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BACKGROUND: The proportion of intense tropical cyclones is expected to increase in a changing climate. However, there is currently no consistent and comprehensive assessment of infectious disease risk following tropical cyclone exposure across countries and over decades. We aimed to explore the tropical cyclone-associated hospitalisation risks and burden for cause-specific infectious diseases on a multi-country scale. METHODS: Hospitalisation records for infectious diseases were collected from six countries and territories (Canada, South Korea, New Zealand, Taiwan, Thailand, and Viet Nam) during various periods between 2000 and 2019. The days with tropical cyclone-associated maximum sustained windspeeds of 34 knots or higher derived from a parametric wind field model were considered as tropical cyclone exposure days. The association of monthly infectious diseases hospitalisations and tropical cyclone exposure days was first examined at location level using a distributed lag non-linear quasi-Poisson regression model, and then pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The tropical cyclone-attributable number and fraction of infectious disease hospitalisations were also calculated. FINDINGS: Overall, 2·2 million people who were hospitalised for infectious diseases in 179 locations that had at least one tropical cyclone exposure day in the six countries and territories were included in the analysis. The elevated hospitalisation risks for infectious diseases associated with tropical cyclones tended to dissipate 2 months after the tropical cyclone exposure. Overall, each additional tropical cyclone day was associated with a 9% (cumulative relative risk 1·09 [95% CI 1·05-1·14]) increase in hospitalisations for all-cause infectious diseases, 13% (1·13 [1·05-1·21]) for intestinal infectious diseases, 14% (1·14 [1·05-1·23]) for sepsis, and 22% (1·22 [1·03-1·46]) for dengue during the 2 months after a tropical cyclone. Associations of tropical cyclones with hospitalisations for tuberculosis and malaria were not significant. In total, 0·72% (95% CI 0·40-1·01) of the hospitalisations for all-cause infectious diseases, 0·33% (0·15-0·49) for intestinal infectious diseases, 1·31% (0·57-1·95) for sepsis, and 0·63% (0·10-1·04) for dengue were attributable to tropical cyclone exposures. The attributable burdens were higher among young populations (aged ≤19 years) and male individuals compared with their counterparts, especially for intestinal infectious diseases. The heterogeneous spatiotemporal pattern was further revealed at the country and territory level-tropical cyclone-attributable fractions showed a decreasing trend in South Korea during the study period but an increasing trend in Viet Nam, Taiwan, and New Zealand. INTERPRETATION: Tropical cyclones were associated with persistent elevated hospitalisation risks of infectious diseases (particularly sepsis and intestinal infectious diseases). Targeted interventions should be formulated for different populations, regions, and causes of infectious diseases based on evidence on tropical cyclone epidemiology to respond to the increasing risk and burden. FUNDING: Australian Research Council, Australian National Health, and Medical Research Council.
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Enfermedades Transmisibles , Tormentas Ciclónicas , Hospitalización , Humanos , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Vietnam/epidemiología , República de Corea/epidemiología , Taiwán/epidemiología , Canadá/epidemiología , Tailandia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the proportion and risk factors of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial arrhythmias (AA) in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Vietnam. Patients and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at two major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, from January 2022 to January 2023. A total of 197 AECOPD patients were recruited. ECG and 24-hour Holter ECG were used to diagnose paroxysmal AF and AA. Results: The prevalence of paroxysmal AF and AA were 15.2% and 72.6%, respectively. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of paroxysmal AF included aging 75 years old and above (aOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.28 to 8.48), Premature atrial complex (PAC) with 500 or more (aOR = 3.81; 95% CI: 1.48 to 10.97) and severity of COPD as group C and D (aOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 1.28 to 10.50). For AA, aging 75 years old and above (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.28 to 5.20), smoking (aOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.07 to 4.23) and P wave dispersion (PWD) with 40 milliseconds or more (aOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.54 to 6.19) were associated with a higher likelihood of AA. Conclusion: Overall, our findings highlight the associated factors with the paroxysmal AF and AA among AECOPD patients. This underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to risk assessment and management in this vulnerable population, focusing not only on respiratory symptoms but also on comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation and intervention.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Hospitalización , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/terapia , Anciano , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilación Atrial/fisiopatología , Fibrilación Atrial/terapia , Masculino , Prevalencia , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Vietnam/epidemiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Edad , Medición de Riesgo , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Complejos Atriales Prematuros/epidemiología , Complejos Atriales Prematuros/diagnóstico , Complejos Atriales Prematuros/fisiopatología , Electrocardiografía AmbulatoriaRESUMEN
Objective: To investigate the cause of a foodborne outbreak that occurred in Dong Nai province, Viet Nam, in 2024, and implement control measures. Methods: An initial investigation was conducted to confirm the outbreak, which was followed by epidemiological and environmental investigations to find the plausible causative food item. Clinical specimens and food samples were tested to identify the pathogen. Results: A total of 547 symptomatic cases were recorded, of whom two were in severe condition requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventilation, one of whom died. Among 99 interviewed cases, the mean incubation time was 9 hours (range 2-24 hours), with the main symptoms being fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting. All patients had eaten banh mi from a local bakery. Salmonella spp. were identified in food samples and clinical specimens. The bakery halted production, and the outbreak ended after 1 week. Discussion: All the patients were exposed to only one food in common, which facilitated the investigation process. This outbreak is a reminder to small retailers and take-away shops of the importance of food safety management in preventing similar future outbreaks. All food handlers must comply with food hygiene principles, especially in hot temperatures, which boosts bacterial growth.
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Brotes de Enfermedades , Intoxicación Alimentaria por Salmonella , Humanos , Vietnam/epidemiología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Intoxicación Alimentaria por Salmonella/epidemiología , Intoxicación Alimentaria por Salmonella/microbiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Lactante , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Microbiología de Alimentos , AncianoRESUMEN
While selenium is a cofactor of several antioxidant enzymes against cancer and is essential for human health, its excess intake may also be harmful. Though a safe intake of selenium has recently been recommended, it is not well understood in the Asian population. We aimed to determine the association between dietary intake of selenium and cancer risk in a case-control study of 3758 incident cancer cases (i.e., stomach, colon, rectum, lung cancers, and other sites) and 2929 control subjects in Vietnam. Daily intake of selenium was derived from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between selenium intake and cancer risk. We observed a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk. A safe intake ranged from 110.8 to 124.4 µg/day (mean 117.8 µg/day). Compared to individuals with the safe intake of selenium, individuals with the lowest intake (i.e., 27.8-77.2 µg/day) were associated with an increased risk of cancer (OR = 3.78, 95% CI 2.89-4.95) and those with the highest intake (169.1-331.7 µg/day) also had an increased cancer risk (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.45-2.39). A U-shaped pattern of association between selenium intake and cancer risk was stronger among participants with body mass index (BMI) < 23 kg/m2 and never smokers than BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and ever smokers (P'sheterogeneity = 0.003 and 0.021, respectively) but found in both never and ever-drinkers of alcohol (Pheterogeneity = 0.001). A U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk was seen in cancer sites of the stomach, colon, rectum, and lung cancers. In summary, we found a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk and a safe selenium intake (mean: 117.8 µg/day) in the Vietnamese population. Further mechanistic investigation is warranted to understand better a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk.
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Neoplasias , Selenio , Humanos , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Selenio/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/etiología , Vietnam/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Adulto , Oportunidad Relativa , Dieta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Measles remains a major public health burden worldwide. Parents often hesitate to vaccinate children with chronic diseases. We investigated the association between the percentage of vaccination and chronic diseases and explore hospital infections' role in the 2017-2019 measles outbreak across northern Vietnam provinces. METHODS: A total of 2,064 children aged 0-15 years old admitted for measles to the National Children's Hospital during the outbreak were included in the study. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, vaccination statuses and laboratory examination were extracted from electronic medical records, vaccination records, or interviews with parents when other sources were unavailable. RESULTS: The incidence rate that provincial hospitals sent to the National Children's Hospital was proportional to the population density of their provinces of residence. Early nosocomial transmission of measles was observed before community-acquired cases emerged in many provinces. Among patients aged over 18 months, those with chronic diseases had a proportion of vaccination of 9.4%, lower than patients without chronic diseases at 32.4%. Unvaccinated patients had a higher proportion of hospital-acquired infections with aOR = 2.42 (1.65-3.65), p < 0.001 relative to vaccinated patients. The proportion of hospital-acquired infections was higher among children with chronic diseases compared to those without, with aOR = 3.81 (2.90-5.02), p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Measles spread in healthcare settings prior to community cases that occurred in several provinces. We recommend enhancing hospital infection control by increasing staff training and improving early detection and isolation during non-outbreak periods. Measles patients with chronic diseases exhibited lower proportions of vaccination and faced a higher risk of hospital-acquired infections. It is crucial to establish comprehensive vaccination guidelines and enhance parental awareness regarding the significance and safety of measles vaccination to protect these vulnerable individuals.
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Infección Hospitalaria , Brotes de Enfermedades , Vacuna Antisarampión , Sarampión , Vacunación , Humanos , Vietnam/epidemiología , Sarampión/epidemiología , Sarampión/prevención & control , Preescolar , Niño , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Masculino , Lactante , Adolescente , Femenino , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Recién Nacido , Vacuna Antisarampión/administración & dosificación , IncidenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The mortality risk of co-infections/secondary infections (CoI/ScI) is under-reported in patients with non-critical COVID-19, leading to the under-management of CoI/ScI and publication bias in the medical literature. We aimed to investigate the association between CoI/ScI and mortality in patients hospitalised with mild-to-severe COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a COVID-19 treatment hospital in Vietnam and collected all eligible medical records, with CoI/ScI status as the exposure (non-CoI/ScI and CoI/ScI, with the latter including nature of pathogen [bacterial, fungal, or bacterial + fungal] and multidrug-resistance pathogen [no MDRp or ≥ 1 MDRp]). The outcome was all-cause mortality, defined as in-hospital death by all causes or being discharged under critical illness. We used time-dependent analysis to report rates of mortality with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI, Poisson regression) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI (Cox proportional hazards regression with Holm's method for multiplicity control). RESULTS: We followed 1466 patients (median age 61, 56.4% being female) for a median of 9 days. We recorded 387 (26.4%) deaths (95/144 [66.0%] in the CoI/ScI group and 292/1322 [22.1%] in the non-CoI/ScI group). Adjusted mortality rates (per 100 person-days) of the CoI/ScI (6.4, 95% CI 5.3 to 7.8), including bacterial (8.0, 95% CI 7.2 to 8.9), no MDRp (5.9, 95% CI 4.8 to 7.4), and ≥ 1 MDRp (9.0, 95% CI 8.2 to 10.0) groups were higher than that of the non-CoI/ScI group (2.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.2). These corresponded to higher risks of mortality in the overall CoI/ScI (HR 3.27, 95% CI 2.58 to 4.13, adjusted p < 0.001), bacterial CoI/ScI (HR 3.79, 95% CI 2.97 to 4.83, adjusted p < 0.001), no MDRp CoI/ScI (HR 3.13, 95% CI 2.42 to 4.05, adjusted p < 0.001), and ≥ 1 MDRp CoI/ScI group (HR 3.89, 95% CI 2.44 to 6.21, adjusted p < 0.001). We could not attain reliable estimates for fungal and bacterial + fungal CoI/ScI. CONCLUSION: Compared with the non-CoI/ScI group, patients with CoI/ScI had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of resistance status. More evidence is needed to confirm the mortality risks in patients with fungal or bacterial + fungal CoI/ScI.
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COVID-19 , Coinfección , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Vietnam/epidemiología , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Coinfección/mortalidad , Coinfección/epidemiología , Coinfección/microbiología , Anciano , Adulto , Infecciones Bacterianas/mortalidad , Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Micosis/epidemiología , Micosis/mortalidad , Micosis/microbiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Mortalidad HospitalariaRESUMEN
Malnutrition is common among older inpatients and can lead to severe consequences such as disability, assisted living, increased mortality, and prolonged hospital stays. Given the rapidly aging population in Vietnam, limited data is available regarding the nutritional status of the geriatric. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among the hospitalized elderly. A prospective observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 108 older inpatients at University Medical Center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Patients aged 60 years or older admitted to the hospital were recruited. Malnutrition was assessed using a validated Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form. Sociodemographic characteristics were measured using interview-administered questionnaires. Data about patients' biochemical parameters were retrieved from records with the newest results. Among 108 hospitalized patients (mean age 74.6â ±â 9.8 years; 50% female), 72.2% of patients had malnutrition (nâ =â 78) while 27.8% had normal nutritional status (nâ =â 30). Age group, education level, cohabitation, serum albumin, hand-drip strength, physical inactivity, and frailty were associated with malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly accounts for a very high proportion. Nutritional status assessment is essential for the elderly; therefore, more attention should be paid to those risk factors in old age health care in order to improve medical outcomes.
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Hospitalización , Desnutrición , Evaluación Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Anciano , Vietnam/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Prospectivos , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Despite the successful efforts in controlling malaria in Vietnam, the disease remains a significant health concern, particularly in Central Vietnam. This study aimed to assess correlations between environmental, climatic, and socio-economic factors in the district with malaria cases. METHODS: The study was conducted in 15 provinces in Central Vietnam from January 2018 to December 2022. Monthly malaria cases were obtained from the Institute of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology Quy Nhon, Vietnam. Environmental, climatic, and socio-economic data were retrieved using a Google Earth Engine script. A multivariable Zero-inflated Poisson regression was undertaken using a Bayesian framework with spatial and spatiotemporal random effects with a conditional autoregressive prior structure. The posterior random effects were estimated using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation with Gibbs sampling. RESULTS: There was a total of 5,985 Plasmodium falciparum and 2,623 Plasmodium vivax cases during the study period. Plasmodium falciparum risk increased by five times (95% credible interval [CrI] 4.37, 6.74) for each 1-unit increase of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) without lag and by 8% (95% CrI 7%, 9%) for every 1ºC increase in maximum temperature (TMAX) at a 6-month lag. While a decrease in risk of 1% (95% CrI 0%, 1%) for a 1 mm increase in precipitation with a 6-month lag was observed. A 1-unit increase in NDVI at a 1-month lag was associated with a four-fold increase (95% CrI 2.95, 4.90) in risk of P. vivax. In addition, the risk increased by 6% (95% CrI 5%, 7%) and 3% (95% CrI 1%, 5%) for each 1ºC increase in land surface temperature during daytime with a 6-month lag and TMAX at a 4-month lag, respectively. Spatial analysis showed a higher mean malaria risk of both species in the Central Highlands and southeast parts of Central Vietnam and a lower risk in the northern and north-western areas. CONCLUSION: Identification of environmental, climatic, and socio-economic risk factors and spatial malaria clusters are crucial for designing adaptive strategies to maximize the impact of limited public health resources toward eliminating malaria in Vietnam.
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Teorema de Bayes , Clima , Malaria Falciparum , Malaria Vivax , Factores Socioeconómicos , Análisis Espacio-Temporal , Vietnam/epidemiología , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Malaria Vivax/epidemiología , Humanos , Ambiente , Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivax/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed significant challenges in disease forecasting and in developing a public health response, emphasizing the need to manage missing data from various sources in making accurate forecasts. Objective: We aimed to show how handling missing data can affect estimates of the COVID-19 incidence rate (CIR) in different pandemic situations. Methods: This study used data from the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 surveillance system at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Vietnam. We separated the available data set into 3 distinct periods: zero COVID-19, transition, and new normal. We randomly removed 5% to 30% of data that were missing completely at random, with a break of 5% at each time point in the variable daily caseload of COVID-19. We selected 7 analytical methods to assess the effects of handling missing data and calculated statistical and epidemiological indices to measure the effectiveness of each method. Results: Our study examined missing data imputation performance across 3 study time periods: zero COVID-19 (n=3149), transition (n=1290), and new normal (n=9288). Imputation analyses showed that K-nearest neighbor (KNN) had the lowest mean absolute percentage change (APC) in CIR across the range (5% to 30%) of missing data. For instance, with 15% missing data, KNN resulted in 10.6%, 10.6%, and 9.7% average bias across the zero COVID-19, transition, and new normal periods, compared to 39.9%, 51.9%, and 289.7% with the maximum likelihood method. The autoregressive integrated moving average model showed the greatest mean APC in the mean number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 during each COVID-19 containment cycle (CCC) when we imputed the missing data in the zero COVID-19 period, rising from 226.3% at the 5% missing level to 6955.7% at the 30% missing level. Imputing missing data with median imputation methods had the lowest bias in the average number of confirmed cases in each CCC at all levels of missing data. In detail, in the 20% missing scenario, while median imputation had an average bias of 16.3% for confirmed cases in each CCC, which was lower than the KNN figure, maximum likelihood imputation showed a bias on average of 92.4% for confirmed cases in each CCC, which was the highest figure. During the new normal period in the 25% and 30% missing data scenarios, KNN imputation had average biases for CIR and confirmed cases in each CCC ranging from 21% to 32% for both, while maximum likelihood and moving average imputation showed biases on average above 250% for both CIR and confirmed cases in each CCC. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the importance of understanding that the specific imputation method used by investigators should be tailored to the specific epidemiological context and data collection environment to ensure reliable estimates of the CIR.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Incidencia , Vietnam/epidemiología , Análisis de Datos , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Pandemias , Análisis de Datos SecundariosRESUMEN
Objective: The risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from schoolchildren to their household and the protective effects of vaccination in these settings remain poorly understood. We assessed the transmission dynamics of schoolchildren with SARS-CoV-2 within their households and the protective effects of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination among household members in Viet Nam. Methods: We estimated the attack rate, vaccine effectiveness and adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission to household contacts of children confirmed to have COVID-19 who attended three schools in Ha Nam, Phu Tho and Thanh Hoa provinces between September and December 2021 using multivariable regression with household-level random effects. Results: This retrospective cohort study included 157 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their 540 household contacts. The attack rate among household contacts was 24.6% (133/540). Overall, vaccine effectiveness among household contacts was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1 to -63), higher among males than females and higher in adults aged > 40 years. COVID-19 transmission was greater among female household contacts compared with males (aRR: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.95), although not statistically significant, and highest among those aged 19-39 years (aRR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.50 to 4.21). Fully vaccinated household contacts had significantly lower infection risk (aRR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.84). Discussion: We found substantial onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from schoolchildren to household members, and older people were more likely to be protected by vaccination. We recommend that schoolchildren and all household members living with schoolchildren receive at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Recognizing the role of schoolchildren in the onward transmission of COVID-19 is an important lesson learned by Viet Nam that can help not only in managing other outbreaks but also in protecting schoolchildren by predicting the progress of the outbreak and preparing for a timely response.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/transmisión , Vietnam/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Eficacia de las Vacunas/estadística & datos numéricos , Instituciones Académicas , Composición Familiar , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Preescolar , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This study aimed to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of TBI patients in Vietnam and evaluate the associated factors. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted in Thai Binh, Vietnam, from February to September 2020. The EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) and EQ-Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) were used to measure HRQOL. Socio-demographic characteristics, including age, gender, education level, employment status, marital status, and income, as well as clinical characteristics such as injury severity, cause of injury, comorbidities, and functional status, were collected through patient interviews and medical records. Multivariate Tobit regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with HRQOL. RESULTS: The study included 212 TBI patients. The mean scores of the VAS and EQ-5D-5L scales were 82.4/100 (SD = 14.49) and 0.9/1.0 (SD = 0.2), respectively, indicating a relatively high HRQOL. However, certain factors significantly impacted HRQOL. Unemployed patients and those with depression or higher injury severity, as measured by the Injury Severity Score (ISS), had notably lower HRQOL scores. Poor sleep quality and severe functional impairments also adversely affected HRQOL, whereas patients discharged for a longer period had slightly better HRQOL scores. CONCLUSION: This study highlights that while HRQOL is relatively high among TBI patients, mental health disorders, injury severity, and functional impairments are key factors negatively impacting their quality of life. High HRQOL was defined by mean scores on the VAS and EQ-5D-5L scales, with higher scores indicating better quality of life. Home-based interventions addressing these issues could improve HRQOL for TBI patients.
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Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Vietnam/epidemiología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Longitudinales , Pacientes Internos/psicología , Adulto Joven , Población Urbana , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Diphtheria is a re-emerging infectious disease and public health concern worldwide and in Vietnam with increasing cases in recent years. This study aimed to assess the anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies status in Khanh Hoa Province and identify factors contributing to the vaccination policy in the south-central coast of Vietnam. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies among 1,195 participants, aged 5 - 40 years in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against diphtheria were detected using a commercial anti-diphtheria toxoid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SERION ELISA classic Diphtheria Immunoglobulin G) and were categorized following the World Health Organization guidelines. RESULTS: The mean anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody levels were 0.07 IU/ml (95% Confidence Interval: 0.07-0.08). Anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody levels were found to be associated with age and history of diphtheria vaccination. The 5-15 years age group had the highest levels (0.09 IU/ml), while the older age group had the lowest antibody level (p < 0.001). Individuals who received three doses (adjusted Odds ratio: 2.34, 95%CI: 1.35 - 4.07) or 4+ doses (adjusted Odds ratio: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.29 - 4.64) had a higher antibody level compared to those who received only one dose regardless of age. CONCLUSION: It is crucial to promote routine vaccination coverage to over 95% for children under one year of age with three primary doses of the diphtheria-containing vaccine, including additional doses at 18 months and 7 years of age. Booster doses should be promoted and administered to adolescents and adults every 10 years.
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Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Toxoide Diftérico , Difteria , Vacunación , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Vietnam/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Difteria/prevención & control , Difteria/inmunología , Difteria/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Preescolar , Toxoide Diftérico/inmunología , Toxoide Diftérico/administración & dosificación , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción EnzimáticaRESUMEN
Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV, respectively) remain a significant global health concern despite advancements in healthcare and vaccination programs. Regular monitoring and vaccine efficacy of HAV are still lacking in different countries. This study aimed to investigate HAV and HEV prevalence in developed, developing, and least-developed Asian countries using wastewater as a surveillance tool. A total of 232 untreated wastewater samples were collected from six wastewater treatment plants, a sewage treatment plant, or an open drainage in six countries [Nepal (n = 51), Indonesia (n = 37), Thailand (n = 30), Vietnam (n = 27), the Philippines (n = 17), and Japan (n = 70)] between April and October 2022. Viruses in wastewater were concentrated by simple centrifugation or polyethylene glycol precipitation method, followed by viral RNA extraction and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HAV and HEV RNA were detected in the samples from Nepal (51 % for HAV and 2 % for HEV), Thailand (3 % for both viruses), and Japan (1 % for HAV and 24 % for HEV). Only HAV RNA was found in 11 % of the samples in Indonesia, whereas only HEV RNA was detected in Vietnam and the Philippines, with a positive ratio of 15 % and 12 %, respectively. These results highlighted the geographic variability in HAV and HEV prevalence, underscoring the need for localized public health strategies to address specific viral hepatitis challenges in each country.
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Virus de la Hepatitis A , Virus de la Hepatitis E , Aguas Residuales , Aguas Residuales/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis A/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis E/genética , Vietnam/epidemiología , Tailandia/epidemiología , Indonesia/epidemiología , Hepatitis A/epidemiología , Asia/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Filipinas/epidemiología , Japón/epidemiología , ARN Viral/análisis , Nepal/epidemiología , Hepatitis E/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
An HFMD outbreak spread over the city of Hai Phòng from summer 2011 to autumn 2012. This epidemic was chosen because it was the very first HFMD epidemic in North Vietnam, eliminating thus interferences with previous outbreaks. This epidemic displayed three separate waves. A complete dataset was collected for more than 9500 patients during this period, which enabled us to analyze this epidemic at different scales. Access to the healthcare system was crucial during this period, which was possible due to a reorganization of the system in February-March 2012. An analysis at the commune level enabled us to track the epidemic along certain communication routes. The three-waves structure reveals a wide disparity at the district level. We developed a mathematical model showing high accuracy at the adjustment of data for both the total number of cases and for the number of cases per week. As a consequence, the model was able to accurately determine the dates of the beginning and end of each wave and to show that they overlapped. Using mathematical functions associated with this model, it was possible to calculate the probability for a patient to belong to a specific wave.
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Brotes de Enfermedades , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie/virología , Humanos , Vietnam/epidemiología , Modelos Teóricos , Epidemias , Preescolar , Modelos EpidemiológicosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Although some immune protection from close contact with individuals who have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been documented, there is limited data on the seroprevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals who were in lockdown with confirmed COVID-19 cases. This study investigated immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 in household members and people who lived near home-quarantined patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the community-based care that took place during lockdowns in District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from July to September 2021. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were determined in index cases of COVID-19, household contacts, and a no-contact group from the same area. RESULTS: A total of 770 participants were included (355 index cases, 103 household contacts, and 312 no contacts). All index cases were unvaccinated, but >90% of individuals in the household and no-contact groups had received ≥1 vaccine dose. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) were present in >77% of unvaccinated index cases versus 64%/65.4% in the household/no-contact groups (p=0.001). Antibody concentrations in unvaccinated index cases were significantly higher than those in household contacts and no contacts, with no difference between the latter groups. In all cases, antibody levels declined markedly ≥6 weeks after infection, and failed to persist beyond this time in the household and no-contact groups. CONCLUSION: Community-based care may have helped to create community immunogenicity, but Nabs did not persist, highlighting a need for vaccination for all individuals before, or from 6 weeks after, infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Masculino , Vietnam/epidemiología , Femenino , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/sangre , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/inmunología , Anciano , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Niño , Brotes de Enfermedades , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the quality of life (QOL) of lung cancer patients and evaluate the relationship between QOL and suicidal ideation (SI) in a tertiary hospital in Vietnam. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bach Mai Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 256 patients with lung cancer were recruited. The QOL of cancer patients was evaluated using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) version 3. Multivariate Tobit regression was employed to identify associations between SI and QOL. RESULT: Overall, the mean global health status score was 58.3 ± 15.8, and those with SI had significantly higher scores than those without SI. Regarding functional scales, patients with SI had significantly lower physical functioning (82.22 ± 11.42) compared to those without SI (90.58 ± 11.90) (p<0.05). Meanwhile, regarding symptom scales, scores for fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, and financial difficulties among patients with SI were significantly higher than those without SI (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, having SI increased the role functioning score (Coef. = 9.41, 95% CI = 0.38-18.45) and diarrhea score (Coef. = 22.33, 95% CI = 2.05-42.60). CONCLUSION: This study indicated moderate QOL and perceived the lowest social functioning in lung cancer patients. SI was associated with role functioning scores and diarrhea scores. SI should be monitored and controlled regularly in this population during treatment to improve their QOL.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Calidad de Vida , Ideación Suicida , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vietnam/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Anciano , Pronóstico , Estudios de Seguimiento , AdultoRESUMEN
Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) substantially worsens the prognosis of children with dengue infection. This study aimed to develop a simple clinical tool to predict the risk of DSS. A cohort of 2221 Thai children with a confirmed dengue infection who were admitted to King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between 1987 and 2007 was conducted. Another data set from a previous publication comprising 2,301 Vietnamese children with dengue infection was employed to create a pooled data set, which was randomly split into training (n = 3182), testing (n = 697) and validating (n = 643) datasets. Logistic regression was compared to alternative machine learning algorithms to derive the most predictive model for DSS. 4522 children, including 899 DSS cases (758 Thai and 143 Vietnamese children) with a mean age of 9.8 ± 3.4 years, were analyzed. Among the 12 candidate clinical parameters, the Bayesian Model Averaging algorithm retained the most predictive subset of five covariates, including body weight, history of vomiting, liver size, hematocrit levels, and platelet counts. At an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.90) in testing data set, logistic regression outperformed random forest, XGBoost and support vector machine algorithms, with AUC values being 0.82 (0.77-0.88), 0.82 (0.76-0.88), and 0.848 (0.81-0.89), respectively. At its optimal threshold, this model had a sensitivity of 0.71 (0.62-0.80), a specificity of 0.84 (0.81-0.88), and an accuracy of 0.82 (0.78-0.85) on validating data set with consistent performance across subgroup analyses by age and gender. A logistic regression-based nomogram was developed to facilitate the application of this model. This work introduces a simple and robust clinical model for DSS prediction that is well-tailored for children in resource-limited settings.
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Nomogramas , Dengue Grave , Humanos , Dengue Grave/diagnóstico , Dengue Grave/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Vietnam/epidemiología , Tailandia/epidemiología , Preescolar , Pronóstico , Modelos Logísticos , Lactante , Teorema de Bayes , Aprendizaje Automático , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Background: In 2021, Vietnam experienced an outbreak of Lumpy skin disease (LSD), which infected 207,687 cattle and buffaloes, as officially reported, and resulted in the culling of 29,182 animals. Aim: In this study, samples from cattle that died and showed typical signs of LSD in the Ha Tinh province of Vietnam were confirmed by three World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-recommended methods and further studied to compare the Vietnam and China reference strains to the new clinical cases. Methods: Three methods recommended by WOAH for agent detection (PCR, virus isolation, and transmission electron microscopy) were used to confirm this clinical LSD case. The sequence analysis of three well-known markers (P32, RPO30, and GPCR genes) has been utilized in Vietnam to understand this circulating pathogen better. Results: Our findings showed that the CX01 LSDV strain is 100% identical to the Vietnam reference strain HL01 and China reference strains based on P32 and RPO30 genes. Interestingly, analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the GPCR gene showed that the CX01 strain belongs to the same cluster as the reference strains, but it has branches different from those of both the HL01 and China LSDV strains. The nucleotide identification between the CX01 strain and these reference virus strains ranked 99.65%-99.91%, suggesting that it is a new variant of LSDV. Conclusion: This finding is new and indicates that at least two variants of the LSD virus were circulating in Vietnam based on analysis of the GPCR gene. Additionally, these results suggest that the sequence analysis of the GPCR gene is a great tool for subgrouping LSDV circulating in Vietnam.
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Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa , Virus de la Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa , Vietnam/epidemiología , Animales , Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/virología , Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/epidemiología , Virus de la Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/genética , Virus de la Dermatosis Nodular Contagiosa/aislamiento & purificación , Bovinos , Filogenia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/veterinariaRESUMEN
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents has been increasing worldwide and is a significant public health challenge. Obesity is linked to several non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity based on three growth references and described physical activities and dietary patterns among sixth graders in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). From 2018 to 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1375 students from 16 junior high schools in HCMC. We applied Probability Proportional to Size sampling to select schools. Anthropometric measurements, pubertal status assessment, and diet and physical activity data were collected through Food Frequency and Physical Activity Questionnaires. The study revealed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among grade 6 students, with â¼45%-56% of students classified as overweight or obese using various growth references. Moreover, most students did not meet the World Health Organization's physical activity and sedentary behavior recommendations. Most students spent <60 min/day on moderate to vigorous physical activity, and over 70% spent at least 120 min/day on sedentary activities during weekdays and weekends. The diet of the students was also imbalanced, with high intakes of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Nutritionists and policymakers should inform and encourage opportunities for healthier food and more daily activity for children, starting before the sixth-grade, so they can learn how to make healthier choices and change their behavior before they reach adolescence.
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Dieta , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Alimentaria , Obesidad Infantil , Estudiantes , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Vietnam/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Adolescente , Niño , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Conducta Sedentaria , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Instituciones Académicas , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nursing professional is one of the most stressful jobs, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. When caring for COVID-19 patients, nurses face challenging conditions and limited resources, as well as the fear of infecting themselves and their families, putting them at risk for depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency, sources, and risk factors for occupational stress among clinical nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in a Vietnamese tertiary hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all clinical nurses (184 nurses) at a tertiary hospital in Vietnam from March 15 to April 15, 2021. A questionnaire was used for collecting data. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Risk factors were identified by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P values less than 0.05. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 89.7% (165/184) of clinical nurses. Most participants were female (85.5%) and ≤ 40 years old (97.6%). Overall, participants reported a medium stress level with an Extended Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) mean score of 1.79 points, and 32.1% had occupational stress. Prevalence of occupational stress among participants caring for COVID-19 patients (34.0%) was not statistically significant difference with that among those who did not (29.4%). Nurses' occupational stress in emergency and intensive care units (50.0%) was substantially higher than that in the other departments (11.7%). The most stressors for participants were difficulties connected to inadequate emotional preparedness, patients and families, and death and dying, with subscale mean scores of 1.97, 1.88, and 1.88 points, respectively. In multivariate analysis, working at an emergency and intensive care unit (OR 4.97), usually or more frequently feeling heavy duty for patients (OR 3.17), and income decrease (OR 3.03) were risk factors associated with occupational stress. CONCLUSION: One-third of clinical nurses at a tertiary hospital experienced occupational stress, with highest rate occurred at emergency and intensive care units. Nurses' working conditions at emergency and intensive care units should be essentially addressed to improve nurses' occupational stress.