to geographical location indicated varying prevalence rates. Specifically, the prevalence was 47% (95% CI: 32.2-62.4) in the eastern regions and 19.8% (95% CI: 10.8-33.4) in the western regions. No evidence of publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: The observed considerable regional disparities on the prevalence of HPV in HNC patients in India emphasizes the need for integrated HPV vaccination and screening programs in public health strategies. The findings underline the necessity for further research to explore regional variations and treatment responses in HPV-associated HNCs, considering the impact of factors such as tobacco use and the potential benefits of HPV vaccination.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , India/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoAsunto(s)
Genotipo , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Beijing/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Voluntarios Sanos , Hospitales , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Malignancies of the parotid gland are relatively uncommon and in most cases are primary neoplasms; intraparotid metastases are rare. Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (O- and OP-SCC) can potentially metastasize to the parotid gland or intraparotid lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) serves as the initial diagnostic approach for this purpose. HPV status in FNAC specimens is relevant and can guide the diagnostic workup, indicating a potential oropharyngeal origin of the primary tumor. A small series of occult SCC metastases is presented below, in which HPV-DNA testing of FNAC specimens helped identify primary neoplasms located in the oropharynx. US-guided FNAC of parotid nodules was conducted by an experienced interventional cytopathologist in three cases. Each patient underwent assessment of direct smears, cell blocks, and liquid-based samples for HPV testing. The morphological and immunocytochemical features of SCC were documented, and real-time PCR was employed for the detection and genotyping of HPV. The role of HPV testing on FNAC specimens in pinpointing the primary neoplasms in the oropharynx is highlighted. Consequently, FNAC samples emerge as valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools in this context, providing essential insights for patient management.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Neoplasias de la Parótida , Humanos , Biopsia con Aguja Fina , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Citología , ADN Viral/genética , Pruebas de ADN del Papillomavirus Humano , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/virología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/patología , Neoplasias Orofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Neoplasias de la Parótida/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Parótida/secundario , Neoplasias de la Parótida/virologíaRESUMEN
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and aneuploidy are hallmarks of cancer. CIN is defined as a continuous rate of chromosome missegregation events over the course of multiple cell divisions. CIN causes aneuploidy, a state of abnormal chromosome content differing from a multiple of the haploid. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of squamous cancers of the oropharynx, cervix, and anus. The HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes have well-known roles in carcinogenesis, but additional genomic events, such as CIN and aneuploidy, are often required for tumor formation. HPV+ squamous cancers have an increased frequency of specific types of CIN, including polar chromosomes. CIN leads to chromosome gains and losses (aneuploidies) specific to HPV+ cancers, which are distinct from HPV- cancers. HPV-specific CIN and aneuploidy may have implications for prognosis and therapeutic response and may provide insight into novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, we review HPV-specific types of CIN and patterns of aneuploidy in squamous cancers, as well as how this impacts patient prognosis and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Aneuploidia , Inestabilidad Cromosómica , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Femenino , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano/patogenicidad , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/virología , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-based cervical cancer screening in the Netherlands led to a substantial increase in number of colposcopy referrals and low-grade lesions detected. Genotyping strategies may be employed to lower the screening-related burden. METHODS: We evaluated 14 triage strategies with genotyping (HPV16/18 or HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58) for hrHPV-positive borderlineormilddyskaryosis (BMD)ornormal cytology,usingdata from a population-based hrHPV-based screening trial with 5-year interval (POBASCAM). We considered colposcopy referral at baseline, after 6-month repeat cytology and after 5-year hrHPV testing. Performance was evaluated by one-round positive and negative predictive value (PPVandNPV) for CIN3+ and by two-roundcolposcopy referral rate. To identify efficient strategies, they were ordered by the one-round colposcopy referral rate. Adjacent strategies were compared by the marginal PPV for detecting one additional CIN3+ (mPPV). RESULTS: The most conservative strategy (repeat cytology after BMD and HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58-positive normal cytology, next round otherwise) yielded an mPPV of 28%, NPV of 98.2%, and two-round colposcopy referral rate of 47.2%. Adding direct referral after BMD or genotype-positive BMD yielded an mPPV ≤ 8.2%, NPV ≥ 98.5% and an increase in colposcopy referral rate of 1.9% to 6.5%. Adding direct referral after HPV16/18-positive normal cytology yielded an mPPV ≤ 3.5%, NPV ≥ 99.5% and an increase in colposcopy referral rate of 13.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Direct colposcopy referral of women with BMD or normal cytology is unlikely to be efficient, but genotype-guided direct referral after BMD may be considered because the increase in colposcopies is limited. IMPACT: hrHPV screening programs can become very efficient when immediate colposcopy referral is limited to women at highest CIN3+ risk. See related In the Spotlight, p. 979.