RESUMEN
In isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVCs), an abnormal vein connects venous blood from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation, resulting in an extracardiac shunt. A single aberrant pulmonary vein (PV) is usually hemodynamically insignificant, and affected patients are generally asymptomatic. We describe a young Caribbean-Black woman with an isolated, singular PAPVC from the left inferior PV to the left innominate (brachiocephalic) vein that was hemodynamically significant, obfuscated by recurrent pleural effusions from catamenial pleural endometriosis.
Asunto(s)
Venas Braquiocefálicas/anomalías , Cardiopatías Congénitas/diagnóstico por imagen , Venas Pulmonares/anomalías , Síndrome de Cimitarra/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Ecocardiografía Transesofágica , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Radiografía Torácica , Síndrome de Cimitarra/cirugíaRESUMEN
Brachycephalic syndrome (BS) in dogs is characterized by the combination of primary and secondary upper respiratory tract abnormalities and may result in significant upper airway obstruction. It can trigger inspiratory dyspnea, culminating in secondary respiratory distress, soft tissue edema, upper airway obstruction, turbulent airflow, inspiratory noise, and even death. These changes lead to increased resistance of the air passages, which can cause elevation of pulmonary pressure and clinical manifestations attributable to pulmonary hypertension. The consequence is right-sided cardiac remodeling (Cor pulmonale) with possible progression to right congestive heart failure. To investigate the effects of BS on the cardiovascular system, 28 animals were recruited for a prospective study and assigned to either the Brachycephalic Group (BG), composed of 22 French bulldogs with BS or the Control Group (CG), which was composed of 6 healthy Beagle dogs. All animals underwent a detailed physical examination, as well as laboratory analyses, electrocardiography, echocardiography, chest radiography and indirect measurement of systemic arterial blood pressure. The most relevant finding was a lower PaO2 (90.6±12.9mmHg) in BG as compared to CG (104.9±5.2), (p≤0.05), possibly attributable to hypoventilation due to anatomical alterations.(AU)
A síndrome braquicefálica (BS) é caracterizada pela combinação de anormalidades primárias e secundárias do trato respiratório superior em cães, podendo resultar em obstrução significativa das vias aéreas superiores. Pode desencadear dispneia inspiratória, culminando em dificuldade respiratória secundária, edema de tecidos moles, obstrução das vias aéreas superiores, fluxo de ar turbulento, ruído inspiratório e até morte. Essas alterações levam ao aumento da resistência da passagem do ar, o que pode causar elevação da pressão pulmonar e manifestações clínicas atribuídas à hipertensão pulmonar. A consequência é o remodelamento cardíaco do lado direito (Cor pulmonale) com possível progressão para insuficiência cardíaca congestiva direita. A fim de averiguar os efeitos da BS sobre o sistema cardiovascular, 28 animais foram recrutados para um estudo prospectivo e distribuídos em Grupo Braquicefálico (GB), composto por 22 Bulldogs franceses com síndrome braquicefálica ou Grupo Controle (GC), composto por 6 cães Beagles saudáveis. Todos os animais foram submetidos a exame físico detalhado, bem como análises laboratoriais, eletrocardiografia, ecocardiografia, radiografias torácicas e mensuração indireta de pressão arterial sistêmica. Os achados mais relevantes foram relacionados ao GB (90,6±12,9mmHg) com menor PaO2 em relação ao GC (104,9±5,2), (p≤0,05), possivelmente atribuível à hipoventilação, em decorrência das alterações anatômicas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Venas Braquiocefálicas/anomalías , Capacidad Cardiovascular , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinariaRESUMEN
Brachycephalic syndrome (BS) in dogs is characterized by the combination of primary and secondary upper respiratory tract abnormalities and may result in significant upper airway obstruction. It can trigger inspiratory dyspnea, culminating in secondary respiratory distress, soft tissue edema, upper airway obstruction, turbulent airflow, inspiratory noise, and even death. These changes lead to increased resistance of the air passages, which can cause elevation of pulmonary pressure and clinical manifestations attributable to pulmonary hypertension. The consequence is right-sided cardiac remodeling (Cor pulmonale) with possible progression to right congestive heart failure. To investigate the effects of BS on the cardiovascular system, 28 animals were recruited for a prospective study and assigned to either the Brachycephalic Group (BG), composed of 22 French bulldogs with BS or the Control Group (CG), which was composed of 6 healthy Beagle dogs. All animals underwent a detailed physical examination, as well as laboratory analyses, electrocardiography, echocardiography, chest radiography and indirect measurement of systemic arterial blood pressure. The most relevant finding was a lower PaO2 (90.6±12.9mmHg) in BG as compared to CG (104.9±5.2), (p≤0.05), possibly attributable to hypoventilation due to anatomical alterations.(AU)
A síndrome braquicefálica (BS) é caracterizada pela combinação de anormalidades primárias e secundárias do trato respiratório superior em cães, podendo resultar em obstrução significativa das vias aéreas superiores. Pode desencadear dispneia inspiratória, culminando em dificuldade respiratória secundária, edema de tecidos moles, obstrução das vias aéreas superiores, fluxo de ar turbulento, ruído inspiratório e até morte. Essas alterações levam ao aumento da resistência da passagem do ar, o que pode causar elevação da pressão pulmonar e manifestações clínicas atribuídas à hipertensão pulmonar. A consequência é o remodelamento cardíaco do lado direito (Cor pulmonale) com possível progressão para insuficiência cardíaca congestiva direita. A fim de averiguar os efeitos da BS sobre o sistema cardiovascular, 28 animais foram recrutados para um estudo prospectivo e distribuídos em Grupo Braquicefálico (GB), composto por 22 Bulldogs franceses com síndrome braquicefálica ou Grupo Controle (GC), composto por 6 cães Beagles saudáveis. Todos os animais foram submetidos a exame físico detalhado, bem como análises laboratoriais, eletrocardiografia, ecocardiografia, radiografias torácicas e mensuração indireta de pressão arterial sistêmica. Os achados mais relevantes foram relacionados ao GB (90,6±12,9mmHg) com menor PaO2 em relação ao GC (104,9±5,2), (p≤0,05), possivelmente atribuível à hipoventilação, em decorrência das alterações anatômicas.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Venas Braquiocefálicas/anomalías , Capacidad Cardiovascular , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/veterinariaRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: El sistema venoso ácigos-hemiácigos es imprescindible en el drenaje del tórax. Estos vasos se originan en la etapa embrionaria a partir de las venas supracardinales, con una serie de afluentes que parten de la pared torácica y mediastino principalmente, encontrando variedades, como nuestro hallazgo, mismos que deben ser considerados en la práctica médica. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Se presenta un caso encontrado en una disección de pieza cadavérica, de sexo masculino, en el cual se halló un tronco venoso paralelo al lado izquierdo de la columna, que resultaría de la unión de las venas hemiácigos; originándose por la confluencia de la vena subcostal y lumbar ascendente, drenando en la vena braquiocefálica del mismo lado, muy parecido a la vena ácigos, sin conexión entre ambas. DISCUSIÓN: Son muchas las variedades reportadas en diversos estudios, encontrando una clasificación de dichas anomalías en tres tipos, correspondiendo nuestro caso a la variedad tipo I, con una incidencia del 1%; dichas alteraciones pueden originarse en etapa embrionaria por la falta de diferenciación de las venas supracardinales. De esta manera, resaltamos la importancia de estas variantes en el ámbito clínico, quirúrgico e imagenológico. CONCLUSIÓN: El presente hallazgo resulta ser un caso muy particular, a diferencia de otros estudios revisados, por lo que sería pertinente ampliar el trabajo para obtener la incidencia del mismo
INTRODUCTION: The azygos-hemiazygos venous system is necessary in the drainage of the thorax. These vessels originate in the embryological phase from the supracardinal veins, with a series of tributaries that begin in the thoracic Wall and mediastinum mainly, finding varieties, such as our finding, which must be considered in medical practice. CASE PRESENTATION: In a male corpse dissection we found a venous trunk parallel to the left side of the vertebral column which would result in the joining of the hemiazygos veins; beginning in the confluence of the subcostal vein and ascending lumbar, draining in the brachiocephalic vein on the same side, similar to the azygos vein, without any connection between them. DISCUSSION: There are many varieties reported in diverse studies, which can be categorized in three types. Ours corresponds to type I, with an incidence of 1%. Such varieties can originate in embryological phase due to the lack of differentiation of supracardinal veins. We can highlight the importance of such varieties in the clinical and surgical fields. CONCLUSION: Our finding is a very particular case, unlike other revised studies, which is why it would be pertinent to further research this topic
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Circulación Sanguínea/fisiología , Venas Braquiocefálicas/anomalías , CadáverRESUMEN
During anatomical dissection of a female Caucasian cadaver in our department, we observed an unusual termination of seven veins at the jugulo-subclavian junction. Normally, the jugulo-subclavian junction is formed by the union of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein, and gives rise to the brachionocephalic vein. In our case, except from these two, five additional veins, namely the cephalic vein, the transverse cervical vein, the external jugular vein, the anterior jugular vein, and the vertebral vein, were also joined at the level of the jugulo-subclavian junction, in order to form the brachionocephalic vein. Such a variation has not yet been reported in the literature.
Durante la disección anatómica de un cadáver caucásico femenino, se observó una inusual terminación de siete venas en el lugar de unión yúgulo-subclavia. Normalmente, la unión yúgulo-subclavia consiste en la unión de la vena yugular interna y la vena subclavia, que forman la vena braquiocefálica. En nuestro caso, además de estas dos venas, se observaron cinco venas adicionales, la vena cefálica, la vena cervical transversa, la vena yugular externa, la vena yugular anterior y la vena vertebral, la que también se unió en el nivel de la unión yúgulo-subclavia, a fin de formar la vena braquiocefálica. Tal variación no ha sido reportado en la literatura.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Vena Subclavia/anatomía & histología , Vena Subclavia/anomalías , Venas Braquiocefálicas/anatomía & histología , Venas Braquiocefálicas/anomalías , Venas Yugulares/anatomía & histología , Venas Yugulares/anomalías , CadáverRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Left superior vena cava draining to a dilated coronary sinus can cause left ventricular inflow obstruction. Our purpose is to report 4 severely ill patients with this malformation who were operated upon and in whom repair was accomplished using an original surgical approach. METHODS: An operative procedure was designed, which included complete resection of the wall of the coronary sinus along its entire extension in the left atrium; division of the left superior vena cava; and establishment of the left superior vena cava-right atrial continuity by a wide left superior vena cava-right atrial appendage anastomosis. The series included 1 patient with interrupted inferior vena cava-hemiazygous continuation to left superior vena cava. RESULTS: There were no deaths. Absence of residual left ventricular inflow obstruction was demonstrated at follow-up in all cases, together with an unobstructed left superior vena cava-right atrial appendage-right atrial connection. CONCLUSIONS: A predictable relief of the left ventricular inflow obstruction, together with preservation of an adequate drainage for the systemic venous return, were both achieved with this repair.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/cirugía , Ventrículos Cardíacos/anomalías , Vena Cava Superior/anomalías , Obstrucción del Flujo Ventricular Externo/cirugía , Apéndice Atrial/cirugía , Venas Braquiocefálicas/anomalías , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Angiografía Coronaria , Circulación Coronaria , Anomalías de los Vasos Coronarios/complicaciones , Dilatación Patológica/cirugía , Femenino , Atrios Cardíacos/cirugía , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Obstrucción del Flujo Ventricular Externo/etiologíaRESUMEN
Subaortic left brachiocephalic, or innominate, vein is an uncommon finding in congenital heart disease, usually associated with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. We describe our experience with 14 patients in whom the lesion was identified echocardiographically, 12 of them with right ventricular obstruction, one with totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection in the absence of obstruction to the right ventricular outflow tract, and the final one with a normal heart. A precise diagnosis of this venous anomaly is of great importance, since it needs to be differentiated from a central pulmonary artery, a pulmonary venous confluence, or an ascending vertical vein in totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection. In patients referred for surgery without catheterization, an incorrect echocardiographic diagnosis could lead to disastrous surgical results.