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The association between self-assessed cold threshold (CT) and thermal insulation of clothing (Icl) was analysed in 283 poultry workers in Thailand. The mean CT was 13.5 °C (range - 28-29) and the mean Icl was 1.23 clo (range 0.35-2.21). The adjusted CT remained unchanged at low Icls (0.35 through 1.25 clo) but was estimated to increase by 14.8 °C at high Icls (1.25 through 2.21 clo). Overall, CT was higher by 2.4 °C (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-3.8) at high (≥ 1.25 clo) than that at low (< 1.25 clo) Icl, but this difference was modified by personal and work-related factors. The difference was 2.6 °C (CI 0.5-4.6) for older (30-57 y) compared to younger (18-29 y) participants, with an excess of 7.3 °C (CI 5.6-9.0) for low vs high educated participants, 2.6 °C (CI 0.5-4.8) for those doing heavy vs light work, 7.4 °C (CI 3.7-11.0) for alcohol consumers vs others, and 3.4 °C (CI 0.6-6.3) for smokers vs non-smokers. The differences were independent of personal characteristics and worksite physical conditions and were interpreted as increased cold sensitivity among subgroups with lesser stamina and poorer health. Sensitive worker subgroups should be identified, and their need for cold protection should be reviewed.
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Frío , Aves de Corral , Humanos , Adulto , Animales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Tailandia , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Vestuario , Ropa de ProtecciónRESUMEN
OpenCap, a smartphone- and web-based markerless system, has shown acceptable accuracy compared to marker-based systems, but lacks information on repeatability. This study fills this gap by evaluating the intersession repeatability of OpenCap and investigating the effects of clothing on gait kinematics. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in a test-retest study, performing walking and sit-to-stand tasks with minimal clothing and regular street wear. Segment lengths and lower-limb kinematics were compared between both sessions and for both clothing conditions using the root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) for entire waveforms and the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) for discrete kinematic parameters. In general, the RMSD test-retest values were 2.8 degrees (SD: 1.0) for walking and 3.3 degrees (SD: 1.2) for sit-to-stand. The highest intersession variability was observed in the trunk, pelvis, and hip kinematics of the sagittal plane. SEM and MDC values were on average 2.2 and 6.0 degrees, respectively, for walking, and 2.4 and 6.5 degrees for sit-to-stand. Clothing had minimal effects on kinematics by adding on average less than one degree to the RMSD values for most variables. The segment lengths showed moderate to excellent agreement between both sessions and poor to moderate agreement between clothing conditions. The study highlights the reliability of OpenCap for markerless motion capture, emphasizing its potential for large-scale field studies. However, some variables showed high MDC values above 5 degrees and thus warrant further enhancement of the technology. Although clothing had minimal effects, it is still recommended to maintain consistent clothing to minimize overall variability.
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Vestuario , Marcha , Teléfono Inteligente , Caminata , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Caminata/fisiología , Marcha/fisiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto Joven , Captura de MovimientoRESUMEN
This research examines the impact of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on the textile and apparel industry within its member nations. The study seeks to understand the implications of RCEP on trade dynamics, innovation chains, and industrial integration in the textile sector. The study uses both quantitative analysis of trade data and qualitative assessment of policy frameworks to analyze changes in textile trade and patterns among RCEP members through UN Comtrade data. Qualitative analysis is conducted to examine RCEP policies related to intellectual property protection, investment regulations, and innovation cooperation. The findings reveal a significant increase in textile trade volume among RCEP member countries following the agreement's implementation. China emerges as a key player, experiencing substantial growth in textile exports to RCEP nations, particularly driven by tariff reduction initiatives. RCEP provisions stimulate demand for innovation within the textile industry, fostering collaborative efforts in scientific research and development.
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Industria Textil , China , Humanos , Textiles , Vestuario , Invenciones , Cooperación Internacional , ComercioRESUMEN
Smart wearables support continuous monitoring of vital signs for early detection of deteriorating health. However, the devices and sensors require sufficient quality to produce meaningful signals, in particular, if data is acquired in motion. In this study, we equipped 48 subjects with smart shirts recording one-lead electrocardiography (ECG), thoracic and abdominal respiratory inductance plethysmography, and three-axis acceleration. For 10 min each, the subjects sit, stand, walk, and run, with a resting period of 5 min in between each activity. We preprocessed the electrocardiogram and applied a signal quality index. We analyzed the signal quality index grouped by the activity and participants. For sitting, standing, walking, and running, the ECG signals provide acceptable quality over 73.20 %, 91.85 %, 12.26 %, and 13.14 % of the recording time. In conclusion, smart wearables may be useful for continuous health monitoring of people with a sedentary lifestyle, but rather not for sportive activities.
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Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles , Humanos , Vestuario , Masculino , Electrocardiografía , Adulto , Femenino , Electrocardiografía Ambulatoria/instrumentación , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por ComputadorRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Healthcare staff uniforms are a subject of debate in the UK, and this is particularly true in the case of less understood roles such as advanced nurse practitioners. Aim: This review explores what is known about people's perceptions of health professionals' uniforms. METHOD: A mixed methods scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Five databases (CINAHL, ASSIA, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) and several search engines were searched. Eligible reports were peer-reviewed English-language studies using any methodology to explore people's perceptions of different uniforms for health professionals. FINDINGS: Forty-six studies (mainly from North America) were included, presenting a variety of perspectives on the uniforms worn by doctors, nurses and other health professionals. CONCLUSION: Culture and context likely influence how uniforms are understood. Practitioners should consider how this may affect communication with both patients and colleagues. What health professionals wear matters, particularly in relation to less well understood roles.
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Vestuario , Humanos , Vestuario/psicología , Reino Unido , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Personal de Salud/psicologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Non-pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG) is a lightweight, reusable first aid compression device that squeezes blood from the lower extremities and centralizes blood circulation to vital organs of the body. Postpartum hemorrhage followed by severe preeclampsia/eclampsia is the leading primary cause of maternal death (A reduction in extreme maternal adverse outcomes and faster recovery from shock are more likely to occur with earlier NASG intervention. The median blood loss reduced by half when the NASG was used for obstetric hemorrhage management, which was associated with significantly reduced maternal mortality among the most severe cases. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the pooled prevalence of NASG utilization and its predictors in Ethiopia. METHODS: Appropriate and comprehensive searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, HINARI, and Scopus were performed. The electronic literature search was last performed on November 18/2023. All observational study designs were eligible for this SRMA. All cross sectional studies reporting the prevalence/proportion of NASG utilization for obstetric hemorrhage management among obstetric care providers and associated factors were included in this SRMA. Primary studies lacking the outcome of interest were excluded from the SRMA. The extracted Microsoft Excel spreadsheet data were imported into STATA software version 17 (STATA Corporation, Texas, USA) for analysis. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of NASG utilization among obstetric care providers in Ethiopia. The Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics were computed to assess the heterogeneity among the studies included in the SRMA. RESULT: A total of 1623 articles were found by using our search strategies and seven studies comprising 2335 participants were ultimately included in the SRMA. The pooled prevalence of NASG utilization for obstetric hemorrhage in Ethiopia was 43.34% (95% CI: 35.25, 51.42%). The findings of this subgroup analysis by sample size showed that the pooled prevalence of NASG utilization for obstetric hemorrhage was greater in studies with sample sizes of less than the mean sample size (48.6%; 95% CI: 32.34, 64.86%). Receiving training (AOR = 3.88, 95% CI: 2.08-5.37), having good knowledge (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.28-3.16), positive attitude (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.62-2.75) and having available NASGs in the facility (AOR = 4.89, 95%CI: 2.88-8.32) were significantly associated with the use of NASGs for obstetric hemorrhage management. CONCLUSION: The level of NASG utilization for obstetric hemorrhage in Ethiopia is low. Receiving training, good knowledge, positive attitudes and availability of NASG were significantly associated with the utilization of NASG. Therefore, policy makers and other stakeholders should emphasize enhancing the knowledge and attitudes of obstetric care providers through continuous support and training. At the same time, they should work strictly in providing devices for all the health facilities.
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Hemorragia Posparto , Humanos , Etiopía/epidemiología , Femenino , Embarazo , Hemorragia Posparto/terapia , Hemorragia Posparto/epidemiología , Primeros Auxilios/métodos , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , VestuarioRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to investigate some commonly detected halogenated textile pollutants for their bioavailability and hazardous properties. Release into artificial sweat and skin absorption in vitro were examined as well as mutagenic effects by Ames test, and skin-sensitizing properties from a peptide reactivity assay combined with a cell test. All investigated compounds were shown to migrate from the textile into sweat and be absorbed by the skin, although to a different extent. The experimental values for migration were found to be up to 390 times higher compared to literature values. Two of the studied compounds, 2,5-dinitrochlorobenzene and 3,5-dinitrobromobenzene, both exhibited mutagenic effects in the Ames test, while both 2,5-dinitrochlorobenzene and 2,6-dichlorobenzene-1,4-diamine were classified as skin sensitizers. The allergenic reactivity of the latter was found to be due to an oxidized transformation product. Risks for the induction of skin allergy and other non-carcinogenic effects from dermal exposure to the individual compounds were found low, even when considering clothing with the highest reported levels. However, the complex mixtures of chemicals often present in garments may still constitute a health risk, especially when considering the many hours of daily exposure. It is important to further study the toxicity of other frequently occurring chemicals as well as the synergistic effects of chemicals that co-occur in clothing.
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Vestuario , Humanos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos Halogenados/toxicidad , Medición de Riesgo , Textiles , Sudor/química , Absorción Cutánea , Pruebas de MutagenicidadRESUMEN
Excessive compression after parotidectomy can lead to flap necrosis, while inadequate pressure can cause fluid accumulation. This study aimed to determine the optimal pressure and compression properties of different types of dressings. Initially, pressure measurements were taken for conventional Barton's dressing and a pre-fabricated facial garment. In the subsequent phase, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three types of pressure dressings: conforming bandage Barton's dressing, elastic bandage Barton's dressing or pre-fabricated facial garment. The dressing types were randomly crossed over the following day. The mean pressure exerted by conventional Barton's dressing and the pre-fabricated facial garment was 15.86 and 14.81 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the proportion of optimal pressure among the three types of pressure dressing (p-values of 0.195, 0.555 and 0.089 at pre-auricular, angle of mandible and post-auricular sites, respectively). The pre-auricular area demonstrated the highest proportion of optimal pressure, while suboptimal pressure was noted at the angle of the mandible and post-auricular area. Dressing types had no effect on pressure stability (p = 0.37), and there was no significant difference in patient preference (p = 0.91). Conforming bandage Barton's dressing, elastic bandage Barton's dressing and pre-fabricated facial garment exhibit comparable compressive properties, with no significant difference in patient preference and pressure stability.
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Vendajes de Compresión , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Presión , Glándula Parótida/cirugía , Cicatrización de Heridas , Vendajes , Estudios Cruzados , VestuarioRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Attire bolsters identity, self-expression, and comfort. Hospital gowns are known to be distressing in adults. Attitudes of children with cancer toward hospital attire remain uninvestigated and may be a modifiable factor in overall well-being. METHODS: A 39-item mixed methods survey evaluated perceptions of patient attire in children with cancer. Children aged 7-18 years were recruited at an academic medical center. Data analysis included simple statistics and thematic analysis. RESULTS: Forty children with cancer receiving oncologic care participated. Participants' mean age was 12.4 (SD = 3.0, range = 7-17) years, and 25 (62%) were male. Quantitative data revealed 81% of participants preferred their own attire when admitted to the hospital, feeling more comfortable in such when well (91%) or sick (75%). They did not feel like they "must" wear a gown when admitted (60%) and did not want to be asked about preferred inpatient attire (63%). Thematic analysis revealed that children had strong negative views of gowns and preferred to wear their own attire in the hospital, which provided physical and emotional comfort. Children worried wearing their own clothing could impede their care. CONCLUSION: Children with cancer prefer wearing their own clothes in the hospital for physical and emotional comfort. They are willing to wear gowns for ease of care; however, they do not want to arbitrate when they need to make that choice. Providers may ease distress by considering a child's own clothes as default hospital attire with instructions for when a gown is necessary for good clinical care.
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Vestuario , Neoplasias , Humanos , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Neoplasias/psicología , Neoplasias/terapia , Vestuario/psicología , Pacientes Internos/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , PercepciónRESUMEN
Increased tourism pressure modifies animal behavior, including alterations in anti-predator responses and foraging activity. In areas with high tourist presence, animals may become accustomed to increased human activity and adjust the intensity of some defensive responses. An animal's anti-predation ability is usually estimated by measuring its Alert Initiation Distance (AID) and Flight Initiation Distance (FID). Both indexes are affected by multiple factors including the color of the observer's clothing. Animal behavior is also influenced by human presence, and individuals may become accustomed to increased human presence, e.g. in tourist areas. In this study, we analysed the escape behavior of the endemic Cyprus rock agama (Laudakia cypriaca) in relation to the observers clothing color. Our results showed that AIDs and FIDs of agamas in tourist areas were significantly shorter than those in non-tourist areas. Moreover, in non-tourist areas, AIDs and FIDs of agamas were significantly longer when the observer wore red clothes, compared to green and grey clothes. Our results may be helpful in planning research taking into account various colored clothing based on expected reptilian reactions. Furthermore, our results may determine the proximity at which humans interact with animals, considering clothing color, to prevent negative impacts especially on rare and protected lizard species.
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Vestuario , Color , Lagartos , Turismo , Humanos , Animales , Lagartos/fisiología , Reacción de Fuga/fisiología , Conducta Animal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study presents the development and evaluation of an innovative intelligent garment system, incorporating 3D knitted silver biopotential electrodes, designed for long-term sports monitoring. By integrating advanced textile engineering with wearable monitoring technologies, we introduce a novel approach to real-time physiological signal acquisition, focusing on enhancing athletic performance analysis and fatigue detection. Utilizing low-resistance silver fibers, our electrodes demonstrate significantly reduced skin-to-electrode impedance, facilitating improved signal quality and reliability, especially during physical activities. The garment system, embedded with these electrodes, offers a non-invasive, comfortable solution for continuous ECG and EMG monitoring, addressing the limitations of traditional Ag/AgCl electrodes, such as skin irritation and signal degradation over time. Through various experimentation, including impedance measurements and biosignal acquisition during cycling activities, we validate the system's effectiveness in capturing high-quality physiological data. Our findings illustrate the electrodes' superior performance in both dry and wet conditions. This study not only advances the field of intelligent garments and biopotential monitoring, but also provides valuable insights for the application of intelligent sports wearables in the future.
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Electrodos , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles , Humanos , Monitoreo Fisiológico/instrumentación , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Electromiografía/métodos , Electromiografía/instrumentación , Electrocardiografía/instrumentación , Electrocardiografía/métodos , Vestuario , Textiles , Deportes/fisiología , Diseño de Equipo , Impedancia EléctricaRESUMEN
Background: Kimono is being reevaluated for its sustainability aspects, such as having fewer offcuts in the production process due to its structural differences from Western-style clothes and its high reusability due to the adaptability to individuals' body shapes. On the other hand, once a common attire for daily wear in Japan, kimono has transitioned to being worn only on special events and the kimono-related industry has also shrunk. To stimulate demand for kimono, it is essential to familiarize younger generations with its potential as daily wear. Methods: A questionnaire survey on perceptions of kimono was conducted among two groups in Japan: 211 college students and 50 kimono enthusiasts. The questionnaire included demographic questions and psychometric scales, primarily focusing on their kimono experiences, challenges associated with wearing kimono, their perceptions of kimono and Western-style clothes, and their attitudes towards kimono. Results: The results revealed that a majority of students had worn kimono before, though they found it difficult to move while wearing it. In contrast, kimono enthusiasts evaluated it as easier to move, hard to become disheveled, and casual. They also rated the ease of wearing Western-style clothes lower compared to students, and this tendency intensified with the length of enthusiast experience. Furthermore, the findings indicated that enthusiasts regarded the kimono more as daily wear compared to students, while still deriving enjoyment from it as formal attire in special events. Conclusions: These results suggest that the cognition that Western-style clothes are easy to move and kimono is not may change with experiences. Therefore, providing opportunities for people in Japan to acquire how to wear kimono in comfortable ways possibly impacts their perceptions of kimono.
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Estudiantes , Humanos , Estudiantes/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Universidades , Japón , Percepción , Vestuario/psicología , Adulto , AdolescenteRESUMEN
This study aimed to identify if biological material could be detected on the opposite side to deposition on fabric by commonly used presumptive and/or secondary tests. Additionally, this study aimed to ascertain if there is a difference in the DNA quantity and quality from samples obtained from both sides of the same substrate: cotton, polyester, denim, or combined viscose and polyester swatches. Blood, semen, or saliva (25 µL) was deposited on one side of 5 replicates of each fabric type and left for 24â¯h. Blood swatches were tested using Hemastix® and the ABACard® HemaTrace® immunoassay, semen swatches were tested using acid phosphatase (AP) reagent, the ABACard® p30® immunoassay and hematoxylin and eosin staining, and saliva swatches were tested using Phadebas® paper and the RSID-Saliva™ immunoassay. Both sides of each swatch were separately wet/dry swabbed and subjected to DNA analysis. Blood was able to be detected on the underside of all fabrics using both tests. Semen was able to be detected on the underside of swatches using the presumptive AP test but not p30®, and sperm was rarely observed. Saliva was able to be detected by RSID-Saliva™ but not Phadebas® paper when the underside of swatches were tested. Across all biological materials, DNA was able to be recovered from the top side of all 60 swatches. For the underside, DNA was able to be recovered from 54 swatches. Of the 6 swatches that DNA was unable to be recovered from, one sample was from semen and the rest were from saliva. This study has demonstrated that DNA and components of interest in forensically relevant biological material can be recovered from the opposite side to where it was originally deposited, and that observing biological material and/or DNA on one side of fabric does not definitively indicate direct deposition on that side.
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Dermatoglifia del ADN , ADN , Saliva , Semen , Textiles , Saliva/química , Semen/química , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , ADN/análisis , Inmunoensayo , Sangre , Manchas de Sangre , Fosfatasa Ácida/análisis , VestuarioRESUMEN
Pepper sprays of the OC type constitute the majority of self-defense sprays available on the market. The active ingredient in these preparations is pepper extract: Oleoresin Capsicum, which contains capsaicinoids - natural compounds with irritant properties. Preparations from OC pepper sprays can be distinguished based on differences in the quantitative ratios of four main capsaicinoids: capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, and nonivamide. This raises the question whether information on the quantitative ratios of capsaicinoids can also provide answers to questions regarding comparisons of traces of OC preparations, such as whether traces revealed on the clothing of the victim could originate from an OC spray secured from the suspect, or whether traces on the clothing of the suspect and the victim could come from the same pepper spray. Such comparisons would be viable only if the capsaicinoid profile remained unchanged during evidence storage and as a result of solvent extraction from the tested material. The aim of the presented research was to determine if this is indeed the case. Model aging experiments were conducted to examine whether the capsaicinoid profile in traces of OC preparations changed over time and whether solvent extraction affected this profile. Samples of five different OC preparations were applied to cotton swabs, which, after the evaporation of volatile solvents, were placed in three types of packaging with varying levels of tightness and transparency (tight amber vials, polyethylene bags, paper envelopes). These prepared samples underwent solvent extraction with methanol and analysis using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, after 28, 84, 147, 196, 252, and 301 days from preparation. The likelihood ratio (LR) was applied as a statistical tool to investigate the data obtained. The LR model was computed using the three variables based on the relative content of nordihydrocapsaicin, nonivamide, and dihydrocapsaicin. The cotton swabs used in the experiments served as a model for both the swabs used by the police for securing liquid evidence and the cotton clothing of individuals sprayed with OC pepper sprays. The findings of the conducted studies suggest that the quantitative relationships of capsaicinoids indeed change over time, both in preparations stored in original containers and in traces of these preparations present on clothing. For traces of OC preparations secured on swabs or present on clothing, these changes are more significant the longer the sample is stored and the less airtight the packaging used.
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Capsaicina , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Capsaicina/análisis , Capsaicina/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Factores de Tiempo , Manejo de Especímenes , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Capsicum/química , Aerosoles/análisis , VestuarioRESUMEN
Clothing change person re-identification (CC-ReID) aims to match images of the same person wearing different clothes across diverse scenes. Leveraging biological features or clothing labels, existing CC-ReID methods have demonstrated promising performance. However, current research primarily focuses on supervised CC-ReID methods, which require a substantial number of manually annotated labels. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel clothing-invariant contrastive learning (CICL) framework for unsupervised CC-ReID task. Firstly, to obtain clothing change positive pairs at a low computational cost, we propose a random clothing augmentation (RCA) method. RCA initially partitions clothing regions based on parsing images, then applies random augmentation to different clothing regions, ultimately generating clothing change positive pairs to facilitate clothing-invariant learning. Secondly, to generate pseudo-labels strongly correlated with identity in an unsupervised manner, we design semantic fusion clustering (SFC), which enhances identity-related information through semantic fusion. Additionally, we develop a semantic alignment contrastive loss (SAC loss) to encourages the model to learn features strongly correlated with identity and enhances the model's robustness to clothing changes. Unlike existing optimization methods that forcibly bring closer clusters with different pseudo-labels, SAC loss aligns the clustering results of real image features with those generated by SFC, forming a mutually reinforcing scheme with SFC. Experimental results on multiple CC-ReID datasets demonstrate that the proposed CICL not only outperforms existing unsupervised methods but can even achieves competitive performance with supervised CC-ReID methods. Code is made available at https://github.com/zqpang/CICL.
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Identificación Biométrica , Vestuario , Aprendizaje Automático no Supervisado , Humanos , Identificación Biométrica/métodos , Algoritmos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Semántica , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Análisis por ConglomeradosRESUMEN
Eyed needles are among the most iconic of Paleolithic artifacts, traditionally seen as rare indicators of prehistoric clothing, particularly tailoring. However, recent finds across Africa and Eurasia show that other technologies like bone awls also facilitated the creation of fitted garments. Nonetheless, the advent of delicate eyed needles suggests a demand for more refined, efficient sewing. This refinement may signify two major developments: the emergence of underwear in layered garment assemblages, and/or a transition in adornment from body modification to decorating clothes, as humans covered themselves more completely for thermal protection. Archaeological evidence for underwear is limited, but the Upper Paleolithic saw an increase in personal ornaments, some sewn onto clothing. Eyed needles may mark a pivotal shift as clothes acquired the social functions of dress, decoupling clothing from climate and ensuring its enduring presence.
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Arqueología , Vestuario , Humanos , Vestuario/historia , Historia AntiguaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Early initiation of breastfeeding is the initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth, which plays a significant role in a born baby's growth and survival, however its prevalence and predictors among urban full-time readymade garments (RMG) working mothers are not investigated. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and factors affecting early initiation of breastfeeding among urban RMG working mothers. METHODS: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted between March 2023 and December 2023 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 452 full-time female RMG workers were included for the quantitative study. Qualitative study was carried out among 30 full-time female RMG workers, four female physicians who were employed in the RMGs, four RMG factory managers, and four local pediatricians. RESULTS: The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was 40% among the women. It was significantly associated with various factors, including socio-cultural barriers, the advanced age of the mother (AOR 3.93, 95%CI 1.18, 13.04), lack of education (AOR 6.86, 95%CI 1.11, 42.49), lack of awareness, and cultural practices such as initiating goat milk and honey instead of breast milk. The absence of colostrum feeding (AOR 8.96, 95%CI 4.30, 18.70) and pre-lacteal feeding (AOR 0.06, 95%CI 0.03, 0.11) were significant baby feeding practice-related barriers to early initiation of breastfeeding. Maternal health factors, notably post-delivery sickness, cesarean delivery, and lack of breastmilk production, were revealed as a significant hindrance to the early initiation of breastfeeding explored from qualitative analysis. In addition, RMG factory-related factors that significantly affect early initiation of breastfeeding include a strong focus on production, a busy schedule, and a lack of initiative regarding the early initiation of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding among RMG working women is poor. This study emphasizes the need for interventions that address specific challenges of early initiation of breastfeeding faced by working mothers in RMG sectors, including improved lactation education, increased awareness to mitigate cultural barriers, RMG factory-based initiatives to empower female workers early initiation of breastfeeding, and preparing early initiation of breastfeeding -friendly post-cesarean unit at the health care facility.
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Lactancia Materna , Madres , Población Urbana , Humanos , Lactancia Materna/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna/psicología , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Femenino , Adulto , Madres/psicología , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Mujeres Trabajadoras/psicología , Vestuario , Recién Nacido , PobrezaRESUMEN
Until recently, the identification of the species of origin for skin and fur materials used in the production of archaeological clothing has been based on the analysis of macro- and microscopic morphological features and on the traditional knowledge of Indigenous groups. This approach, however, is not always applicable due to the deterioration of the archaeological objects. Paleoproteomics was used as an alternative approach to identify the species of origin of fifteen samples of various tissues from approximately 600-year-old garments found in Nuulliit, northern Greenland. Proteomics revealed that a limited group of marine and terrestrial mammals were used for clothing production. The results obtained from the analysis of multiple types of clothing and elements, such as sinew thread and gut skin, suggest that their applications were based on their properties. When conclusive assignment of a sample to a species via proteomics was not possible, the observation by transmitted light microscopy of feather and hair micromorphology, if not affected by diagenesis, was used to improve the identification. The proteomic characterization of animal materials used for clothing production in the Nuulliit archaeological context provides an insight into the practical knowledge and the strategies adopted by the local Indigenous community to exploit natural resources.
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Arqueología , Vestuario , Proteómica , Piel , Groenlandia , Arqueología/métodos , Proteómica/métodos , Animales , Piel/química , Vestuario/historia , HumanosRESUMEN
Sexual assault cases typically involve intense physical contact between victim and perpetrator, resulting in a high chance of trace transfer. In addition the victim's, and sometimes the suspect's, declaration is available, and can help direct the forensic investigation. However, many cases are still closed because of insufficient proof or an unknown perpetrator.Previously in Belgium, the forensic analysis strategy was often limited to the detection of human sperm fluid and if not found, the forensic part of the case was closed.Therefore, the Forensic Advice service from the Belgian National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC) together with the public prosecutor's office of the Judicial district Antwerp, department Antwerp started "Project code 37". In Belgium every type of crime receives a code and sexual assault cases are categorized under code 37. Because a forensic advisor focuses on the potential of forensic examination on physical objects, the project focused on cases with samples taken on the victim or clothing available.The goal of the project was to perform a contextual analysis in order to go beyond the standard sperm fluid-orientated approach and evaluate if this had a positive impact on the conviction rate. The project also aimed to evaluate the impact of the consistent use of toxicological analyses on conviction rates. Through this systematic contextual analysis, it became clear that four clear categories could be defined: (1) cases with an unknown perpetrator, (2) cases where the suspect denies all contact, (3) cases where the suspect denies (part of) the sexual contact, and (4) cases where only the consent of the victim is disputed. These categories all assumed one female victim and one male perpetrator. Together with the NICC's DNA, trace evidence and toxicology lab, an analysis strategy was drafted for the four categories. All cases that do not fit this description were gathered in a fifth category (custom-made cases), as the victim's/perpetrator's sex has a significant effect on the forensic analysis strategy. At the end of the project, a comparison was made with the same set of cases from another judicial year where the standard analysis strategy was used. For all the categories for which data was available, there was a rise of the conviction rate and a decrease in the number of dismissed cases.
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Víctimas de Crimen , Delitos Sexuales , Humanos , Masculino , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Femenino , Bélgica , Vestuario , Semen/química , Ciencias Forenses/métodosRESUMEN
In cases of sexual assault, the interpretation of biological traces on clothing, and particularly undergarments, may be complex. This is especially so when the complainant and defendant interact socially, for instance as (ex-)partners or by co-habitation. Here we present the results from a study where latent male DNA on female worn undergarments is recovered in four groups with different levels of male-female social interaction. The results conform to prior expectation, in that less interaction tend to result in less male DNA on undergarments. We explore the use of these experimental data for evaluative reporting given activity level propositions in a mock case scenario. We show how the selection of different populations to represent the social interaction between complainant and defendant may affect the strength of the evidence. We further show how datasets of limited size can be used for robust activity level evaluative reporting.