RESUMEN

The rearing of calves is an essential activity of a dairy system, as it impacts the future production of these animals. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of diarrhea, performance, and blood parameters of suckling calves that received mineral-vitamin supplementation in milk plus virginiamycin that was offered in milk (via the abomasum) or by esophageal tube (via the rumen). Twenty-seven calves were used, from the first week to 60 days of age, submitted to the following treatments: CONTROL, without supplementation; MILK, supplementation of 20 g of a mineral-vitamin complex with 100 mg of virginiamycin, diluted in milk; RUMEN, supplementation of 20 g of a mineral-vitamin complex diluted in milk and 100 mg of virginiamycin in gelatin capsules via an esophageal applicator. MILK and RUMEN calves had lower fecal consistency scoring, fewer days with scores 2 and 3 throughout the experimental period, and lower spending on medication compared to the CONTROL animals. Supplemented calves had higher fat and protein intake and reached feed intake of 600 g earlier than CONTROL animals, but did not differ in performance and hematological parameters. Supplementation with virginiamycin and vitamin-mineral complex for suckling calves reduced the incidence and days of diarrhea, and reduced medication costs, with no difference in performance, but the supplemented animals had higher initial protein and fat intake and reached targeted feed intake earlier to begin the weaning process.

Asunto(s)

Alimentación Animal , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Diarrea , Suplementos Dietéticos , Virginiamicina , Animales , Bovinos , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Diarrea/veterinaria , Diarrea/prevención & control , Diarrea/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Incidencia , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Virginiamicina/administración & dosificación , Virginiamicina/farmacología , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Animales Lactantes , Masculino , Femenino , Minerales/administración & dosificación , Minerales/análisis , Leche/química , Dieta/veterinaria

RESUMEN

This study aimed to assess the impact of a commercial blend of functional oils, specifically cashew nutshell liquid and castor oil (FO), in two physical forms (solid: P; liquid: S), in comparison to a combination of virginiamycin and anticoccidials on the gut health of broilers challenged with coccidiosis. A total of 1760 1-day-old male chicks were randomly distributed in a study design with eight treatments. The treatments included: a control group (without additive), OFS_0.75_kg/t (FO spray), OFP_1.0_kg/t (FO powder), OFP_1.5_kg/t (FO liquid spray), Sal (anticoccidials), Sal_Vir (virginiamycin and anticoccidials), Sal_OFS_0.5_ kg/t (anticoccidials plus FO spray), and Sal_OFP_1.0_kg/t (anticoccidials plus FO powder). All birds were challenged with Eimeria spp. at 14 days. The physical form of FO did not affect performance and intestinal health parameters. At 42 days, broilers from the control and OFS_0.75 treatments were the lightest, while those from the Sal_Vir and Sal_OFP_1.0 treatments were the heaviest (P < 0.05). FO reduced the presence of Clostridium perfringens. The individual phytogenic additives did not prevent weight loss in birds challenged with Eimeria, but they mitigated the effects of the infection by modulating the intestinal microbiota. A synergistic effect was observed between the FO and anticoccidials, yielding satisfactory results in substituting virginiamycin.

Asunto(s)

Pollos , Eimeria , Masculino , Animales , Polvos , Aceite de Ricino , Virginiamicina

RESUMEN

Gingivitis is an infectious inflammatory process that generates local and systemic conditions, compromising the masticatory capacity of animals. Virginiamycin controls and prevents gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in cattle. However, the interaction and effect with different sera and salivary elements remain unknown. The present 6-month longitudinal study evaluated the hematological, metabolic, and salivary buffering capacity profiles of calves with gingivitis treated with virginiamycin. Ten calves were divided into two groups: control and virginiamycin (n = 5 each). Calves in the virginiamycin group had a lower occurrence of gingivitis (P < 0.01, Student's t-test). The animals that developed gingivitis in both experimental groups had higher salivary levels of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.01915) and lower serum levels of albumin (P = 0.0028). Additionally, animals receiving virginiamycin had higher serum levels of magnesium (P = 0.008), albumin (P = 0.0008), urea (P = 0.008), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.008), total proteins (P = 0.008), and plasma protein (P = 0.018). Salivary buffering capacity was negatively correlated with salivary variables such as calcium, magnesium, albumin, total protein, and aspartate aminotransferase and serum variables such as albumin and aspartate aminotransferase. Results of the present study suggested that the occurrence of periodontopathies in episodes is reflected in the local and systemic alterations in animals. In this context, clinical periodontal monitoring also showed the benefits of virginiamycin supplementation on gingival conditions and systemic health markers, in addition to controlling the two precursor forms of periodontitis.

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Gengivites são processos infecto-inflamatórios que geram quadros locais e sistêmicos, com comprometimento da capacidade mastigatória dos animais. A virginiamicina controla e previne a gengivite e a gengivite necrosante em bovinos; no entanto, a interação e efeito com diferentes elementos séricos e salivares permanecem desconhecidos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, em um estudo longitudinal com duração de seis meses, os perfis hematológicos, metabólicos e de capacidade tamponante salivar de bezerros com gengivite e tratados com virginiamicina. Foram utilizados 10 bezerros divididos em dois grupos: grupo controle (n = 5) e grupo virginiamicina (n = 5). Os bezerros do grupo virginiamicina apresentaram menor ocorrência de gengivite (P < 0,01, teste T - Student). Os animais que desenvolveram gengivite, de ambos os grupos experimentais, apresentaram níveis salivares mais elevados de fosfatase alcalina (P = 0,01915) e níveis séricos menores de albumina (P = 0,0028). Observou-se também que os animais que receberam virginiamicina apresentaram níveis séricos mais elevados de magnésio (P = 0,008), albumina (P = 0,0008), ureia (P = 0,008), fosfatase alcalina (P = 0,008), proteínas totais (P = 0,008) e proteína plasmática (P = 0,018). As análises de capacidade tamponante salivar foram correlacionadas negativamente às variáveis salivares como cálcio, magnésio, albumina, proteína total e aspartato aminotransferase e às variáveis séricas como a albumina e aspartato aminotransferase. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a ocorrência em episódios das periodontopatias refletem-se em alterações locais e sistêmicas nos animais. Neste contexto, o monitoramento clínico periodontal também evidenciou os benefícios do emprego de suplementação pela virginiamicina sobre as condições gengivais e marcadores sistêmicos de saúde, além do controle das duas formas precursoras de periodontites.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades Periodontales/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Virginiamicina/uso terapéutico , Gingivitis Ulcerosa Necrotizante/veterinaria

RESUMEN

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of monensin and virginiamycin, alone or combined, on supplemented Nellore cattle grazing tropical grass during the rainy season. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate intake, digestibility, CH4 emissions, blood parameters, performance, and carcass characteristics (Exp. 1), and ruminal fermentation and relative abundance of ruminal microorganisms (Exp. 2). Animals (n = 92 Exp. 1 and n = 12 Exp. 2) were distributed in a completely randomized design and allocated in twelve paddocks composed of Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Xaraés. A protein-energetic supplementation of 3 g/kg of BW per day was provided to all animals. Supplements were: without additives (WA), monensin alone at 80 mg/kg of product (MN), virginiamycin alone at 150 mg/kg of product (VM), and monensin (80 mg/kg of product) combined with virginiamycin (150 mg/kg of product; MNVM). Treatments did not affect intakes of total dry matter (DM), supplement DM, and nutrients. However, the intakes of forage DM and crude protein decreased in cattle fed MNVM compared with animals fed WA, MN, and VM. Total volatile fatty acids increased in animals fed VM. Ruminal NH3-N decreased, and pH increased in animals fed MN, VM, and MNVM. Relative abundance of total F. succinogenes and S. ruminantium decreased and R. flavefaciens increased in animals fed MN and VM at d 118. Treatments had no effect on enteric CH4 emissions. The average daily gain (ADG) and total gain were greater in cattle fed MNVM than in cattle fed MN. Combination of monensin and virginiamycin altered the rumen microbial populations but did not decrease enteric CH4 emissions. However, it decreased forage dry matter intake without altering the ADG and total weight gain, leading to an increase in feed efficiency. Results from this study indicate an advantage in including feed additives combined in the diet of supplemented Nellore cattle grazing tropical grass during the rainy season.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Bovinos , Monensina/administración & dosificación , Virginiamicina/administración & dosificación , Estación Lluviosa , Dieta/veterinaria , Aditivos Alimentarios

RESUMEN

This study aimed to compare the effects of different levels of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) and castor oil (CNSL-castor oil) with growth-promoting antibiotics associated with anticoccidials in broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. In this work, 2520 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to 84 pens, containing 30 birds each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven treatments: enramycin (8 ppm), virginiamycin (16.5 ppm), and tylosin (55 ppm); different doses of CNSL-castor oil (0.5, 0.75, and 1.00 kg/t); and a control diet (without additives). All treatments received semduramicin + nicarbazin (500 g/t; Aviax® Plus) from 0 to 28 d and monensin sodium (100 ppm; Elanco) from 29 to 35 days of age, when the feed was without antibiotics. The challenge was introduced at 14 days of age by inoculating broiler chickens with sporulated Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria maxima oocysts via oral gavage. In addition to performance parameters, intestinal contents were collected at 28 and 42 days of age for microbiota analysis by sequencing the 16s rRNA in V3 and V4 regions using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Taxonomy was assigned using the SILVA database (v. 138) with QIIME2 software (v. 2020.11). After one week of challenge, the broilers that received tylosin had a higher body weight gain (BWG) than those in the control group (p < 0.05), while the other treatments presented intermediate values. At 28 d, the BWG was lower for the control, CNSL-Castor oil 0.5 kg/t, enramycin, and virginiamycin treatments than that in the tylosin treatment. The inclusion of CNSL-Castor oil at concentrations of 0.75 and 1 kg/t acted as an intermediate treatment (p < 0.05). For alpha diversity, using the Shannon index, it was possible to observe the effect of age, with substantial diversity at 42 d. The Firmicutes phylum had the highest abundance, with values between 84.33% and 95.16% at 42 d. Tylosin showed better performance indices than other treatments. CNSL-castor oil treatments with concentrations of 0.75 and 1 kg/t showed similar results to those of enramycin and virginiamycin. Furthermore, CNSL-castor oil acted as a modulator of intestinal microbiota, reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.

Asunto(s)

Anacardium , Coccidiosis , Eimeria , Microbiota , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Aceite de Ricino , Pollos , Coccidiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Masculino , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Tilosina/farmacología , Tilosina/uso terapéutico , Virginiamicina/farmacología , Virginiamicina/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

Considering that plasmid conjugation is a major driver for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria, this study aimed to investigate the effects of residual concentrations of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry litter on the frequencies of IncFII-FIB plasmid conjugation among Escherichia coli organisms. A 2 × 5 factorial trial was performed in vitro, using two types of litter materials (sugarcane bagasse and wood shavings) and five treatments of litter: non-treated (CON), herbal alkaloid sanguinarine (SANG), AGPs monensin (MON), lincomycin (LCM) and virginiamycin (VIR). E. coli H2332 and E. coli J62 were used as donor and recipient strains, respectively. The presence of residues of monensin, lincomycin and virginiamycin increased the frequency of plasmid conjugation among E. coli in both types of litter materials. On the contrary, sanguinarine significantly reduced the frequency of conjugation among E. coli in sugarcane bagasse litter. The conjugation frequencies were significantly higher in wood shavings compared with sugarcane bagasse only in the presence of AGPs. Considering that the presence of AGPs in the litter can increase the conjugation of IncFII-FIB plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes, the real impact of this phenomenon on the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the poultry production chain must be investigated.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos , Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Saccharum , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Celulosa/farmacología , Conjugación Genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Lincomicina/farmacología , Monensina , Plásmidos/genética , Aves de Corral/microbiología , Virginiamicina/farmacología

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of antibiotic growth promoters to concentrate on intake, digestibility, in situ degradability and ruminal variables in steers. Four steers in a Latin square design were fed hay (ad libitum), concentrate [10g kg-1 of body weight (BW)] and mineral mix (0.272g kg-1 of BW). The additives (0.75mg kg-1 of BW) were incorporated in the mineral mix as follows: Control (no antibiotics), lasalocid (LASA), salinomycin (SALI) or virginiamycin (VIRG). Antibiotic did not affect intake, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The LASA and SALI tended (P=0.09) to reduce the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The SALI and VIRG tended (P=0.09) to reduce the DM disappearance, and VIRG tended (P=0.06) to reduce the NDF disappearance in the rumen. The SALI and VIRG reduced the effective degradation and only SALI reduced the concentration of N-NH3 in the rumen. Thus, the antibiotics did not affect intake, pH, VFA and digestibility, but decreased the degradation of fiber and only SALI reduced the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) in the rumen.

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O objetivo foi avaliar a adição de antibióticos promotores de crescimento ao concentrado sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, degradabilidade in situ e variáveis ruminais de novilhos. Quatro novilhos em um delineamento quadrado latino foram alimentados com feno (ad libitum), concentrado [10g kg-1 do peso corporal (PC)] e mistura mineral (0,272g kg-1 do PC). Os antibióticos (0,75mg kg-1 do PC) foram incorporados à ração: Controle (sem antibióticos), lasalocida (LASA), salinomicina (SALI) ou virginiamicina (VIRG). Os antibióticos não afetaram o consumo, pH, ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV) e digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e carboidratos não fibrosos. A LASA e a SALI tenderam (P=0,09) a reduzir a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). A SALI e a VIRG tenderam (P=0,09) a reduzir o desaparecimento da MS, e a VIRG tendeu (P=0,06) a reduzir o desaparecimento da FDN no rúmen. A SALI e a VIRG reduziram a degradação efetiva e somente a SALI reduziu a concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) no rúmen. Assim, os antibióticos não afetaram o consumo, pH, AGV e digestibilidade, mas diminuiram a degradação da fibra e somente a SALI reduziu a concentração de N-NH3 no rúmen.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Masculino , Bovinos , Bovinos , Ionóforos , Alimentación Animal , Antibacterianos , Rumen , Virginiamicina , Lasalocido

RESUMEN

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of extruded roughage Foragge® with different additives on intake, digestibility nutrients and nitrogen balance of sheep. Twenty adults, non-pregnant ewes with average weight 68 kg were used. The treatments were extruded roughage with additives (essential oil, virginiamycin, unpurified inactive yeast, tannin and purified inactive yeast). The design was in randomized blocks. The means were contrasted by SNK test, and the fecal score was tested by the Kruskal Wallis test (1952), at 5% significance. There was no difference in the intake of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen, water, water in relation to dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (p > 0.05). As well as the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, the fecal weight, fecal nitrogen, retained nitrogen and nitrogen retained in relation to nitrogen ingested (p > 0.05). However, dry matter intake as a function of body weight and metabolic weight, urinary nitrogen, hemicellulose intake, and hemicellulose as a function of NDF, were higher in the Foragge Factor® treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of different additives in the extruded roughage improved nutritional parameters, without causing disturbances.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Ovinos/fisiología , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Aditivos Alimentarios/análisis , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Taninos/efectos adversos , Levaduras , Aceites Volátiles/efectos adversos , Virginiamicina/efectos adversos , Ionóforos/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to evaluate diets containing monensin (MON) associated or not with virginiamycin (VM) or functional oil based on cashew nut shell and castor beans (FOcc) for beef cattle in feedlots on nutritional (intake and digestibility) and productive parameters. A total of 1410 non-castrated Nellore cattle were selected, with an average age of 18 months and with an initial mean body weight (BW) of 305 ± 41.52 kg. The diet showed a roughage to concentrate ratio of 23:77, with the supply of corn silage as a source of roughage. The following additive inclusions in the diet were evaluated: (1) MON: 27 mg MON/kg dry matter (DM); (2) MON + VM: 22 mg MON/kg DM + 19 mg VM/kg DM; and (3) MON + FOcc: 22 mg MON/kg DM + 500 mg FOcc/kg DM. Statistical analyses were obtained through a linear model using initial BW and days of feedlot as covariables and comparisons between treatments using mutually orthogonal linear contrasts with a 5% significance level. The association or not of MON with VM or FOcc does not affect any of the nutritional and productive parameters evaluated. Animals that receive diets with MON + VM have higher average daily gain and feed efficiency (FE) than those that receive MON + FOcc without showing differences in nutritional parameters. The supply of MON associated with VM or FOcc does not increase intake and productive performance and, consequently, efficiency of feedlot beef cattle. However, in the case of use associated with MON, the VM provides greater performance than FOcc without changing food intake.

Asunto(s)

Monensina , Virginiamicina , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinaria , Fibras de la Dieta , Monensina/farmacología

RESUMEN

Sugarcane yeast and brewer's yeast from ethanol production are widely used as ingredients of animal feed formulations in Brazil. To avoid the contamination of the must in ethanol production refineries, the use of antibiotics is one of the main preventive treatments. Thus, there is a risk of antibiotic residues carry over from yeast to animal feed. This unintentional addition of antibiotics can produce non-compliant feed products, due to regulatory aspects and their toxicity for animals. The results of an exploratory program to assess the occurrence of over 60 antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals in 27 sugarcane yeast and brewer's yeast samples were described. Monensin was present in seven samples with concentrations ranging from 0.47 to 263.5 mg kg-1. Other antibiotics quantitated were virginiamycin (2.25 mg kg-1) and amprolium (0.25 mg kg-1). Monensin in sugarcane yeast may represent a risk for further feeds production, especially for those products intended for sensible species such as equines and rabbits, for which monensin has toxic effects.

Asunto(s)

Alimentación Animal/análisis , Antibacterianos/análisis , Etanol/metabolismo , Levaduras/química , Alimentación Animal/toxicidad , Brasil , Industria de Alimentos , Monensina/análisis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Virginiamicina/análisis

RESUMEN

The ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis to produce virulence factors, such as biofilm, added to its increased resistance to antimicrobials can cause infections that are difficult to treat. Many staphylococcal virulence factors are under the control of the accessory gene regulator (agr). The objective of this study was to establish the agr locus and susceptibility of biofilm-producing S. epidermidis specimens to antimicrobial agents, through PCR reactions, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and to analyze the clonal profile of 300 strains isolated from blood culture specimens from inpatients at a University Hospital in Brazil, over a 20-year period by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) techniques. The ica operon expression was shown in 83.6% strains, bhp gene in 11.5%, and aap gene in 32.8%. Oxacillin resistance was detected in 90.1%, while 4.9% showed tigecycline resistance, and intermediate resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin was identified in 0.4%. Clonal profile determination showed 11 clusters, with the ST2 type determined as the major cluster. The S. epidermidis biofilm producer demonstrated a predominance of agr I locus, oxacillin resistance, and SCCmec III as well as the potential dissemination of pathogenic clones in hospital settings over long periods.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/metabolismo , Brasil , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus/métodos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Virginiamicina/farmacología

RESUMEN

The objective was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin on the performance, dry matter intake, apparent digestibility and ingestive behavior of steers in the initial feedlot phase. The experiment lasted for 30 days, divided into two experimental periods. Thirty-six Angus Nellore steers, non-castrated, with a mean age of 10 months and an average weight of 300 kg, were divided into 18 pens. Animals were assigned to three treatments with six replications each, with the inclusion of the following additives: T1-monensin sodium, dose of 200 mg day-¹; T2-monensin sodium, dose of 125 mg day-¹ + virginiamycin, dose of 125 mg day-¹; and T3-monensin sodium, dose of 200 mgday-¹ + virginiamycin, dose of 125 mg day-¹. All experimental procedures were previously submitted to the UNICENTRO Committee for Ethics in Animal Experimentation (CEUA), and were approved for execution (Official Letter 021/2019). The combination of monensin sodium with virginiamycin at adose of 200 mg + 125 mg animal day-¹ showed greater (P 0.05) difference in DM intake, with a mean value of 7.88 kg animal day-¹. Regardless of the isolated or combined supplementation of the additives, no significant differences were detected in the analysis of the feeder and feces scores, ingestive behavior, and rectal temperature or infrared thermography during the evaluation period. The combination of monensin sodium with virginiamycin at 200 mg + 125 mg animal day-¹ proved to be efficient in the initial feedlot period, determined by the greater weight gain and better feed conversion observed in this study.

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O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito associativo da monensina sódica à virginiamicina sobre o desempenho, consumo de matéria seca, digestibilidade aparente e comportamento ingestivo de novilhos na fase de inicial de confinamento. A duração do experimento foi de 30 dias, divididos em dois períodos experimentais de 15 dias cada. Utilizou-se de 36 novilhos inteiros ½ sangue Angus Nelore, com idade média 10 meses e peso médio de 300 kg, divididos em 18 baias. Os animais foram divididos em três tratamentos com seis repetições cada, com a associação dos seguintes aditivos inclusos as rações: T1 –monensina sódica, dose de 200 mg dia-¹; T2 – monensina sódica, dose de 125 mg dia-¹ + virginiamicina, dose de 125 mg dia-¹; e T3 – monensina sódica, dose de 200 mg dia-¹ + virginiamicina, dose de 125 mgdia-¹. Todos os procedimentos experimentais foram previamente submetidos à apreciação do Comitê de Conduta Ética no Uso de Animais em Experimentação (CEUA) da UNICENTRO, tendo sido aprovados para execução (Ofício n° 021/2019). A associação de monensina sódica com virginiamicina na dose de 200 mg + 125 mg animal dia-¹ apresentou maior (P 0,05) diferença na ingestão de MS, apresentando valor médio de 7,88 kg animal dia-¹. Independentemente da suplementação isolada ou associada dos aditivos, não encontrou-se estatisticamente diferenças na análise dos escores de comedouro e fezes ,comportamento ingestivo e temperatura retal ou termografia infravermelha durante o período avaliativo. A associação de monensina sódica [...].

Asunto(s)

Animales , Bovinos , Aditivos Alimentarios/administración & dosificación , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bovinos/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Virginiamicina/análisis

RESUMEN

The objective was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin on the performance, dry matter intake, apparent digestibility and ingestive behavior of steers in the initial feedlot phase. The experiment lasted for 30 days, divided into two experimental periods. Thirty-six Angus Nellore steers, non-castrated, with a mean age of 10 months and an average weight of 300 kg, were divided into 18 pens. Animals were assigned to three treatments with six replications each, with the inclusion of the following additives: T1-monensin sodium, dose of 200 mg day-¹; T2-monensin sodium, dose of 125 mg day-¹ + virginiamycin, dose of 125 mg day-¹; and T3-monensin sodium, dose of 200 mgday-¹ + virginiamycin, dose of 125 mg day-¹. All experimental procedures were previously submitted to the UNICENTRO Committee for Ethics in Animal Experimentation (CEUA), and were approved for execution (Official Letter 021/2019). The combination of monensin sodium with virginiamycin at adose of 200 mg + 125 mg animal day-¹ showed greater (P < 0.05) average daily weight gain (1.919 kg day-¹) and better feed conversion (4.27 kg DM kg of weight gain-¹) compared to diets with monensinalone (200 mg animal day-¹) or monensin combined with virginiamycin (125 mg + 125 mg animal day1), even with no significant (P> 0.05) difference in DM intake, with a mean value of 7.88 kg animal day-¹. Regardless of the isolated or combined supplementation of the additives, no significant differences were detected in the analysis of the feeder and feces scores, ingestive behavior, and rectal temperature or infrared thermography during the evaluation period. The combination of monensin sodium with virginiamycin at 200 mg + 125 mg animal day-¹ proved to be efficient in the initial feedlot period, determined by the greater weight gain and better feed conversion observed in this study.(AU)

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O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito associativo da monensina sódica à virginiamicina sobre o desempenho, consumo de matéria seca, digestibilidade aparente e comportamento ingestivo de novilhos na fase de inicial de confinamento. A duração do experimento foi de 30 dias, divididos em dois períodos experimentais de 15 dias cada. Utilizou-se de 36 novilhos inteiros ½ sangue Angus Nelore, com idade média 10 meses e peso médio de 300 kg, divididos em 18 baias. Os animais foram divididos em três tratamentos com seis repetições cada, com a associação dos seguintes aditivos inclusos as rações: T1 –monensina sódica, dose de 200 mg dia-¹; T2 monensina sódica, dose de 125 mg dia-¹ + virginiamicina, dose de 125 mg dia-¹; e T3 monensina sódica, dose de 200 mg dia-¹ + virginiamicina, dose de 125 mgdia-¹. Todos os procedimentos experimentais foram previamente submetidos à apreciação do Comitê de Conduta Ética no Uso de Animais em Experimentação (CEUA) da UNICENTRO, tendo sido aprovados para execução (Ofício n° 021/2019). A associação de monensina sódica com virginiamicina na dose de 200 mg + 125 mg animal dia-¹ apresentou maior (P < 0,05) ganho de peso médio diário (1,919 kg dia-¹) e melhor conversão alimentar (4,27 kg de MS kg de ganho de peso-¹) comparativamente as dietas commonensina isolada (200 mg animal dia-¹) ou monensina associada a virginiamicina (125 mg + 125 mg animal dia-¹), mesmo não tendo sido observada (P > 0,05) diferença na ingestão de MS, apresentando valor médio de 7,88 kg animal dia-¹. Independentemente da suplementação isolada ou associada dos aditivos, não encontrou-se estatisticamente diferenças na análise dos escores de comedouro e fezes ,comportamento ingestivo e temperatura retal ou termografia infravermelha durante o período avaliativo. A associação de monensina sódica [...].(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Bovinos , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bovinos/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Aditivos Alimentarios/administración & dosificación , Virginiamicina/análisis

RESUMEN

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of including virginiamycin (VM), sodium monensin (MON) or the association (VM+MON) in the energetic mineral supplement, on the intake and performance of beef cattle on pasture. Forty Nellore heifers with 24 months of age and initial body weight (BW) of 251.5±16.6kg, were distributed in four treatments in a randomized block design. Treatments consisted of adding VM, MON or VM+MON to the supplement (CONT). Additive concentrations were defined to reach a dose of 40 to 45mg/100kg BW. The herbage allowance was not a limiting factor for the animals' intake. Supplement intake was lower than expected, with 33.0, 18.8 and 26.3mg per 100kg BW for VM, MON and VM+MON, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI, mean=2.65% BW) and animal performance were not affected by the inclusion of additives. The average daily gain (ADG) was 0.561kg/animal day-1. The inclusion of additives in energetic mineral supplement does not affect the DMI and the ADG of grazing animals. The variability in supplement intake and daily dose intake of additives may have influenced the performance of the animals. Monensin inclusion presented the less expensive supplementation cost, due to reduction in supplement intake without changing weight gain.(AU)

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Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão dos aditivos virginiamicina (VM), monensina sódica (MON) e associação (VM+MON) no suplemento energético-mineral sobre o consumo e desempenho de bovinos manejados em pastagem de Urochloa Brizantha cv. Marandu. Foram utilizadas 40 novilhas Nelore com 24 meses de idade e peso corporal (PC) inicial médio de 251,5+16,6kg distribuídas em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiam de suplemento energético-mineral (CONT) acrescido de VM, MON ou VM+MON. A oferta de forragem não limitou o consumo dos animais. O consumo dos aditivos foi de 0; 33,0; 18,8 e 26,3mg por 100kg de PC para CONT, VM, MON e VM+MON, respectivamente. O consumo de matéria seca e o desempenho dos animais não foram afetados pela inclusão dos aditivos. O ganho médio diário dos animais foi de 0,561kg dia -1 , sem diferença entre os tratamentos. A inclusão de aditivos no suplemento energético-mineral não alterou o CMS e o desempenho dos animais em pastejo. A variabilidade no consumo de suplemento e na dose ingerida dos aditivos pode ter influenciado o desempenho dos animais.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Monensina/administración & dosificación , Aumento de Peso , Virginiamicina/administración & dosificación , Ionóforos , Aditivos Alimentarios/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass yield, measurements, cuts, and fat deposition of sheep fed banana pseudostem hay and Tifton 85 grass hay, with or without virginiamycin. Thirty-three uncastrated male Dorper × Santa Ines crossbred lambs at five months of age, with an average body weight of 25.00 ± 1.95 kg, were used in a feedlot experiment. The following four diets were evaluated: Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate with virginiamycin, banana pseudostem hay replacing 60% of Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate with virginiamycin, Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate without virginiamycin, and banana pseudostem hay replacing 60% of Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate without virginiamycin. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme, using orthogonal contrasts. The diet replacing 60% Tifton 85 grass hay by banana pseudostem hay without virginiamycin had no effect on carcass traits. The combination of virginiamycin and Tifton 85 grass hay provided increases in warm carcass weight, warm carcass yield, spine, omental and mesenteric fat deposition, and, regardless of roughage, increases in the thoracic perimeter.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o rendimento, as medidas, os cortes e a deposição de gordura em ovinos alimentados com feno de pseudocaule de bananeira e feno de capim-tifton 85, com ou sem virginiamicina. Trinta e dois cordeiros mestiços Dorper × Santa Ines, não castrados, aos cinco meses de idade, com peso corporal médio de 25,00 ± 1,95 kg foram utilizados no experimento em regime de confinamento. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas: feno de capim-Tifton 85 mais concentrado com virginiamicina; feno de pseudocaule de bananeira substituindo em 60% o feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado com virginiamicina; feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado sem virginiamicina; e feno de pseudocaule de bananeira substituindo em 60% o feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado sem virginiamicina, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 em contraste ortogonal. A substituição de 60% do feno de capim Tifton 85 por feno de pseudocaule de bananeira sem virginiamicina na dieta de ovinos não altera suas características de carcaça. A virginiamicina associada ao feno de capim Tífton 85 proporcionou aumento do peso de carcaça quente e do rendimento de carcaça quente, aumento do espinhaço, aumento das deposições de gorduras omental e mesentérica e, independente dos volumosos, aumento do perímetro torácico.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Carne Roja/análisis , Tallos de la Planta , Musa , Ovinos , Alimentación Animal , Virginiamicina

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass yield, measurements, cuts, and fat deposition of sheep fed banana pseudostem hay and Tifton 85 grass hay, with or without virginiamycin. Thirty-three uncastrated male Dorper × Santa Ines crossbred lambs at five months of age, with an average body weight of 25.00 ± 1.95 kg, were used in a feedlot experiment. The following four diets were evaluated: Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate with virginiamycin, banana pseudostem hay replacing 60% of Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate with virginiamycin, Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate without virginiamycin, and banana pseudostem hay replacing 60% of Tifton 85 grass hay plus concentrate without virginiamycin. The experiment was set in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme, using orthogonal contrasts. The diet replacing 60% Tifton 85 grass hay by banana pseudostem hay without virginiamycin had no effect on carcass traits. The combination of virginiamycin and Tifton 85 grass hay provided increases in warm carcass weight, warm carcass yield, spine, omental and mesenteric fat deposition, and, regardless of roughage, increases in the thoracic perimeter.(AU)

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o rendimento, as medidas, os cortes e a deposição de gordura em ovinos alimentados com feno de pseudocaule de bananeira e feno de capim-tifton 85, com ou sem virginiamicina. Trinta e dois cordeiros mestiços Dorper × Santa Ines, não castrados, aos cinco meses de idade, com peso corporal médio de 25,00 ± 1,95 kg foram utilizados no experimento em regime de confinamento. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas: feno de capim-Tifton 85 mais concentrado com virginiamicina; feno de pseudocaule de bananeira substituindo em 60% o feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado com virginiamicina; feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado sem virginiamicina; e feno de pseudocaule de bananeira substituindo em 60% o feno de capim Tifton 85 mais concentrado sem virginiamicina, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x2 em contraste ortogonal. A substituição de 60% do feno de capim Tifton 85 por feno de pseudocaule de bananeira sem virginiamicina na dieta de ovinos não altera suas características de carcaça. A virginiamicina associada ao feno de capim Tífton 85 proporcionou aumento do peso de carcaça quente e do rendimento de carcaça quente, aumento do espinhaço, aumento das deposições de gorduras omental e mesentérica e, independente dos volumosos, aumento do perímetro torácico.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ovinos , Carne Roja/análisis , Musa , Alimentación Animal , Tallos de la Planta , Virginiamicina

RESUMEN

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of including virginiamycin (VM), sodium monensin (MON) or the association (VM+MON) in the energetic mineral supplement, on the intake and performance of beef cattle on pasture. Forty Nellore heifers with 24 months of age and initial body weight (BW) of 251.5±16.6kg, were distributed in four treatments in a randomized block design. Treatments consisted of adding VM, MON or VM+MON to the supplement (CONT). Additive concentrations were defined to reach a dose of 40 to 45mg/100kg BW. The herbage allowance was not a limiting factor for the animals' intake. Supplement intake was lower than expected, with 33.0, 18.8 and 26.3mg per 100kg BW for VM, MON and VM+MON, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI, mean=2.65% BW) and animal performance were not affected by the inclusion of additives. The average daily gain (ADG) was 0.561kg/animal day-1. The inclusion of additives in energetic mineral supplement does not affect the DMI and the ADG of grazing animals. The variability in supplement intake and daily dose intake of additives may have influenced the performance of the animals. Monensin inclusion presented the less expensive supplementation cost, due to reduction in supplement intake without changing weight gain.(AU)

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Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão dos aditivos virginiamicina (VM), monensina sódica (MON) e associação (VM+MON) no suplemento energético-mineral sobre o consumo e desempenho de bovinos manejados em pastagem de Urochloa Brizantha cv. Marandu. Foram utilizadas 40 novilhas Nelore com 24 meses de idade e peso corporal (PC) inicial médio de 251,5+16,6kg distribuídas em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos. Os tratamentos consistiam de suplemento energético-mineral (CONT) acrescido de VM, MON ou VM+MON. A oferta de forragem não limitou o consumo dos animais. O consumo dos aditivos foi de 0; 33,0; 18,8 e 26,3mg por 100kg de PC para CONT, VM, MON e VM+MON, respectivamente. O consumo de matéria seca e o desempenho dos animais não foram afetados pela inclusão dos aditivos. O ganho médio diário dos animais foi de 0,561kg dia -1 , sem diferença entre os tratamentos. A inclusão de aditivos no suplemento energético-mineral não alterou o CMS e o desempenho dos animais em pastejo. A variabilidade no consumo de suplemento e na dose ingerida dos aditivos pode ter influenciado o desempenho dos animais.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Monensina/administración & dosificación , Aumento de Peso , Virginiamicina/administración & dosificación , Ionóforos , Aditivos Alimentarios/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

The rumen is the most studied organ with regard to the symbiotic interaction between host and microbiota in the digestive tract of ruminants. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of including virginiamycin and salinomycin to the supplement for cattle fed tropical grass diet during the rainy season. Three treatments were set: control - mineral supplement COMIGO - Cria 61-F2 (MS); virginiamycin - MS + virginiamycin (Phigrow (r)) 100 mg/animal/day; salinomycin - MS + salinomycin (Posistac(r)) 108 mg/animal/day for the experiment 1 (performance) and experiment 2 (ruminal metabolism). The control showed higher Mineral supplement intake (MSI) (P <0.05), the virginiamycin had higher average daily gain (ADG) (P> 0.05) and better financial efficiency. Biometric measurements showed no differences (P> 0.05), suggesting a change in the ADG composition. There was no difference (P> 0.05) for dry matter digestibility (DMDIS), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFDIS), ruminal pH and ammoniacal-N. The virginiamycin had the highest effective neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability (P> 0.05) in the passage rates of 2 and 5%; the degradability rates were similar to control treatement and higher than that of salinomycin at the rate of 8%/hour. The virginiamycin or salinomycin can be conveyed to the MS, but do not promote significant effects on ruminal pH, ammoniacal-N, DMDIS and ADFDIS; but virginiamycin promoted greater effective degradability of NDF.(AU)

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O rúmen é o órgão mais estudado no que se refere à interação simbiótica entre hospedeiro e a microbiota do trato digestivo dos ruminantes. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de virginiamicina e de salinomicina ao suplemento para bovinos de corte com dieta de gramínea tropical no período das águas. Foram constituídos três tratamentos: controle - suplemento mineral COMIGO - Cria 61 - F2 (SM); virginiamicina - SM + virginiamicina (Phigrow(r)) 100 mg/animal/dia; salinomicina - SM + salinomicina (Posistac(r)) 108 mg/animal/dia, para o experimento 1 (desempenho) e experimento 2 (metabolismo ruminal). O controle apresentou maior CSM (P<0,05), o virginiamicina maior GMD (P>0,05) e melhor eficiência financeira. As medidas biométricas não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05), sugerindo que haja uma mudança na composição do GMD. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para DISMS, DISFDA, pH ruminal e N- amoniacal. A virginiamicina apresentou as maiores degradabilidade efetiva da FDN (P>0,05) nas taxas de passagem de 2 e 5%, e semelhante ao controle e maior que salinomicina na taxa de 8%/hora. A virginiamicina ou a salinomicina, podem ser veiculados ao SM, contudo não promovem efeitos significativos no pH ruminal, no N-amoniacal, na DISMS e da DISFDA, mas a virginiamicina promoveu maior degradabilidade efetiva da FDN.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Bovinos , Virginiamicina/administración & dosificación , Aditivos Alimentarios , Antiinfecciosos/análisis , Amoníaco , Rumen/química , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Periodontal diseases are multifactorial infectious processes caused by complexes of microorganisms, with damage to health, production, and animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of virginiamycin in the prevention and control of two early forms of periodontal disease: gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis. Ten weaned calves, aged four to six months, were permanently kept in a single lot under the same rotational grazing regime in a newly reformed area of Panicum maximum. Five of the calves were orally administered 340mg of virginiamycin (Virginiamycin Group) daily for a period of 18 weeks, while the remaining five calves (Control Group) remained under the same food management but did not receive virginiamycin. During this period, animals underwent 18 weekly evaluations regarding periodontal health, with monitoring and recording of clinical parameters of the eight deciduous incisor teeth on the labial and lingual faces. At approximately two-week intervals, nine collections of subgingival sulcus material from five sites of the four right incisor teeth of each animal were performed and subjected to microbiological evaluation using polymerase chain reaction with primers of 25 microorganisms considered potentially pathogenic. After 1440 periodontal clinical evaluations of incisor teeth of the 10 calves, a total of 395 episodes of gingivitis were recorded, of which 267 occurred in the Control Group and 128 in the Virginiamycin Group. Similarly, 89 episodes of necrotizing gingivitis were recorded; 58 in the Control Group and 31 in the Virginiamycin Group. Comparison of between-group means found significant differences for teeth with gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis (t test; p<0.05). The total number of teeth with gingivitis (p<0.01) and necrotizing gingivitis (p<0.01) in Control Group was significantly higher than that of gingivitis (p<0.01) and necrotizing gingivitis (p<0.05) in the Virginiamycin Group...(AU)

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As doenças periodontais são processos infecciosos multifatoriais causados por complexos de micro-organismos, que provocam danos à saúde, produção e ao bem-estar animal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar a eficácia da virginiamicina na prevenção e controle de duas formas de doença periodontal; a gengivite e a gengivite necrosante. Assim, dez bezerros desmamados, com idade entre 4 e 6 meses, foram mantidos permanentemente em lote único e sob o mesmo regime de pastejo rotacionado em área reformada de Panicum maximum. Cinco bezerros receberam via oral 340mg de virginiamicina (Grupo Virginiamicina) diariamente, por um período de dezoito semanas, enquanto o Grupo Controle permaneceu sob o mesmo manejo alimentar, mas sem receber a virginiamicina. No período, os animais passaram por 18 avaliações semanais quanto à saúde periodontal, com monitoramento e registro dos parâmetros clínicos dos oito dentes incisivos decíduos, nas suas faces labial e lingual. Em intervalos aproximadamente quinzenais foram realizadas nove coletas de material do sulco subgengival de cinco sítios de quatro dentes incisivos direitos de cada animal para avaliação microbiológica, com o emprego da reação em cadeia da polimerase e com iniciadores de 25 micro-organismos considerados potencialmente patogênicos. Ao final das 1440 avaliações clínicas periodontais dos dentes incisivos dos dez bezerros, pôde-se registrar um total de 395 episódios de dentes com gengivite, nos quais 267 foram registrados no Grupo Controle e 128 no Grupo Virginiamicina...(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Lactante , Bovinos , Enfermedades Periodontales/veterinaria , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Virginiamicina/uso terapéutico , Gingivitis/veterinaria

RESUMEN

Periodontal diseases are multifactorial infectious processes caused by complexes of microorganisms, with damage to health, production, and animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of virginiamycin in the prevention and control of two early forms of periodontal disease: gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis. Ten weaned calves, aged four to six months, were permanently kept in a single lot under the same rotational grazing regime in a newly reformed area of Panicum maximum. Five of the calves were orally administered 340mg of virginiamycin (Virginiamycin Group) daily for a period of 18 weeks, while the remaining five calves (Control Group) remained under the same food management but did not receive virginiamycin. During this period, animals underwent 18 weekly evaluations regarding periodontal health, with monitoring and recording of clinical parameters of the eight deciduous incisor teeth on the labial and lingual faces. At approximately two-week intervals, nine collections of subgingival sulcus material from five sites of the four right incisor teeth of each animal were performed and subjected to microbiological evaluation using polymerase chain reaction with primers of 25 microorganisms considered potentially pathogenic. After 1440 periodontal clinical evaluations of incisor teeth of the 10 calves, a total of 395 episodes of gingivitis were recorded, of which 267 occurred in the Control Group and 128 in the Virginiamycin Group. Similarly, 89 episodes of necrotizing gingivitis were recorded; 58 in the Control Group and 31 in the Virginiamycin Group. Comparison of between-group means found significant differences for teeth with gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis (t test; p<0.05). The total number of teeth with gingivitis (p<0.01) and necrotizing gingivitis (p<0.01) in Control Group was significantly higher than that of gingivitis (p<0.01) and necrotizing gingivitis (p<0.05) in the Virginiamycin Group. There was a positive correlation between total occurrence of gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in the Virginiamycin Group by Pearson's test. Virginiamycin had a protective effect on treated animals compared with the Control Group (OR = 0.36: CI (95%) = 0.27-0.43). In the Control Group, Actinomyces israelli (4.74%), domain Archaea (1.58%), Eikenella corrodens (1.05%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (27.37%), class Mollicutes (5.26%); Porphyromonas endodontalis(5.26%); Porphyromonas gulae(0.53%), Prevotella buccae (6.32%), Prevotella loescheii (3.68%), Prevotella nigrescens (8.42%), Prevotella oralis (1.58%), Tannerella forsythia (0.53%), and Treponema denticola (4.21%) were detected at healthy sites, and gingivitis or necrotizing gingivitis samples. In the Virginiamycin Group, A. israelli (3.41%), domain Archaea (0.98%), F. nucleatum (9.27%), class Mollicutes(4.39%), P. endodontalis (4.39%), P. gulae (0.49%), P. buccae (8.29%), P. loescheii (6.83%), P. nigrescens (15.61%), P. oralis (1.46%), Selenomonas sputigena (0.49%), T. forsythia (0.49%), and T. denticola (2.44%) were detected. In conclusion, virginiamycin administered at a dosage of 340mg/animal/day significantly reduced the occurrence of gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in cattle maintained on reformed pastures, and was revealed to have action against periodontal bacterial microbiota considered to be potentially pathogenic.(AU)

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As doenças periodontais são processos infecciosos multifatoriais causados por complexos de micro-organismos, que provocam danos à saúde, produção e ao bem-estar animal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar a eficácia da virginiamicina na prevenção e controle de duas formas de doença periodontal; a gengivite e a gengivite necrosante. Assim, dez bezerros desmamados, com idade entre 4 e 6 meses, foram mantidos permanentemente em lote único e sob o mesmo regime de pastejo rotacionado em área reformada de Panicum maximum. Cinco bezerros receberam via oral 340mg de virginiamicina (Grupo Virginiamicina) diariamente, por um período de dezoito semanas, enquanto o Grupo Controle permaneceu sob o mesmo manejo alimentar, mas sem receber a virginiamicina. No período, os animais passaram por 18 avaliações semanais quanto à saúde periodontal, com monitoramento e registro dos parâmetros clínicos dos oito dentes incisivos decíduos, nas suas faces labial e lingual. Em intervalos aproximadamente quinzenais foram realizadas nove coletas de material do sulco subgengival de cinco sítios de quatro dentes incisivos direitos de cada animal para avaliação microbiológica, com o emprego da reação em cadeia da polimerase e com iniciadores de 25 micro-organismos considerados potencialmente patogênicos. Ao final das 1440 avaliações clínicas periodontais dos dentes incisivos dos dez bezerros, pôde-se registrar um total de 395 episódios de dentes com gengivite, nos quais 267 foram registrados no Grupo Controle e 128 no Grupo Virginiamicina. De forma semelhante, do total de 89 registros de gengivite necrosante, 58 foram no Grupo Controle e 31 no Grupo Virginiamicina. Na comparação entre médias dos grupos as diferenças encontradas para dentes com gengivite e gengivite necrosante foram significativas pelo teste t (p<0,05). Assim, o total de dentes com gengivite (p<0,01) e gengivite necrosante (p<0,01) no Grupo Controle, foi significativamente superior ao de gengivite (p<0,01) e gengivite necrosante (p<0,05) do Grupo Virginiamicina. Houve correlação positiva entre o total de ocorrência de gengivite e gengivite necrosante no Grupo Virginiamicina pelo teste de Pearson. A virginiamicina possuiu um efeito protetor nos animais tratados em comparação com o controle (OR = 0,36: IC (95%) = 0,27-0,43). Na avaliação microbiológica do Grupo Controle foram detectados nas amostras de sítios sadios, com gengivite ou com gengivite necrosante Actinomyces israelli (4,74%), domínio Archaea (1,58%), Eikenella corrodens (1,05%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (27,37%), classe Mollicutes (5,26%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (5,26%), Porphyromonas gulae (0,53%), Prevotella buccae (6,32%), Prevotella loescheii (3,68%), Prevotella nigrescens (8,42%), Prevotella oralis (1,58%), Tannerella forsythia (0,53%) e Treponema denticola (4,21%). Enquanto no Grupo Virginiamicina foram detectados: A. israelli (3,41%), domínio Archaea (0,98%), F. nucleatum (9,27%), classe Mollicutes (4,39%), P. endodontalis (4,39%), P. gulae (0,49%), P. buccae (8,29%), P. loescheii (6,83%), P. nigrescens (15,61%), P. oralis (1,46%), Selenomonas sputigena (0,49%), T. forsythia (0,49%) e T. denticola (2,44%). Em conclusão, a virginiamicina administrada na dosagem de 340mg/animal/dia reduziu significativamente a ocorrência da gengivite e gengivite necrosante em bovinos mantidos em pastos reformados e revelou ter ação frente à microbiota bacteriana periodontal considerada potencialmente patogênica.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Lactante , Bovinos , Enfermedades Periodontales/veterinaria , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Virginiamicina/uso terapéutico , Gingivitis/veterinaria