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BACKGROUND: In pediatric cardiology, the fact that some new biomarkers have assay-specific normal values has to be considered for correct clinical decisions. The current study aimed to provide age-adjusted normative values for NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 using the Abbott immunoassay system from a prospective French pediatric cohort sera collection and to validate our data for NT-proBNP on a second retrospective cohort. METHODS: We analyzed 283 consecutive samples for NT-proBNP and 140 samples for Galectin-3 collected from apparently healthy children (0-18 years) with outpatient treatment at our institution (Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France) during 24 months. RESULTS: For NT-proBNP and Galectin-3, we establish four age partitions, respectively two (<2 years / >2 years) and establish upper reference values and their 90 % CI for each biomarker (Galectin-3 (ng/mL): 56 [44-70] / 26 [23-29]). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of our upper reference values of NT-proBNP on a retrospective cohort (n = 428) with positive predictive value of 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: Using Abbott immunoassay system, we report age-specific reference values for NT-proBNP and for the first time for Galectin-3 in a healthy French pediatric cohort. These data call for larger cohort studies to define more robustly percentiles and diagnostic performance for NT-proBNP.
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Galectina 3 , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Humanos , Niño , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Adolescente , Preescolar , Lactante , Francia , Valores de Referencia , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Femenino , Galectina 3/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Masculino , Recién Nacido , Inmunoensayo/normas , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Galectinas/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To establish age and gender-specific paediatric and adult reference data for muscle function parameters assessed using Jumping Mechanography in the Indian population. METHODS: 2056 healthy individuals (1068 males), aged 5 to 60 years, performed 2 tests on a force platform (Leonardo Mechanograph, Novotec). Maximum power (Pmax) was assessed by single two legged jump and maximum force (Fmax) by multiple one legged hopping. LMS method was used to generate age and gender-specific reference curves for 5 - 20y group and mean ± SD and median ± IQR are presented for 21 - 60y group. RESULTS: In 5 - 20y group, Pmax and Fmax increased with age while in 21 - 60y group, the parameters declined with age. Females had lower Pmax values than males, consistently through all age groups. In children <15y, there were no intergender differences in Fmax, however, in further age groups, females had lower Fmax (p<0.001). Our participants showed lower Pmax and Fmax when compared with machine reference data based on German population (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We present ethnicity-specific reference values for muscle function by Jumping Mechanography. These values are intended to help in clinical assessment of muscle function of Indian population and to identify those at risk of poor muscle function.
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Músculo Esquelético , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , India , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Preescolar , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Caracteres Sexuales , Miografía/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Anterior fontanelles (AFs) of healthy newborn infants vary widely in size, this being a function of race, geographical location, gender, birth weight, mode of delivery and gestation. Abnormal variations in AF size portend a serious pathology of the cranium or intracranial structures. The established reference value for normal AF size is, therefore, an essential diagnostic tool. This study was conducted to determine the mean AF size and factors that are associated with its variability among apparently healthy term neonates in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria. METHODS: AF size was measured in 200 healthy inborn term neonates between 24 and 48 h post-delivery using a modified version of Mattur's method. Other parameters measured were head circumference, birth weight and length. Relevant statistical methods were used for data analysis, and P < 0.05 at a confidence interval of 95% was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Eighty-six (43%) of the babies were males, and the mean birth weight and gestation were 3.09 (0.37) kg and 38.8 (1.2) weeks, respectively. Majority (72%) were delivered spontaneously per vagina. The mean (± SD) AF size of the study neonates was 2.62 (0.72) cm (2.53 [0.61] cm in males and 2.69 [0.79] cm in females). Neither gender nor mode of delivery affected AF size significantly. There was no significant correlation between AF size and occipitofrontal circumference. CONCLUSION: AF size for term babies in our hospital differs from AF sizes reported from other parts of the world, further reiterating the utility of local/regional neonatal AF reference values.
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Peso al Nacer , Cefalometría , Fontanelas Craneales , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Nigeria , Femenino , Masculino , Fontanelas Craneales/anatomía & histología , Valores de Referencia , Cefalometría/métodos , Edad GestacionalRESUMEN
CONTEXT: The mucociliary clearance system is an important component in the prevention of chronic inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus. AIM: The study aims to establish the normal values of mucociliary clearance in our region and to study the variation in mucociliary activity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in Ilorin, North-central Nigeria. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study using consecutive consenting participants in both the control and study groups carried out at both family medicine and otorhinolaryngology clinics among patients attending the clinics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: After ethical approval was sought, informed consent was obtained from patients, a modified version of the validated health questionnaire was filled, semi-structured questionnaires were also filled after which patient undergo anterior rhinoscopy, nasal patency test and spirometry was done. The saccharine test has been used to measure nasal-mucociliary clearance time in the past. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: All information were entered into SPSS version 20 and analysed descriptively, and results were presented in tables and figures. RESULTS: Consecutive consenting 125 patients with rhinosinusitis (study group) and those without rhinosinusitis (control group) underwent naso-mucociliary clearance test. There were 34 males and 91 females with a male:female ratio of 1:2.6 among the study group and 55 males and 70 females with a male:female ratio of 1:1.3 for the control group. The age range was from 18 to 68 years with 18-40 years constituting the modal age group. The mean age for the studied group was 35.7 years while that of the control group was 33.1 years. The mean naso-mucociliary clearance time among the study group was 35.1 min standard deviation (SD = 12.32 ± 1.63), while among the control group, it was 14.8 min (SD = 5.59 ± 0.43). CONCLUSION: Compared to the control group, there was a roughly 200% prolonged increase in the duration of naso-mucociliary clearance time among patients with rhinosinusitis. There was also a positive correlation with increasing age. Future studies comparing the pre-operative and post-operative treatment of rhinosinusitis will contribute to knowledge.
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Depuración Mucociliar , Rinitis , Sinusitis , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Nigeria , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , Enfermedad Crónica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Anciano , Valores de Referencia , RinosinusitisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the significance of serum hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/HIF-2 α and Chitinase 3-Like protein 1 (YKL-40) levels in the assessment of vascular invasion and prognostic outcomes in patients with Follicular Thyroid Cancer (FTC). METHODS: This prospective study comprised 83 patients diagnosed with FTC, who were subsequently categorized into a recurrence group (17 cases) and a non-recurrence group (66 cases). The pathological features of tumor vascular invasion were classified. Serum HIF-1α/HIF-2α and YKL-40 were quantified using a dual antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while serum Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. The Spearman test was employed to assess the correlation between serum factors, and the predictive value of diagnostic factors was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was utilized to analyze independent factors influencing prognosis. RESULTS: Serum HIF-1α, HIF-2α, YKL-40, and Tg were elevated in patients exhibiting higher vascular invasion. A significant positive correlation was observed between Tg and HIF-1α, as well as between HIF-1α and YKL-40. The cut-off values for HIF-1α and YKL-40 in predicting recurrence were 48.25 pg/mL and 60.15 ng/mL, respectively. Patients exceeding these cut-off values experienced a lower recurrence-free survival rate. Furthermore, serum levels surpassing the cut-off value, in conjunction with vascular invasion (v2+), were identified as independent risk factors for recurrence in patients with FTC. CONCLUSION: Serum HIF-1α/HIF-2α and YKL-40 levels correlate with vascular invasion in FTC, and the combination of HIF-1α and YKL-40 predicts recurrence in patients with FTC.
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Adenocarcinoma Folicular , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Proteína 1 Similar a Quitinasa-3 , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Invasividad Neoplásica , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Humanos , Proteína 1 Similar a Quitinasa-3/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Adulto , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/sangre , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patología , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/mortalidad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/sangre , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/mortalidad , Anciano , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/sangre , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Valores de Referencia , Adulto Joven , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Curva ROCRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The reference values of eNO have certain differences among people of different countries and races. We aimed to obtain the reference value of eNO in healthy children and adolescents (6-18 years old) in China and to explore the associations between the reference values with ages, gender, heights, BMI, and regions. METHODS: We measured FeNO50 levels in 5949 healthy Chinese children and adolescents, FeNO200 and CaNO levels in 658 participants from 16 provinces of 7 administrative areas in China aged 6-18. All persons were studied after obtaining informed consent from children and their parents. RESULTS: The mean FeNO50 of 5949 Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years was 14.1 ppb, with a 95% confidence interval of 1-38.1 ppb. The mean FeNO200 of 658 persons was 6.9 ppb with a 95% upper confidence interval of 15.0 ppb, and the mean CaNO was 3.0 ppb with a 95% upper confidence interval of 11.2 ppb. In the 6-11 age group, age and height were correlated with the logarithm of FeNO50 (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the logarithm of FeNO200 and gender, age, height and BMI (all P > 0.05). The logarithm of CaNO was correlated with gender (P < 0.05). In the 12-18 age group, gender, height, and region were correlated with the logarithm of FeNO50 (all P < 0.001). There was only a weak correlation between the logarithm of FeNO200 and height (P < 0.001). The logarithm of CaNO was negatively correlated with age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Higher FeNO50, FeNO200 and CaNO values were found in healthy children and adolescents in China compared with foreign reports, and is affected by age, height, gender, and region. This study provides useful references for clinical application of eNO in children, especially Asian children.
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Pruebas Respiratorias , Espiración , Óxido Nítrico , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Valores de Referencia , China/epidemiología , Óxido Nítrico/análisis , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estudios Transversales , Espiración/fisiología , Pruebas Respiratorias/métodos , Voluntarios Sanos , Factores de EdadRESUMEN
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular thrombosis and obstetric morbidity, with accurate laboratory examination of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) being crucial for diagnosis. This study focused on anti-ß2 glycoprotein I (aß2GPI) antibodies and aimed to establish the first population-based cutoff values for aß2GPI IgA/IgM/IgG antibodies in non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Southwest China. The study cohort comprised 181 healthy women of reproductive age for study. Blood samples were collected on an early morning fast. Anti-ß2GPI antibodies including IgA, IgM and IgG were measured in serum using the HOB® BioCLIA kit. According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, the study used non-parametric percentile methods to calculate the 95th, 97.5th, and 99th percentiles cutoff values for aß2GPI IgA/IgM/IgG antibodies, along with corresponding 90% confidence intervals (CI), while excluding outliers. A total of 168 independent samples were collected for verification, including 85 samples from healthy subjects and 83 samples from APS patients, in order to evaluate the analytical performance of the obtained cutoff values. The 99th percentile cutoff values were 3.36 RU/mL for aß2GPI IgA, 27.54 RU/mL for aß2GPI IgM and 1.81 RU/mL for aß2GPI IgG, which indicated that the levels of aß2GPI IgM antibodies were generally higher compared to those of IgA and IgG antibodies. Our established reference range was confirmed to be successful in validating the detected values of aß2GPI antibodies in all healthy controls. With the 99th percentile cutoff value, the sensitivity was 14.46% for aß2GPI IgA, 22.89% for aß2GPI IgG, and 9.64% for aß2GPI IgM in APS patients. This study established population-based cutoff values that are applicable to the local population for the accurate laboratory examination of aß2GPI antibodies in non-pregnant women of reproductive age. The study also recommends paying more attention to IgM positivity in women of reproductive age.
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Síndrome Antifosfolípido , Inmunoglobulina G , Inmunoglobulina M , beta 2 Glicoproteína I , Humanos , Femenino , beta 2 Glicoproteína I/inmunología , Adulto , China , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/inmunología , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/sangre , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/diagnóstico , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antifosfolípidos/inmunología , Adulto Joven , Valores de Referencia , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , AdolescenteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in serum nitric oxide levels between patients who return spontaneously after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and those who do not. We also examined the potential of using serum nitric oxide levels as a marker to make an accurate decision about patient survival. METHODS: We included 100 consecutive patients who were brought to the emergency clinic due to cardiac arrest. Blood samples were taken from these patients at admission, 30 min after admission, and when resuscitation was terminated. RESULTS: We found that there was a significant difference in NO1 and NO3 values between the group of patients who did not return after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the group in which spontaneous circulation returned. The NO1 value was significant in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, while the NO3 value was not. A higher NO1 value provided a higher rate of survival. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that nitric oxide may be a useful parameter to support the decision about patient survival. A higher NO1 value is associated with a better prognosis and survival rate. Therefore, serum nitric oxide levels may be a suitable indicator to support the decision-making process regarding patient survival.
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Biomarcadores , Reanimación Cardiopulmonar , Óxido Nítrico , Retorno de la Circulación Espontánea , Humanos , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Prospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Anciano , Retorno de la Circulación Espontánea/fisiología , Pronóstico , Paro Cardíaco/sangre , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Paro Cardíaco/mortalidad , Curva ROC , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Adulto , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To develop an allometric body mass index (ABMI) reference that adjusts the weight in relation to height, taking into account the changes during development (MULT ABMI reference), and to compare it with international BMI references. METHODS: The MULT ABMI reference was constructed through the LMS method, calculated with 65 644 ABMI observations of 17 447 subjects aged 5-22 years, from the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, India, Peru, Vietnam, Portugal, and Brazil. The M, S, and L curves of the MULT ABMI reference were compared with the curves of the MULT, World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), and Dutch Growth Study (DUTCH). RESULTS: The greater differences in the M curve between MULT ABMI and WHO, CDC, IOTF, DUTCH, and MULT BMI references were around puberty (138 to 150 months for boys; 114 to 132 for girls). MULT ABMI presented S values similar to IOTF and DUTCH BMI references for boys 60 to 114 months and then became higher, approaching the MULT BMI S values from 198 to 240 months. For girls the MULT ABMI S values were close to the IOTF, CDC, and DUTCH from 60 to 110 months, and then became higher, approaching the MULT BMI S values until 240 months. CONCLUSION: MULT ABMI presented an advantage in comparison to the existing BMI references because it takes into account the growth changes during puberty and is a new option to assess the nutritional status of multiethnic populations.
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Índice de Masa Corporal , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Brasil , Adulto Joven , Valores de Referencia , Estatura , Vietnam , Peso Corporal , India , Perú , Etiopía , Reino Unido , Portugal , EtnicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the variation trend of renal function for healthy pregnant women at different gestational ages and aimed to establish RIs for renal function set tests according to the trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: A total of 120 healthy pregnant women and 40 healthy non-pregnant women were enrolled in this study and divided into early trimester (1 - 13 weeks of gestation, n = 40), second trimester (14 - 27 weeks of gestation, n = 40), third trimester (≥ 28 weeks of gestation, n = 40), and a non-pregnant women group (n = 40). Analytes of UA, BUN, Cr, ß2-MG, Cys-C, RBP, NAG, CO2, HCY, C1q, and NGAL were measured by using the analytical systems of the Second Xiangya Hospital. The RIs were defined by using non-parametric 95% intervals. RESULTS: The RIs for UA, Cr, ß2-MG, NAG, CO2, Hcy, and C1q were established for the first and second trimester group and the third trimester group. There were huge differences after pregnancy. The RIs for BUN were different for the 1 - 13 weeks group and the after 14 weeks group. There were significant differences for NGAL in pregnant and non-pregnant women, but not for Cys-C and RBP. CONCLUSIONS: The RIs for renal function tests in pregnant women were established, thus providing clinical reference intervals for the clinicians.
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Pruebas de Función Renal , Riñón , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Pruebas de Función Renal/métodos , Pruebas de Función Renal/normas , Valores de Referencia , Riñón/fisiología , Riñón/fisiopatología , Edad Gestacional , Trimestres del Embarazo/fisiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the wettability and adhesion of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes formed on the surface of 8 commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) disks and 12 dental implants (n = 12) by anodization in a glycerol-H2O (50-50 v/v) electrolyte containing NH4F. Two disk specimens were not submitted to anodization (controls). The nanotubes thus obtained had average dimensions of 50 nm in diameter by 900 nm in length. The treated disk specimens were stored for 2, 14 and 35 days (n = 2), and the wettability of their surfaces was evaluated with a goniometer at the end of each storing period. The adhesion of nanotubes to titanium was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy after subjecting the 12 implants to a simulation of clinical stress in two-part synthetic bone blocks. After installing the implants with the application of an insertion torque, the two halves of the block were separated, and the implants were removed. The nanotubes remained adhered to the substrate, with no apparent deformation. The contact angles after 14 days and 35 days were 16.47° and 17.97°, respectively, values significantly higher than that observed at 2 days, which was 9.24° (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the method of anodic oxidation tested promoted the formation of a surface suitable for clinical use, containing nanotubes with levels of wettability and adhesion to titanium compatible with those obtained by other methods found in the literature. The wettability, however, did not prove stable over the tested storage periods.
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Implantes Dentales , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Nanotubos , Oxidación-Reducción , Propiedades de Superficie , Titanio , Humectabilidad , Titanio/química , Factores de Tiempo , Nanotubos/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Valores de Referencia , Análisis de Varianza , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Borosilicate glass was developed to enhance the mechanical behavior and smoothness of dental zirconia as an alternative to conventional glaze. This study assessed the mechanical and optical properties of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) coated with borosilicate glass or a commercial glaze fired for an extended period of time. Disc-shaped 3Y-TZP zirconia specimens (Zpex, Tosoh) were sintered at 1550°C for 2 hours. The specimens were divided into three groups: as-sintered (control, C); commercial glaze (G); and borosilicate glass (SL). The glaze and borosilicate glass were applied over the zirconia and fired for 20 minutes at 950°C and 1200°C, respectively. Biaxial flexural strength, fractography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), roughness (Ra and Rz), fracture toughness (Vickers indentation method), color difference (∆E00), and translucency (TP00) analyses were conducted. The t-test or the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05). Flexural strength data were subjected to the Weibull analysis. The SL group exhibited the highest flexural strength (1025.8 MPa), whereas the C (859.41 MPa) and G (816.0 MPa) groups exhibited similar values. The SL group also had the highest characteristic strength. The fracture origin in all groups was on the zirconia surface. XRD analysis revealed that the specimens from the SL group contained tetragonal, cubic, and monoclinic phases. The SL group presented the lowest surface roughness. Fracture toughness in the SL group was lower than in the C group, but similar to that observed in the G group. The translucency and color differences observed in the G and SL groups were similar. Borosilicate glass enhanced the flexural strength of 3Y-TZP, promoted the smoothest surface, and exhibited optical properties similar to those of the glaze.
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Vidrio , Ensayo de Materiales , Propiedades de Superficie , Difracción de Rayos X , Itrio , Circonio , Circonio/química , Itrio/química , Vidrio/química , Análisis de Varianza , Factores de Tiempo , Resistencia Flexional , Silicatos/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Valores de Referencia , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Color , Fenómenos Ópticos , Pruebas de Dureza , Materiales Dentales/químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding arginine at different concentrations to commercial and experimental orthodontic resins on shear bond strength (SBS), as well as on the antimicrobial activity of arginine against S. mutans. Metal brackets were bonded onto the surface of 120 bovine incisors using Transbond, OrthoCem, and an experimental resin (ER), adding 0, 2.5, 5, and 7 wt.% of arginine. The SBS test was performed in deionized water at 37 ºC for 24 h, at 0.5 mm/min. SBS test results were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). CFU/mL data (antimicrobial assessment) were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α = 0.05). No statistical difference between the resins was observed in untreated groups (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine at 2.5% (27.7 MPa) and 5% (29.0 MPa) increased the SBS of Transbond when compared (p < 0.05) to OrthoCem (18.5 and 15.6 MPa, respectively) and ER (16.3 and 18.1 MPa, respectively). Arginine at 7% improved the SBS of Transbond (24.1 MPa) and ER (21.0 MPa), which was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than OrthoCem (12.6 MPa). OrthoCem did not show a statistically significant difference at the three concentrations of arginine (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine to resins reduced the count of S. mutans (p < 0.05). As for ER, all concentrations of arginine significantly decreased CFU/mL (p < 0.05). Among commercial resins, only 7% of arginine significantly reduced CFU/mL. The addition of arginine did not interfere with the bond strength and demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. mutans.
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Arginina , Ensayo de Materiales , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Cementos de Resina , Resistencia al Corte , Streptococcus mutans , Arginina/química , Arginina/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Varianza , Cementos de Resina/química , Factores de Tiempo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de los fármacos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Valores de Referencia , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo/métodos , Bisfenol A Glicidil MetacrilatoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension is a condition that involves the remodeling of the right ventricle. Ongoing remodeling is also associated with disease prognosis. During the restructuring process, complex changes such as hypertrophy and dilatation may also be reflected in electrocardiographic parameters. OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between prognosis and electrocardiographic parameters in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. METHODS: The study was designed retrospectively and included patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension between 2010 and 2022. The patients were divided into two groups based on their survival outcome. Various parameters, including electrocardiographic, demographic, echocardiographic, catheter, and blood parameters, were compared between the two groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In the multivariate Cox analyses, the parameters that were found to be independently associated with survival were the 6-minute walk test, mean pulmonary artery pressure, presence of pericardial effusion, and time between the beginning of the QRS and the peak of the S wave (RS time) (p<0.05 for each). Of all the parameters, RS time demonstrated the best diagnostic performance (AUC:0.832). In the survival analysis, a significant correlation was found between RS time and survival when using a cut-off value of 59.5 ms (HR: 0.06 [0.02-0.17], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of our study, a longer RS time is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We can obtain information about the course of the disease with a simple, non-invasive parameter.
FUNDAMENTO: A hipertensão pulmonar é uma condição que envolve a remodelação do ventrículo direito. A remodelação contínua também está associada ao prognóstico da doença. Durante o processo de reestruturação, alterações complexas como hipertrofia e dilatação também podem se refletir nos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos. OBJETIVOS: Nosso estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre prognóstico e parâmetros eletrocardiográficos em pacientes com hipertensão arterial pulmonar. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi desenhado retrospectivamente e incluiu pacientes com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial pulmonar entre 2010 e 2022. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos com base no resultado de sobrevida. Vários parâmetros, incluindo parâmetros eletrocardiográficos, demográficos, ecocardiográficos, de cateter e sanguíneos, foram comparados entre os dois grupos. Um valor de p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: Na análise multivariada de Cox, os parâmetros que se mostraram independentemente associados à sobrevida foram o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, pressão média da artéria pulmonar, presença de derrame pericárdico e tempo entre o início do QRS e o pico da onda S (tempo de RS) (p<0,05 para cada). De todos os parâmetros, o tempo de RS demonstrou o melhor desempenho diagnóstico (AUC: 0,832). Na análise de sobrevida, foi encontrada correlação significativa entre o tempo de RS e a sobrevida ao utilizar o valor de corte de 59,5 ms (HR: 0,06 [0,02-0,17], p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: De acordo com os resultados do nosso estudo, um tempo de RS mais longo está associado a um pior prognóstico em pacientes com hipertensão arterial pulmonar. Podemos obter informações sobre o curso da doença com um parâmetro simples e não invasivo.
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Electrocardiografía , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Pronóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Factores de Tiempo , Ecocardiografía , Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar/mortalidad , Hipertensión Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Hipertensión Pulmonar/mortalidad , Anciano , Valores de Referencia , Prueba de PasoRESUMEN
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the normal range of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL), and macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL) thickness in cynomolgus macaques, and explore their inter-relationship and correlation with age, refractive errors, and axial length (AL). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we measured biometric and refractive parameters, and pRNFL/mGCL/mIPL thickness in 357 healthy cynomolgus macaques. Monkeys were divided into groups by age and spherical equivalent (SE). Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between pRNFL and mGCL/mIPL thickness, and their correlation with the above parameters. Results: The mean age, SE, and AL were 14.46 ± 6.70 years, -0.96 ± 3.23 diopters (D), and 18.39 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. The mean global pRNFL thickness was 95.06 ± 9.42 µm (range = 54-116 µm), with highest values in the inferior quadrant, followed by the superior, temporal, and nasal quadrants (P < 0.001). Temporal pRNFL thickness correlated positively with age (r = 0.218, P < 0.001) and AL (r = 0.364, P < 0.001), and negatively with SE (r = -0.270, P < 0.001). In other quadrants, pRNFL thickness correlated negatively with age and AL, but positively with SE. In the multivariable linear regression model, adjusted for sex and AL, age (ß = -0.350, P < 0.001), and SE (ß = 0.206, P < 0.001) showed significant associations with global pRNFL thickness. After adjusting for age, sex, SE, and AL, pRNFL thickness positively correlated with mGCL (ß = 0.433, P < 0.001) and mIPL thickness (ß = 0.465, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The pRNFL/mGCL/mIPL thickness distribution and relationship with age, AL, and SE in cynomolgus macaques were highly comparable to those in humans, suggesting that cynomolgus monkeys are valuable animal models in ophthalmic research.
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Macaca fascicularis , Fibras Nerviosas , Células Ganglionares de la Retina , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Animales , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/citología , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Femenino , Disco Óptico/anatomía & histología , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Longitud Axial del Ojo/anatomía & histología , Valores de Referencia , Biometría , Errores de Refracción/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Acute phase proteins (APP) and protein electrophoresis (EPH) offer crucial insights into inflammation and overall health in various species. In this study, we validated serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) reagents for use with serum samples from gibbons (Hylobatidae, n = 50), spanning five species across four gibbon genera: eastern hoolock (Hoolock leuconedys), Javan (Hylobates moloch), pileated (Hylobates pileatus), siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus), and white-cheeked (Nomascus leucogenys). Preliminary reference intervals (n = 50) were calculated for SAA (1.8-48.1 mg/L), CRP (0.1-11.1 mg/L), and EPH via capillary zone electrophoresis, in healthy gibbons. Comparing clinically normal (n = 38) and abnormal (n = 12) individuals, significant differences were observed in the albumin/globulin ratio (P = 0.0003), prealbumin (P = 0.0345), and albumin (P = 0.0094), with abnormal individuals exhibiting statistically significantly higher γ-globulins (P = 0.0224), SAA (P = 0.0001), and CRP (P = 0.0003). Despite significant chromosomal rearrangements among different gibbon species, we found no statistically significant differences of SAA and CRP levels across species. However, some differences between species were observed in EPH fractions. This study presents the first report of the evaluation of APP and EPH in gibbons, underscoring the potential use of these biomarkers in gibbon health monitoring. Further research with larger sample sizes of both normal and abnormal gibbons is recommended to solidify the clinical utility of these biomarkers in these species.
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Proteínas de Fase Aguda , Animales , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/análisis , Hylobates/sangre , Animales de Zoológico/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Valores de Referencia , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/análisis , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/metabolismo , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are considered a keystone species of North American grasslands and an important economic source for many landowners in Texas. Pronghorn restoration projects routinely capture and translocate individuals from surplus populations to restoration areas. The objective of this study was to generate normal hematological and biochemical reference intervals (RI) for free-ranging pronghorn populations in Texas as a health monitoring tool for pronghorn restoration efforts. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture and divided among an EDTA tube, serum separator tube, and a single blood smear on site. Complete blood counts and biochemical profiles were completed at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. In total, 417 individuals (41 males, 376 females) were included in the analysis. RI were determined by robust methods (R Studio) and mixed models' analysis of variance (SPSS 28) to examine differences in blood parameters due to fever, sex, age (adult versus yearling [<1 yr of age]), cell abnormalities, and pathogen exposure reported by the testing laboratory. Sex, age, and pathogen exposure affected mean blood values, but did not warrant development of separate RI by class. Bluetongue virus was identified in 46.8% (195/417) of pronghorns and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in 89.4% (194/217) of pronghorns; 84.8% (184/217) of the pronghorns tested positive for both diseases. This information provides baseline hematology and biochemical parameters to assess the health of free-ranging pronghorn and guide wildlife managers in decision-making for future translocations and restoration objectives.
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Animales Salvajes , Animales , Texas , Valores de Referencia , Femenino , Masculino , Animales Salvajes/sangre , Antílopes/sangre , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinaria , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinariaRESUMEN
The lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) is a small falcon with a Euro-Central and Asian-Mediterranean range wintering in sub-Saharan Africa. In the second half of the 20th century, the European population experienced a steep decline and was classified as at risk; thus, its biological and ecological aspects have been widely investigated. Nonetheless, data on hematology and plasma chemistry are not yet available. Therefore, hematology and biochemistry parameters were investigated in a sampling population of clinically healthy lesser kestrels (21 female and 10 male adults) from an Italian rescue center during breeding season, estimating the 95% (2.5 - 97.5th percentile) reference intervals (RI) for standard tests based on either parametric or robust statistical methods. The effect of sex on the referenced parameters was also tested and showed no statically significant differences. The established 95% RI highlighted values comparable with those of other similar raptors such as American kestrel (Falco sparverius) and peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). As the first recorded hematology and serum chemistry RI, these clinical data could support conservation efforts and clarify the effects of various environmental and ecological factors on the clinical and health status of lesser kestrels, although they should be reinforced with further data from healthy wild animals.
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Falconiformes , Animales , Falconiformes/sangre , Femenino , Valores de Referencia , Italia , Masculino , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinaria , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinaria , Animales Salvajes/sangre , Hematócrito/veterinariaRESUMEN
Between the years 2022 and 2023, 62 red kite (Milvus milvus) nestlings were translocated from England to Spain to bolster declining populations in mainland Europe as part of a wider conservation initiative. Health examinations were undertaken by veterinarians ahead of translocation, including examination of hematology and biochemistry parameters from blood samples. This study aimed to establish reference values for these parameters in nestling red kites for use in future translocations or for other clinical purposes. All individuals included in the analysis were clinically healthy at the time of sampling. Biochemical reference intervals were comparable to published values for other Accipitridae, although differences in hematology were noted: PCV was generally lower; and WBC counts higher than (up to triple) those reported for related species of a similar age. It is hypothesized that these differences reflect species variations or the effects of the stress of recent capture on the immune system of the red kites. A Leucocytozoon species was identified on blood smears of six of the red kites. The reference intervals presented in this study are representative of free-living red kite nestlings in England that have recently been captured for conservation translocation purposes.
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Falconiformes , Animales , Valores de Referencia , Inglaterra , Falconiformes/sangre , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinaria , Femenino , Análisis Químico de la Sangre/veterinaria , Masculino , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Hematócrito/veterinaria , HumanosRESUMEN
Protein electrophoresis (PEP) is an important tool in mammals to characterize specific dysproteinemias and detect acute and chronic inflammatory responses. In reptiles, PEP is the gold standard method for globulin fraction determination and albumin measurement. In this study, preliminary reference intervals were established for serum PEP in 22 clinically healthy adult Roti Island snake-necked turtles (Chelodina mccordi), a critically endangered species, kept in captivity and sampled over two monsoon seasons. The species has a prominent prealbumin fraction and ß-globulins were the dominant globulin fraction. Significant differences between females and males were found in prealbumin (P < 0.01), albumin (P = 0.02), α1-globulin (P = 0.05) and γ-globulin (P = 0.01). Gravid females had significantly lower total protein (P < 0.01), prealbumin (P < 0.01), albumin (P < 0.01) and albumin:globulin ratio (P = 0.01). These preliminary reference intervals should aid in clinical investigation in this species as well as further research studies seeking to understand the application of PEP in reptilian species.