Asunto(s)
Absceso/virología , Viruela Vacuna/diagnóstico , Dedos/patología , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Adulto , Biopsia , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/patogenicidad , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Femenino , Dedos/virología , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Piel/virología , VeterinariosRESUMEN
Cowpox virus (CPXV) was isolated from skin lesions of a llama on a farm in Italy. Transmission electron microscopy showed brick-shaped particles consistent with orthopoxviruses. CPXV-antibodies were detected in llama and human serum samples; a CPXV isolate had a hemagglutinin sequence identical to CPXV-MonKre08/1-2-3 strains isolated from banded mongooses in Germany.
Asunto(s)
Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo/virología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/aislamiento & purificación , Viruela Vacuna/veterinaria , Brotes de Enfermedades , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Línea Celular , Viruela Vacuna/epidemiología , Viruela Vacuna/transmisión , Viruela Vacuna/virología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/genética , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/inmunología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , ADN Viral/análisis , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Perros , Femenino , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Ratones , Microscopía Electrónica , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Células VeroAsunto(s)
Viruela Vacuna/diagnóstico , Medicina Veterinaria , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Gatos/virología , Viruela Vacuna/cirugía , Viruela Vacuna/transmisión , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/genética , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Eosinofilia/virología , Femenino , Hemaglutininas Virales/genética , Humanos , Neutropenia/virología , Piperacilina/uso terapéutico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Estudiantes de Medicina , Adulto Joven , Zoonosis/transmisión , Zoonosis/virologíaRESUMEN
Electron microscopy was used to study the reproduction of cowpox virus strain EP-2 in the cells of a primary fibroblast cultures (PFC) and chorion-allantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos (CE). The sequential stages of viral morphogenesis and the structure of A-type inclusions were described. The parameters of viral reproduction in PFC and CE CAM were compared. The formation of crystalloid tubular structures in PFC, unusual electron dense inclusions in the cells of CE CAN, and different variants of A-type inclusions in the cells of a pock was found. The histological and ultrastructural characteristics of pocks in CE CAM are described.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Corioalantoides/virología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/fisiología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Fibroblastos/virología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Embrión de Pollo , Membrana Corioalantoides/patología , Elefantes/virología , Cuerpos de Inclusión/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica , Especificidad de la Especie , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
Cowpox virus infection associated with a streptococcal septicaemia was diagnosed in a weak German Warmblood filly, born 29 days prematurely, and humanely destroyed on the sixth day of life. At necropsy, ulcerative lesions in the alimentary tract, colitis, polyarthritis and nephritis were observed. Transmission electron microscopical examination of specimens from ulcerative lesions revealed typical orthopox virions. Cowpox virus was unequivocally identified by virological and molecular-biological methods.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/aislamiento & purificación , Viruela Vacuna/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Sepsis/veterinaria , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/veterinaria , Streptococcus equi/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Viruela Vacuna/complicaciones , Viruela Vacuna/patología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/genética , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , ADN Viral/análisis , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Caballos , Cuerpos de Inclusión/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión/veterinaria , Sepsis/microbiología , Sepsis/patología , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/patología , Úlcera/patología , Úlcera/virologíaRESUMEN
The orthopoxvirus gene p4c has been identified in the genome of the vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve. This gene encodes the 58-kDa structural protein P4c present on the surfaces of the intracellular mature virus (IMV) particles. The gene is disrupted in the genome of cowpox virus Brighton Red (BR), demonstrating that although the P4c protein may be advantageous for virus replication in vivo, it is not essential for virus replication in vitro. Complementation and recombination analyses with the p4c gene have shown that the P4c protein is required to direct the IMV into the A-type inclusions (ATIs) produced by cowpox virus BR. The p4c gene is highly conserved among most members of the orthopoxvirus genus, including viruses that produce ATIs, such as cowpox, ectromelia, and raccoonpox viruses, as well as those such as variola, monkeypox, vaccinia, and camelpox viruses, which do not. The conservation of the p4c gene among the orthopoxviruses, irrespective of their capacities to produce ATIs, suggests that the P4c protein provides functions in addition to that of directing IMV into ATIs. These findings, and the presence of the P4c protein in IMV but not extracellular enveloped virus (D. Ulaeto, D. Grosenbach, and D. E. Hruby, J. Virol. 70:3372-3377, 1996), suggest a model in which the P4c protein may play a role in the retrograde movement of IMV particles, thereby contributing to the retention of IMV particles within the cytoplasm and within ATIs when they are present. In this way, the P4c protein may affect both viral morphogenesis and processes of virus dissemination.
Asunto(s)
Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , Cuerpos de Inclusión Viral/metabolismo , Orthopoxvirus/metabolismo , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/genética , Virión/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Línea Celular/ultraestructura , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/genética , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/metabolismo , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Células HeLa/ultraestructura , Humanos , Ratones , Microscopía Electrónica , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Orthopoxvirus/genética , Orthopoxvirus/ultraestructura , Recombinación Genética , Virus Vaccinia/genética , Virus Vaccinia/metabolismo , Virus Vaccinia/ultraestructura , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/química , Proteínas Estructurales Virales/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the last few years, outbreaks of an apparently specific dermatosis occurred during the months of late summer and early autumn in our locality. Our aim in this study was to reveal the underlying etiology of this dermatosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with the disease were studied clinically, epidemiologically, histopathologically, and ultrastructurally. RESULTS: The results of all methods suggest that the dermatosis is most probably a human cowpox infection. Electron microscopy showed unenveloped cowpox virons. CONCLUSIONS: This apparently specific dermatosis is due to human cowpox infection. Future investigations will be needed to better define this important zoonosis frequently passed by cats to humans and carried by rodents.
Asunto(s)
Viruela Vacuna/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Virales/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Biopsia , Niño , Viruela Vacuna/epidemiología , Viruela Vacuna/virología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Piel/patología , Piel/virología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Virales/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the morphologic changes and disease progression of aerosolized cowpox virus infection in BALB/c mice and to ascertain the suitability of cowpox virus-infected BALB/c mice as a model of aerosol-transmitted, orthopoxviral respiratory disease. METHODS: BALB/c mice were inoculated with cowpox virus, Brighton strain, by aerosol or intranasal route. Mice were killed at specified times after inoculation, necropsied, and tissues were collected for routine histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Inoculation by both routes resulted in disease and death. Immunolabeled viral antigen and lesions predominated in the tissues associated with the inoculation route, that is, lungs, airways, trachea, and nasal passages and sinuses. Tracheitis was evident in the intranasally infected group only. Lesions were generally necrotizing and hemorrhagic, neutrophilic, and increased in extent and severity in a time-dependent fashion. Viral intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, immunolabeled viral antigen, or virions were readily seen in epithelial tissues, smooth muscle cells of airways and vessels, fibroblasts, periosteal cells, perineural cells, and macrophages. Although the extension of infection appeared to be primarily direct, lesions suggesting hematogenous dissemination were occasionally noted in bone marrow and skin. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated features of cell injury or death, virion assembly and maturation, and both A-type and B-type inclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Aerosol inoculation of BALB/c mice with cowpox virus provides a reliable and facilitative model of aerosol-transmitted, orthopoxviral respiratory disease.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/fisiología , Viruela Vacuna/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C/virología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/patología , Administración por Inhalación , Administración Intranasal , Aerosoles/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Bronquios/ultraestructura , Bronquios/virología , Bronquiolitis/patología , Bronquiolitis/virología , Bronconeumonía/patología , Bronconeumonía/virología , Viruela Vacuna/virología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Epitelio/ultraestructura , Epitelio/virología , Femenino , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Ratones , Mucosa Nasal/ultraestructura , Mucosa Nasal/virología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , Traqueítis/patología , Traqueítis/virologíaRESUMEN
Virions of vaccinia and orf viruses were examined by ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscopy using a non-coating method. Intracellular mature particles of vaccinia virus appeared to be covered with a net and ultrastructurally their surface consists of many fine ridges and globules, while the surfaces of orf virus mature particles recovered from infected cells consist of spirally running protrusions. The ridge-like structures of vaccinia virus were presumed to correspond to surface tubules shown by negative staining of this virus, while the spiral protrusions of orf virus were presumed to correspond to spiral threads having a criss-cross appearance by the same staining. Using scanning electron microscopy in which the samples were prepared by the conventional method, we observed: (i) many virions, i.e. one or two hundreds, or occasionally more reaching about one thousand particles, of the IHD strain of vaccinia virus, (ii) many or a moderate number of virions, i.e. about one hundred or fewer particles, of the 58 strain of cowpox virus and (iii) rather few virions, i.e. several tens or fewer particles, of the Iwate strain of orf virus on the free surface of each cell infected with these viruses. It must be noted that the number of virions detected considerably differed in respective cells examined. Virus budding was frequently observed at the cell surface of monolayer cells infected with vaccinia virus but it was never detected with cowpox or orf virus, indicating a difference in the mechanism of virus release between vaccinia and the other two viruses. When whole cells infected with vaccinia virus were examined by a combination of high-voltage and scanning electron microscopies, virions on the cell surface and those inside the cells were clearly differentiated. All virions on the cell surface had an envelope, and some of the envelopes had a slack and/or one or more bulges.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Celular/virología , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Poxviridae/fisiología , Poxviridae/ultraestructura , Virión/ultraestructura , Animales , Bovinos , Línea Celular , Membrana Celular/ultraestructura , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/fisiología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/métodos , Virus del Orf/fisiología , Virus del Orf/ultraestructura , Virus Vaccinia/fisiología , Virus Vaccinia/ultraestructura , Virión/fisiologíaRESUMEN
We report the first isolation of cowpox virus from a domestic cat in Norway, and the first confirmed isolation of cowpox virus from a human case in Norway. These two Norwegian cowpox virus isolates, as well as two Swedish human isolates, were partially characterized and compared with each other and with cowpox virus Brighton and vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve. Restriction enzyme analysis of the genomes revealed differences between all six viruses examined, but suggested that the two Norwegian isolates are closely related, as are the two Swedish isolates. Restriction endonuclease digestion of genomic DNA demonstrated that one of the Swedish isolates and the two Norwegian isolates have larger genomes than vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve, but smaller than cowpox Brighton. All four Scandinavian isolates lacked a 72 base-pair region within the A-type inclusion body protein gene which is present in the prototype cowpox virus Brighton.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/aislamiento & purificación , Viruela Vacuna/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Alantoides/virología , Animales , Southern Blotting , Gatos , Embrión de Pollo , Niño , Corion/virología , Viruela Vacuna/epidemiología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/genética , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/crecimiento & desarrollo , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Femenino , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Noruega/epidemiología , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Suecia/epidemiología , Timidina Quinasa/genética , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
A case of cowpox infection presenting as a necrotising cellulitis of the nasal tip and vestibule is reported. Diagnosis was established by identification of the pox virus particles from tissue culture of the nasal biopsy using electronic microscopy and the characteristic lesions on chorio-allantoic membrane produced by the virus. Cowpox of the external nose and transmission of the infection from a dog have not to our knowledge been reported previously.
Asunto(s)
Viruela Vacuna/transmisión , Perros , Nariz/lesiones , Infección de Heridas/virología , Heridas Penetrantes/virología , Adulto , Animales , Viruela Vacuna/patología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Femenino , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica , Nariz/patología , Infección de Heridas/patología , Heridas Penetrantes/patologíaRESUMEN
We report a patient with a history of atopic dermatitis who developed a generalized eruption due to cowpox infection. The infection was probably acquired from the patient's cat. This is the first report from Britain of cowpox causing Kaposi's varicelliform eruption in a patient with atopic dermatitis.
Asunto(s)
Viruela Vacuna/complicaciones , Dermatitis Atópica/complicaciones , Piel/patología , Animales , Animales Domésticos , Gatos , Viruela Vacuna/patología , Viruela Vacuna/transmisión , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/ultraestructura , Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Zoonosis/transmisiónRESUMEN
Inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), BW755c, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid were found to specifically interfere with the replication of cowpox virus (an orthopoxvirus) both in vivo and in vitro. Further studies in vitro showed that the drugs ETYA and BW755c were effective in inhibiting the replication of two additional orthopoxviruses, ectromelia and vaccinia viruses, but not human parainfluenza virus-3. In ETYA-treated and cowpox virus-infected cells, early and late gene expression were near normal levels, whereas the assembly of virus-specific membranes was severely reduced. These results are compatible with a model of orthopoxvirus replication that has an obligate requirement for arachidonic acid or one of its metabolic forms, possibly in the assembly of virus-specific membranes.