RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The proportion of intense tropical cyclones is expected to increase in a changing climate. However, there is currently no consistent and comprehensive assessment of infectious disease risk following tropical cyclone exposure across countries and over decades. We aimed to explore the tropical cyclone-associated hospitalisation risks and burden for cause-specific infectious diseases on a multi-country scale. METHODS: Hospitalisation records for infectious diseases were collected from six countries and territories (Canada, South Korea, New Zealand, Taiwan, Thailand, and Viet Nam) during various periods between 2000 and 2019. The days with tropical cyclone-associated maximum sustained windspeeds of 34 knots or higher derived from a parametric wind field model were considered as tropical cyclone exposure days. The association of monthly infectious diseases hospitalisations and tropical cyclone exposure days was first examined at location level using a distributed lag non-linear quasi-Poisson regression model, and then pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The tropical cyclone-attributable number and fraction of infectious disease hospitalisations were also calculated. FINDINGS: Overall, 2·2 million people who were hospitalised for infectious diseases in 179 locations that had at least one tropical cyclone exposure day in the six countries and territories were included in the analysis. The elevated hospitalisation risks for infectious diseases associated with tropical cyclones tended to dissipate 2 months after the tropical cyclone exposure. Overall, each additional tropical cyclone day was associated with a 9% (cumulative relative risk 1·09 [95% CI 1·05-1·14]) increase in hospitalisations for all-cause infectious diseases, 13% (1·13 [1·05-1·21]) for intestinal infectious diseases, 14% (1·14 [1·05-1·23]) for sepsis, and 22% (1·22 [1·03-1·46]) for dengue during the 2 months after a tropical cyclone. Associations of tropical cyclones with hospitalisations for tuberculosis and malaria were not significant. In total, 0·72% (95% CI 0·40-1·01) of the hospitalisations for all-cause infectious diseases, 0·33% (0·15-0·49) for intestinal infectious diseases, 1·31% (0·57-1·95) for sepsis, and 0·63% (0·10-1·04) for dengue were attributable to tropical cyclone exposures. The attributable burdens were higher among young populations (aged ≤19 years) and male individuals compared with their counterparts, especially for intestinal infectious diseases. The heterogeneous spatiotemporal pattern was further revealed at the country and territory level-tropical cyclone-attributable fractions showed a decreasing trend in South Korea during the study period but an increasing trend in Viet Nam, Taiwan, and New Zealand. INTERPRETATION: Tropical cyclones were associated with persistent elevated hospitalisation risks of infectious diseases (particularly sepsis and intestinal infectious diseases). Targeted interventions should be formulated for different populations, regions, and causes of infectious diseases based on evidence on tropical cyclone epidemiology to respond to the increasing risk and burden. FUNDING: Australian Research Council, Australian National Health, and Medical Research Council.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmisibles , Tormentas Ciclónicas , Hospitalización , Humanos , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Vietnam/epidemiología , República de Corea/epidemiología , Taiwán/epidemiología , Canadá/epidemiología , Tailandia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the proportion and risk factors of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial arrhythmias (AA) in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Vietnam. Patients and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at two major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, from January 2022 to January 2023. A total of 197 AECOPD patients were recruited. ECG and 24-hour Holter ECG were used to diagnose paroxysmal AF and AA. Results: The prevalence of paroxysmal AF and AA were 15.2% and 72.6%, respectively. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of paroxysmal AF included aging 75 years old and above (aOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.28 to 8.48), Premature atrial complex (PAC) with 500 or more (aOR = 3.81; 95% CI: 1.48 to 10.97) and severity of COPD as group C and D (aOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 1.28 to 10.50). For AA, aging 75 years old and above (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.28 to 5.20), smoking (aOR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.07 to 4.23) and P wave dispersion (PWD) with 40 milliseconds or more (aOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.54 to 6.19) were associated with a higher likelihood of AA. Conclusion: Overall, our findings highlight the associated factors with the paroxysmal AF and AA among AECOPD patients. This underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to risk assessment and management in this vulnerable population, focusing not only on respiratory symptoms but also on comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation and intervention.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Hospitalización , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/terapia , Anciano , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilación Atrial/fisiopatología , Fibrilación Atrial/terapia , Masculino , Prevalencia , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Vietnam/epidemiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Edad , Medición de Riesgo , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Complejos Atriales Prematuros/epidemiología , Complejos Atriales Prematuros/diagnóstico , Complejos Atriales Prematuros/fisiopatología , Electrocardiografía AmbulatoriaRESUMEN
Objective: To investigate the cause of a foodborne outbreak that occurred in Dong Nai province, Viet Nam, in 2024, and implement control measures. Methods: An initial investigation was conducted to confirm the outbreak, which was followed by epidemiological and environmental investigations to find the plausible causative food item. Clinical specimens and food samples were tested to identify the pathogen. Results: A total of 547 symptomatic cases were recorded, of whom two were in severe condition requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventilation, one of whom died. Among 99 interviewed cases, the mean incubation time was 9 hours (range 2-24 hours), with the main symptoms being fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting. All patients had eaten banh mi from a local bakery. Salmonella spp. were identified in food samples and clinical specimens. The bakery halted production, and the outbreak ended after 1 week. Discussion: All the patients were exposed to only one food in common, which facilitated the investigation process. This outbreak is a reminder to small retailers and take-away shops of the importance of food safety management in preventing similar future outbreaks. All food handlers must comply with food hygiene principles, especially in hot temperatures, which boosts bacterial growth.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Intoxicación Alimentaria por Salmonella , Humanos , Vietnam/epidemiología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Intoxicación Alimentaria por Salmonella/epidemiología , Intoxicación Alimentaria por Salmonella/microbiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Lactante , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Microbiología de Alimentos , AncianoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Traffic crashes caused by adolescents are being assessed as particularly serious and a common concern of society as a whole. Improving traffic knowledge and skills is crucial in reducing adolescent traffic crashes. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a gamified e-learning platform on traffic knowledge and skills among adolescents (aged 15-18) in Vietnam. METHOD: Using a pretest-posttest design, this quasi-experimental study, included 350 participants within the intervention group and 350 participants within the control group. All participants were selected from three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Intervention group participants got a gamified traffic safety learning experience with a gamified e-learning platform, while control group participants received general traffic safety education through conventional methods using short videos. The effect was measured via tests focusing on traffic knowledge and skills. Data were subsequently collected from both groups before (i.e., pretest) and immediately after (i.e., posttest 1) following the education. In addition, within the intervention group also a second posttest (i.e., posttest 2) was conducted six months after following the education. RESULTS: A significant increase in scores on posttest 1 compared to the pretest was found in the intervention group but not in the control group. Also, among the intervention group, the scores in posttest 2 were significantly better than those in the pretest, however, there was no difference in scores between posttest 1 and posttest 2. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that the gamified e-learning platform cannot only improve participants' knowledge of traffic safety but also help participants retain such knowledge for at least six months. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study findings can reinforce the important role of traffic safety education in improving adolescent traffic knowledge and skills.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito , Humanos , Adolescente , Vietnam , Masculino , Femenino , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Motocicletas , Juegos de Video , Instrucción por Computador/métodos , Pueblos del Sudeste AsiáticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA)'s practices and decision-making regarding disclosure of HIV status in healthcare settings in Vietnam. Introduction: Disclosure of HIV status in healthcare settings is under-studied. METHODS: We conducted in-depth interviews with 30 WLHA in Hanoi, Vietnam. Thematic analysis was conducted to investigate the patterns, considerations, and consequences of HIV disclosure. Results: Most participants chose a selective disclosure strategy based on the type of procedure and healthcare setting. They considered several factors: concerns about stigma/discrimination, risks of confidentiality breach, relevance to healthcare provision, and altruism towards protecting providers and other patients. Selective disclosure or non-disclosure often prevented participants from accessing comprehensive care. Conclusion: The study underscores the need to prepare WLHA to make informed decisions regarding disclosure and provide them with service navigations and support. It also highlights the necessity of reducing stigma and enhancing confidentiality protection to ensure safe disclosure in healthcare settings.
Telling Healthcare Providers About HIV Status: How Women with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam Decide and What They ConsiderThis study focuses on how women living with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam decide to share their HIV status with healthcare providers. We interviewed 30 women with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam and found that many choose to reveal their status only in certain situations, depending on the medical procedure and the setting. They weigh various factors before deciding to disclose, including the risk of facing stigma, the need to protect their privacy, how relevant their HIV status is to their other health issues, their wish to protect their healthcare providers and other patients, and how they have been advised by HIV specialists. Unfortunately, choosing not to disclose their status sometimes stops them from getting the full range of medical care they need. The findings stress the importance of helping these women make well-informed choices about disclosing their HIV status. We also need to provide them with additional support and navigational help through healthcare services. Moreover, reducing stigma in healthcare, enhancing providers' ability to gather necessary health information, and ensuring patient privacy are crucial to encouraging more open discussions of HIV status in medical settings.
Asunto(s)
Confidencialidad , Infecciones por VIH , Estigma Social , Humanos , Femenino , Vietnam , Adulto , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Revelación de la Verdad , Investigación Cualitativa , Toma de Decisiones , RevelaciónRESUMEN
Drought is one of the common natural disasters with a wide range of occurrences in terms of space and time, and with varying levels of severity, that may result in economic damage and health issues to humans. This study focuses on assessing drought severity in the Central Highlands of Vietnam based on ground meteorological stations and multispectral remote sensing data. A Modification of the Normalized Difference Drought Index (MNDDI) was developed to enhance the effectiveness of remote sensing indices in the drought assessment. Results indicate that MNDDI outperforms Normalized Difference Drought Index and other investigated indicators, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Latent Heat Index, and Normalized Difference Water Index, in representing the Earth's surface response to drought events. Correlations ranging from 0.85 to 0.63 were identified between MNDDI and various time scales of the commonly used meteorological drought indicator, namely the Standardized Precipitation Index, during the drought year of 2015. This work also reveals the superiority of MNDDI in portraying the response of land cover types to drought situations. The finding of a severe drought phenomenon in critical agricultural zones is highly consistent with the report from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam. This study contributes valuable insights to the preliminary assessment of drought through remote sensing data, offering a foundation for precise drought outlooks and effective risk management strategies.
Asunto(s)
Sequías , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Tecnología de Sensores Remotos , Vietnam , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Imágenes Satelitales , Agricultura/métodosRESUMEN
This paper presents findings on groundwater physiochemical composition and radioactivity levels in households in Bac Lieu province, Vietnam. Through discriminant analysis, it was observed that groundwater quality exhibits spatial variations corresponding to saline intrusion zones. The paired-samples T-tests revealed significantly different ratios of Ra-224, Ra-226, and Ra-228 isotopes between Na-Cl and Ca-Na-HCO3 water types. All three water types had a ratio of Ra-226/Ra-228 of approximately one, indicating the presence of groundwater aquifers beneath the crust and fluvial marine sediment. Furthermore, strong associations between sulfate and calcium suggest that CO2 enrichment in groundwater aquifers indicates anoxic aquatic environments. Twenty-five of the thirty-three evaluated samples exceeded the national technical regulations for domestic water quality with parameters such as chloride, sulfate, sodium, gross alpha, or total dissolved solids. Fifteen samples exceeded gross alpha's allowable contamination threshold of 0.1 Bq/L. The combination of Ra-226 and Ra-228 did not surpass the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's recommended limit of 0.185 Bq/L. However, nineteen samples exhibited annual committed effective doses of radium isotopes for infants that exceeded the WHO recommendation of 0.1 mSv/year.
Asunto(s)
Agua Subterránea , Radio (Elemento) , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Agua , Vietnam , Agua Subterránea/química , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Agua/análisis , Humanos , Radio (Elemento)/análisis , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Composición Familiar , Sulfatos/análisisRESUMEN
The exact aetiology of the cause of death (COD) remains unknown for a high proportion of deaths caused by infectious diseases. Complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA) is considered the gold standard to determine COD, but it is often not used in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), including Vietnam, for a variety of reasons. One alternative is minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS). This study was part of a larger project to explore the perceptions of MITS in Vietnam to provide recommendations for its potential implementation. We collected in-depth interviews and focus group discussions that explored MITS acceptability from 96 participants, including key informants, healthcare workers, community stakeholders, and people who had family members pass away recently. Participants highlighted the minimally invasive nature as the most considerable strength of MITS that could make it acceptable in Vietnam compared with CDA. However, participants still had concerns including the accuracy of the technique, the potential damage on the body, and the potential conflicts MITS results could have with original clinical diagnoses. Overall, the hypothetical acceptability of MITS was not clear-cut. It is imperative to consider acceptability before implementing new medical procedures into a given context, especially when it revolves around death, dying and the body.
Asunto(s)
Autopsia , Grupos Focales , Entrevistas como Asunto , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Vietnam , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Autopsia/métodos , Causas de Muerte , Persona de Mediana Edad , Manejo de EspecímenesRESUMEN
Obstetric ultrasound is an important tool in managing pregnancies and its use is increasing globally. However, the status of the pregnant woman and the fetus may vary in terms of clinical management, views in the community and legislation. To investigate the views and experiences of Vietnamese health professionals on maternal and fetal health interests, priority setting and potential conflicts, we conducted a cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire. Obstetricians/gynecologists, midwives and sonographers who manage pregnant women in maternity wards were invited to participate. We purposively chose public health facilities in the Hanoi region of Vietnam to obtain a representative sample. The final sample included 882 health professionals, of which 32.7% (n = 289) were obstetricians/gynecologists, 60.7% (n = 535) midwives and 6.6% (n = 58) sonographers. The majority of participants (60.3%) agreed that "The fetus is a person from the time of conception" and that maternal health interests should always be prioritised over fetal health interests in care provided (54.4%). 19.7% agreed that the fetus is never a patient, only the pregnant woman can be the patient, while 60.5% disagreed. Participants who performed ultrasounds were more likely to agree that fetal health interests are being given more weight in decision-making the further the gestation advances compared to those who did not perform ultrasounds (cOR 2.47, CI 1.27-4.79: n = 811). A significant proportion of health professionals in Vietnam assign the fetus the status of being a person, where personhood gradually evolves during pregnancy. While the fetus is often considered a patient with its own health interests, a majority of participants did give priority to maternal health interests. Health professionals appear to favour increased legal protection of the fetus. Strengthening the legal status of the fetus might have adverse implications for maternal autonomy. Measures to restrict maternal autonomy might require close observation to ensure that maternal reproductive rights are protected.
Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Feto , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Vietnam , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Embarazo , Adulto , Personal de Salud/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Salud Materna , Pueblos del Sudeste AsiáticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known as a common agent of sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer. One of the most effective ways for parents to protect their children from HPV is by ensuring they receive vaccinations. AIM: To determine the percentage of parents who intend to vaccinate their children against HPV and associated factors. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 365 parents who had children attending high school in Ha Tinh province, Vietnam, from April to May 2023, using stratified and random sampling methods. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire designed based on previous studies and the domains of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association between several factors and vaccination status. RESULT: A total of 365 participants took part in the study. The rate of parents intending to vaccinate their children against HPV was 55.9%. Knowledge about the HPV disease and vaccine (all P < .05) and the attitude of parents (P < .001) were determined as the motivation factors that affect the intention to vaccinate children against HPV. CONCLUSION: Many parents still do not have the intention to vaccinate children against HPV. Health education communication should focus on the motivation factors, not only to improve the parents' knowledge and perspective but also to increase the coverage of the vaccine to prevent cancers caused by HPV.
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known as a common agent of sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer. One of the most effective ways for parents to protect their children from HPV is by ensuring they receive vaccinations. Aim: To determine the percentage of parents who intend to vaccinate their children against HPV and associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 365 parents who had children attending high school in Ha Tinh province, Vietnam in 2023, using stratified and random sampling methods. The data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire designed based on the previous studies, and domains of Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the association between several factors and vaccination status. Result: 365 participants took part in the study. The rate of parents intending to vaccinate their children against HPV was 55.9%. Knowledge about the HPV disease and vaccine (all P < .05), and the attitude of parents (P < .001) were determined as the motivation factors that affect the intention to vaccinate children against HPV. Conclusion: Many parents still don't have the intention to vaccinate children against HPV. Health education communication should focus on the motivation factors, not only to improve the parents' knowledge and perspective but also to increase the coverage of the vaccine to prevent cancers caused by HPV.
Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Intención , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus , Padres , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Vietnam , Padres/psicología , Masculino , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/prevención & control , Adulto , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Virus del Papiloma HumanoRESUMEN
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have revolutionized hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment through their high cure rates and improved safety profiles. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety, and identify the optimal combination, of DAAs for the treatment of chronic HCV. A retrospective study was conducted of 613 patients with chronic HCV who were treated with DAAs. Demographic, HCV genotype, treatment regimen, virological response, and adverse drug event (ADE) data were collected at the initial visit and 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks later. The rapid virologic response (RVR) and sustained virologic response (SVR) rates were 90.4% and 97.8% for HCV genotype 1, 89.2% and 98.7% for genotype 6, 92.8% and 99% for genotype 2, and 90.9% and 100% for mixed genotype 2/6 or unspecified genotypes, respectively. There were no significant differences in the RVR and SVR rates for the various DAA regimens. The mean ALT, AST, and GGT activities decreased, and the PLT count increased during the treatments. ADEs occurred in 8% of the patients. The commonest ADEs were itching (3.1%), fatigue (1.8%), and dizziness (1.1%). None of the patients discontinued treatment because of an ADE. Posttreatment disease progression occurred in 7.7% of the patients, including liver fibrosis (3.6%), cirrhosis (1.1%), hepatocellular carcinoma (1.1%), and high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (1%). The factors associated with the achievement of RVR were low viral load, the use of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir or sofosbuvir/daclatasvir regimens, and a treatment duration of 12 weeks. No specific factors were found to be associated with the achievement of SVR. Posttreatment disease progression was associated with a high AFP and the use of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. Thus, DAAs are highly effective and well-tolerated means of treating chronic HCV, and significantly improve patient outcomes. Their high efficacy and favorable safety profiles highlight the importance of early diagnosis and the use of personalized treatment strategies.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C Crónica , Respuesta Virológica Sostenida , Humanos , Hepatitis C Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/efectos adversos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vietnam , Adulto , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Genotipo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios de Cohortes , Carbamatos/uso terapéutico , Carbamatos/efectos adversos , Sofosbuvir/uso terapéutico , Sofosbuvir/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Objective: This intervention study seeks to assess the impact of a care competencies training program on students' well-being. Method: This randomized controlled trial involved 191 Vietnamese adolescents (65.4% female, Mage = 16 years and 8 months) in a 7-week intervention study that used video vignettes to build their care competencies. Validated scales were used to determine their care competencies (Care Competencies Questionnaire for Adolescents) and well-being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale) at three points in time: before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The full-information maximum likelihood approach was applied to latent growth curve modeling (LGM) in Mplus 8.5 to estimate the initial level (i.e., intercept) and the change (i.e., slope) in care competencies and well-being among adolescents over time. Factor scores of LGMs were saved for correlation and multiple linear regression analysis by using SPSS (version 26.0) to explore the relationships between the changes in care competencies/failures and the changes in well-being. Results: Results showed that, next to a significant increase in care competencies and a significant decrease in care failures, other well-being variables also significantly changed in the intervention group. In the intervention group, but not in the control group, changes in care competencies and failures consistently and significantly predicted changes in well-being. Conclusion: The results support the potential of the video vignette-based intervention to promote the development of adolescents' care competencies.
Asunto(s)
Satisfacción Personal , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Vietnam , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study validates a direct multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay which was previously established for enabling rapid and simultaneous detection of African swine fever (ASF) virus (ASFV) and classical swine fever virus. The assay eliminates the need for viral nucleic acid purification using a buffer system for crude extraction and an impurity-tolerant enzyme. However, the assay had not yet been validated using field samples of ASFV-infected pigs. Therefore, to address this gap, we tested 101 samples collected from pigs in Vietnam during 2018 and 2021 for validation. RESULTS: The rRT-PCR assay demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.8% and a specificity of 100%. Remarkably, crude samples yielded results comparable to those of purified samples, indicating the feasibility of using crude samples without compromising accuracy in ASFV detection. Our findings emphasize the effectiveness of the rRT-PCR assay for the prompt and accurate diagnosis of both swine fever viruses, which is essential for effective disease prevention and control in swine populations.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Africana , Fiebre Porcina Africana , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Animales , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Africana/genética , Virus de la Fiebre Porcina Africana/aislamiento & purificación , Porcinos , Vietnam , Fiebre Porcina Africana/diagnóstico , Fiebre Porcina Africana/virología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/normasRESUMEN
While selenium is a cofactor of several antioxidant enzymes against cancer and is essential for human health, its excess intake may also be harmful. Though a safe intake of selenium has recently been recommended, it is not well understood in the Asian population. We aimed to determine the association between dietary intake of selenium and cancer risk in a case-control study of 3758 incident cancer cases (i.e., stomach, colon, rectum, lung cancers, and other sites) and 2929 control subjects in Vietnam. Daily intake of selenium was derived from a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between selenium intake and cancer risk. We observed a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk. A safe intake ranged from 110.8 to 124.4 µg/day (mean 117.8 µg/day). Compared to individuals with the safe intake of selenium, individuals with the lowest intake (i.e., 27.8-77.2 µg/day) were associated with an increased risk of cancer (OR = 3.78, 95% CI 2.89-4.95) and those with the highest intake (169.1-331.7 µg/day) also had an increased cancer risk (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.45-2.39). A U-shaped pattern of association between selenium intake and cancer risk was stronger among participants with body mass index (BMI) < 23 kg/m2 and never smokers than BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and ever smokers (P'sheterogeneity = 0.003 and 0.021, respectively) but found in both never and ever-drinkers of alcohol (Pheterogeneity = 0.001). A U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk was seen in cancer sites of the stomach, colon, rectum, and lung cancers. In summary, we found a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk and a safe selenium intake (mean: 117.8 µg/day) in the Vietnamese population. Further mechanistic investigation is warranted to understand better a U-shaped association between selenium intake and cancer risk.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Selenio , Humanos , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Selenio/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/etiología , Vietnam/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Anciano , Adulto , Oportunidad Relativa , Dieta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To develop an allometric body mass index (ABMI) reference that adjusts the weight in relation to height, taking into account the changes during development (MULT ABMI reference), and to compare it with international BMI references. METHODS: The MULT ABMI reference was constructed through the LMS method, calculated with 65 644 ABMI observations of 17 447 subjects aged 5-22 years, from the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, India, Peru, Vietnam, Portugal, and Brazil. The M, S, and L curves of the MULT ABMI reference were compared with the curves of the MULT, World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and Dutch Growth Study (DUTCH). RESULTS: The greater differences in the M curve between MULT ABMI and WHO, CDC, IOTF, DUTCH, and MULT BMI references were around puberty (138 to 150 months for boys; 114 to 132 for girls). MULT ABMI presented S values similar to IOTF and DUTCH BMI references for boys 60 to 114 months and then became higher, approaching the MULT BMI S values from 198 to 240 months. For girls the MULT ABMI S values were close to the IOTF, CDC, and DUTCH from 60 to 110 months, and then became higher, approaching the MULT BMI S values until 240 months. CONCLUSION: MULT ABMI presented an advantage in comparison to the existing BMI references because it takes into account the growth changes during puberty and is a new option to assess the nutritional status of multiethnic populations.
Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Brasil , Adulto Joven , Valores de Referencia , Estatura , Vietnam , Peso Corporal , India , Perú , Etiopía , Reino Unido , Portugal , EtnicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Measles remains a major public health burden worldwide. Parents often hesitate to vaccinate children with chronic diseases. We investigated the association between the percentage of vaccination and chronic diseases and explore hospital infections' role in the 2017-2019 measles outbreak across northern Vietnam provinces. METHODS: A total of 2,064 children aged 0-15 years old admitted for measles to the National Children's Hospital during the outbreak were included in the study. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, vaccination statuses and laboratory examination were extracted from electronic medical records, vaccination records, or interviews with parents when other sources were unavailable. RESULTS: The incidence rate that provincial hospitals sent to the National Children's Hospital was proportional to the population density of their provinces of residence. Early nosocomial transmission of measles was observed before community-acquired cases emerged in many provinces. Among patients aged over 18 months, those with chronic diseases had a proportion of vaccination of 9.4%, lower than patients without chronic diseases at 32.4%. Unvaccinated patients had a higher proportion of hospital-acquired infections with aOR = 2.42 (1.65-3.65), p < 0.001 relative to vaccinated patients. The proportion of hospital-acquired infections was higher among children with chronic diseases compared to those without, with aOR = 3.81 (2.90-5.02), p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Measles spread in healthcare settings prior to community cases that occurred in several provinces. We recommend enhancing hospital infection control by increasing staff training and improving early detection and isolation during non-outbreak periods. Measles patients with chronic diseases exhibited lower proportions of vaccination and faced a higher risk of hospital-acquired infections. It is crucial to establish comprehensive vaccination guidelines and enhance parental awareness regarding the significance and safety of measles vaccination to protect these vulnerable individuals.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria , Brotes de Enfermedades , Vacuna Antisarampión , Sarampión , Vacunación , Humanos , Vietnam/epidemiología , Sarampión/epidemiología , Sarampión/prevención & control , Preescolar , Niño , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Masculino , Lactante , Adolescente , Femenino , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Recién Nacido , Vacuna Antisarampión/administración & dosificación , IncidenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The mortality risk of co-infections/secondary infections (CoI/ScI) is under-reported in patients with non-critical COVID-19, leading to the under-management of CoI/ScI and publication bias in the medical literature. We aimed to investigate the association between CoI/ScI and mortality in patients hospitalised with mild-to-severe COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a COVID-19 treatment hospital in Vietnam and collected all eligible medical records, with CoI/ScI status as the exposure (non-CoI/ScI and CoI/ScI, with the latter including nature of pathogen [bacterial, fungal, or bacterial + fungal] and multidrug-resistance pathogen [no MDRp or ≥ 1 MDRp]). The outcome was all-cause mortality, defined as in-hospital death by all causes or being discharged under critical illness. We used time-dependent analysis to report rates of mortality with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI, Poisson regression) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI (Cox proportional hazards regression with Holm's method for multiplicity control). RESULTS: We followed 1466 patients (median age 61, 56.4% being female) for a median of 9 days. We recorded 387 (26.4%) deaths (95/144 [66.0%] in the CoI/ScI group and 292/1322 [22.1%] in the non-CoI/ScI group). Adjusted mortality rates (per 100 person-days) of the CoI/ScI (6.4, 95% CI 5.3 to 7.8), including bacterial (8.0, 95% CI 7.2 to 8.9), no MDRp (5.9, 95% CI 4.8 to 7.4), and ≥ 1 MDRp (9.0, 95% CI 8.2 to 10.0) groups were higher than that of the non-CoI/ScI group (2.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.2). These corresponded to higher risks of mortality in the overall CoI/ScI (HR 3.27, 95% CI 2.58 to 4.13, adjusted p < 0.001), bacterial CoI/ScI (HR 3.79, 95% CI 2.97 to 4.83, adjusted p < 0.001), no MDRp CoI/ScI (HR 3.13, 95% CI 2.42 to 4.05, adjusted p < 0.001), and ≥ 1 MDRp CoI/ScI group (HR 3.89, 95% CI 2.44 to 6.21, adjusted p < 0.001). We could not attain reliable estimates for fungal and bacterial + fungal CoI/ScI. CONCLUSION: Compared with the non-CoI/ScI group, patients with CoI/ScI had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of resistance status. More evidence is needed to confirm the mortality risks in patients with fungal or bacterial + fungal CoI/ScI.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Coinfección , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Vietnam/epidemiología , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Coinfección/mortalidad , Coinfección/epidemiología , Coinfección/microbiología , Anciano , Adulto , Infecciones Bacterianas/mortalidad , Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Micosis/epidemiología , Micosis/mortalidad , Micosis/microbiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Mortalidad HospitalariaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a major health concern worldwide, especially in Vietnam. This study aimed to explore women's motivation for and factors related to breast cancer screening. METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted in Danang, Vietnam, using a convergent parallel approach. This study utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather the data. The quantitative approach involved surveys to assess motivation levels and related factors, including demographic information and experience with breast cancer screening. In-depth qualitative interviews were used to gain deeper insights into participants' perspectives and experiences related to breast cancer screening. RESULTS: The average motivation score for breast cancer screening was moderate (3.55 ± 0.55). Ethnicity, regular health check-ups, family history of breast cancer, receiving information about breast cancer, and women's health issues have direct relationships with breast cancer screening motivation. According to the qualitative data, three categories emerged: intrinsic motivation, external motivation/internalization, and amotivation. The individual, and sociocultural environmental factors impacted screening motivation. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the motivations behind breast cancer screening among women. Healthcare providers could use these findings to improve screening policies and guidelines and encourage more women to undergo regular screening, ultimately reducing the incidence of breast cancer in the community.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Motivación , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/psicología , Adulto , Vietnam , Autonomía Personal , Investigación Cualitativa , AncianoRESUMEN
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis poses a significant diagnostic challenge, particularly in developing countries, where the awareness of this condition may be limited. Here, the case of a patient in her early 30s, who presented with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and diarrhea, is reported. Initial standard laboratory investigations revealed normal complete blood counts and elevated total serum immunoglobulin E levels. Upper and lower endoscopic evaluations with systemic biopsies did not reveal any significant abnormalities. However, computed tomography revealed a thickened small intestine wall, halo signs, and mild ascites. Analysis of the ascitic fluid confirmed eosinophilia. These findings prompted a diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. The patient responded well to a targeted elimination diet, corticosteroids, and antileukotriene medication. The present case emphasizes the importance of considering eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with abdominal pain and eosinophilic ascites.
Asunto(s)
Ascitis , Enteritis , Eosinofilia , Gastritis , Humanos , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico , Eosinofilia/patología , Ascitis/diagnóstico , Ascitis/patología , Ascitis/etiología , Femenino , Enteritis/diagnóstico , Enteritis/patología , Vietnam , Gastritis/diagnóstico , Gastritis/patología , Gastritis/complicaciones , Adulto , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Dolor Abdominal/etiología , Dolor Abdominal/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMEN
AIMS: This qualitative study explores the experiences of women after cancer treatment in terms of habit changes and mental health impact. METHOD: The study involved 10 women who had undergone cancer treatment, recruited from three major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The findings of the study shed light on the various factors influencing lifestyle behavior and mental health changes among women after cancer treatment. Ten participants, aged 39 to 64 years, shared experiences including dietary changes, sleep disruptions, and reliance on non-scientific sources for health decisions. Initially shocked by their diagnosis, many transitioned to acceptance, adopting a "giving-in" attitude. Cultural beliefs, word-of-mouth sharing, and social support networks played significant roles in shaping post-treatment lifestyle changes, coping mechanisms, information-seeking behaviors, and mental health. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the need for accessible and scientifically verified information for women after cancer treatment to make informed decisions about their health. It emphasizes the importance of addressing traditional beliefs and promoting evidence-based practices. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of social support and relationships in coping with the challenges of post-cancer experiences.