RESUMEN
Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, intensive measures were taken to mitigate its negative health, psychological, social, and economic impact. COVID-19 continues to pose serious threats globally, with vaccination as the central safe strategy to control the pandemic. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a major concern, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Concerns regarding vaccine safety, efficacy, and misinformation contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Addressing these concerns and providing accurate information is crucial for increasing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in this region, where the coverage is low. Variable rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were found in the numerous studies conducted in the region. Complex factors contributed to vaccination hesitancy in the region including concerns about COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy, low trust in healthcare systems, complacency toward the risks of COVID-19, constraints hindering access to COVID-19 vaccination services, as well as the circulation of misinformation and conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 and its vaccination. Effective approaches to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the MENA region rely on developing evidence-based communication strategies that are recommended to build trust in vaccination, highlight the disease risks, and counter COVID-19 vaccine-related misinformation. Ensuring COVID-19 vaccine affordability is also necessary besides the cautious consideration of implementing COVID-19 vaccine mandates. Based on the preceding discussion, this chapter aims to identify the common themes of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the MENA region. In addition, the chapter highlights the importance of understanding the root causes of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and its associated determinants to develop effective strategies for promoting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in the MENA region. To build community trust, promote community education and awareness, and counter misinformation for better COVID-19 vaccine coverage in the region, it is recommended to involve healthcare professionals and policymakers.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Medio Oriente/epidemiología , África del Norte/epidemiología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Vacunación/psicología , Pandemias/prevención & control , Comunicación , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en SaludRESUMEN
Vaccination rates in Canada tend to be lower among Indigenous peoples than the rest of the population. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an unprecedented opportunity to better understand Indigenous perceptions about vaccination. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine and other factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance as evidenced by public posts and comments on Facebook by Indigenous peoples in Quebec, Canada. We collected data on 95 Facebook pages or groups used by Indigenous peoples in Quebec between November 1, 2020, to June 15, 2021. To identify posts relating to COVID-19 vaccination, a keyword search ("vaccination," "vaccine," "shot," "does," "Moderna," "Pfizer") was carried out in English and French in the search bar of each Facebook page/group. Results show that First Nations peoples and Inuit in Quebec had important concerns about the usefulness, safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine. They also expressed fear of being used as test subjects for the rest of the population. Motivations mentioned by First Nations peoples and Inuit to get vaccinated against COVID-19 included to travel again and return to normal life with their loved ones, and the desire to protect the most vulnerable in their communities, especially Elders. Results show that Indigenous health care professionals were considered as reliable and trustful source of information regarding COVID-19, and that seeing role models being vaccinated build confidence and foster acceptance of the vaccine. Culturally adapted messages and vaccination campaigns by and for Indigenous peoples appear to be key to building trust toward COVID-19 vaccination.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Pueblos Indígenas , Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Vacunación , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Quebec , COVID-19/prevención & control , Pueblos Indígenas/psicología , Pueblos Indígenas/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/psicología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/etnología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Femenino , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , Taiwán/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Introduction: Pregnant individuals have an increased risk of severe illness from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent severe illness and complications for pregnant individuals. Pregnant individuals are often excluded from research and remain hesitant to receive vaccination against COVID-19. It is pivotal to study factors related to vaccine uptake and hesitancy among pregnant individuals. We studied barriers and facilitators for pregnant individuals choice and motivation regarding vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy to aid future pregnant individuals in their decision to vaccinate against various infectious agents. Methods: In this qualitative study, pregnant individuals were interviewed between October 2021 and January 2022 using a semi-structured approach. A topic list was used to explore their feelings, perceptions and ideas regarding vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analyses was performed using MAX QDA. Results: After nine interviews, saturation was reached. Three main themes were identified that influenced pregnant individuals choice and motivation regarding vaccination: health consequences, ambiguity of information and societal motivation. Health consequences mainly concerned the effect for their offspring, and the unknown long-term effects of COVID-19 vaccination. The advice from the Dutch institute for Public Health and Environment changed from not vaccinating pregnant individuals after release of the developed vaccine, to routinely vaccinating all pregnant individuals after research data were available from the United States of America (USA). This change of policy fuelled doubt and confusion for vaccination. Arguments in favor of vaccination from the social perspective were specific behaviour rules and restrictions due to the pandemic. E.g. without vaccination people were unable to travel abroad and having to take a COVID-19 test every time entering a public place. Conclusion: Pregnant individuals need clear, unambiguous information concerning health consequences, short- and long-term, particularly for their offspring, in the decision-making process regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, the societal perspective needs to be addressed. Besides the aforementioned themes, general counselling should focus on misperceptions of vaccine safety and the role of misinformation which are also important in the non-pregnant population. This study underlines the importance of including pregnant individuals in research programs to obtain specific information targeted to their needs.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Investigación Cualitativa , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/psicología , Adulto , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Motivación , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Países Bajos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Entrevistas como Asunto , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en SaludRESUMEN
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten human health, and health professionals, including nursing students, usually work in healthcare frontiers with a high risk of infection. Vaccination is currently one of the most effective preventive measures. This study aimed to explore the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in nursing students. Methods: In November 2022, a sample of undergraduate nursing students was recruited from several medical schools in Anhui Province, China, and an online cross-sectional survey was conducted using the questionnaire star platform (Wenjuanxin). A Chi-square test was used to explore vaccine hesitancy among nursing students with different social demographic characteristics and vaccine attitudes. Binary logistic regression analysis was then used to determine the influence factors of vaccine hesitancy among nursing students. Results: A total of 1,090 valid samples were collected in this study. Of these, 27.06% (295) of nursing students reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The results showed "the need to go out of town recently" (OR = 0.670), "very confident that the outbreak could be controlled sustainably" (OR = 0.393), "feeling at risk of infection" (OR = 0.658), "not being worried/being generally worried about the vaccine's safety" (OR = 0.226 and OR = 0.686, respectively), and "not being worried about the vaccine's effectiveness" (OR = 0.411). These five factors are protective factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in nursing students. The factors "considering the country completely safe from an outbreak" (OR = 3.436), "considering themselves safe because others are vaccinated" (OR = 2.239), and "Agreeing that other protective measures can be relaxed after vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine" (OR = 2.007) are risk factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nursing students (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, relatively few nursing students had COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Schools and relevant institutions still need to actively guide them to improve their confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine, strengthen the prevention and control measures of the epidemic, and improve their awareness of the crisis to improve the vaccination rate to reduce the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in nursing students.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Estudiantes de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , China , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunación/psicología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Adolescente , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children's schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. METHODS: Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. RESULTS: Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. CONCLUSION: Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities. MAIN RESULTS: Vaccination coverage of children up to 4 years old was 50.2% in Belo Horizonte, and 64.9% in Sete Lagoas. Fear of severe reactions and believing that vaccination against eradicated diseases is unnecessary were the main reasons for vaccination hesitancy. IMPLICATIONS FOR SERVICES: Recovery of high vaccination coverage among children, considering public health service access conditions and socioeconomic inequities. Acting on reasons for hesitancy that can assist in targeting actions. PERSPECTIVES: The multifactorial context of vaccination hesitancy demands the development of health education strategies to raise awareness about child immunization.
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Factores Socioeconómicos , Cobertura de Vacunación , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Vacunación , Humanos , Brasil , Cobertura de Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Lactante , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Esquemas de Inmunización , Preescolar , Vacunas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: to investigate the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy against COVID-19 among Brazilians. METHODS: this research employed an observational and analytical approach, utilizing a web-based survey. Data collection took place in 2020, and data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was found to be 27.5% (1182 individuals). There is a negative correlation between belief in conspiracy theories and social influence. Among the various beliefs associated with vaccination intentions, only conspiracy beliefs exhibited significant predictive value. Thus, the findings suggest that personal beliefs significantly impact hesitancy towards vaccination, and also indicate that trust in governmental bodies is inversely related to hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS: vaccine hesitancy emerges as a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by a complex array of factors, including personal beliefs, trust in governmental bodies, and healthcare systems.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , Brasil , Masculino , Femenino , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/psicología , Adulto , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Análisis de Clases Latentes , SARS-CoV-2 , Adolescente , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Anciano , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Intención , Estudios Transversales , Adulto Joven , Pueblos SudamericanosAsunto(s)
Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricosAsunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , Brasil/epidemiología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Personal de Salud/psicología , Actitud del Personal de SaludRESUMEN
Routine childhood vaccination is a crucial component of public health in Canada and worldwide. To facilitate catch-up from the global decline in routine vaccination caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and toward the ongoing pursuit of coverage goals, vaccination programs must understand barriers to vaccine access imposed or exacerbated by the pandemic. We conducted a regionally representative online survey in January 2023 including 2036 Canadian parents with children under the age of 18. We used the COM-B model of behaviour to examine factors influencing vaccination timeliness during the pandemic. We assessed Capability with measures of vaccine understanding and decision difficulty, and Motivation with a measure of vaccine confidence. Opportunity was assessed through parents' self-reported experience with barriers to vaccination. Twenty-four percent of surveyed parents reported having missed or delayed one of their children's scheduled routine vaccinations since the beginning of the pandemic, though most parents reported having either caught up or the intention to catch up soon. In the absence of opportunity barriers, motivation was associated with timely vaccination for children aged 0-4 years (aOR = 1.81, 95 % CI: 1.14-2.84). However, experience with one or more opportunity barriers, particularly clinic closures and difficulties getting an appointment, eliminated this relationship, suggesting perennial and new pandemic-associated barriers are a critical challenge to vaccine coverage goals in Canada.
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COVID-19 , Padres , Vacunación , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Canadá/epidemiología , Preescolar , Lactante , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunación/psicología , Adulto , Padres/psicología , Adolescente , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Motivación , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Recién Nacido , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Pandemias/prevención & control , Programas de Inmunización , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The demand for COVID-19 vaccines has diminished as the pandemic lingers. Understanding vaccine hesitancy among essential workers is important in reducing the impact of future pandemics by providing effective immunization programs delivered expeditiously. METHOD: Two surveys exploring COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in 2021 and 2022 were conducted in cohorts of health care providers (HCP) and education workers participating in prospective studies of COVID-19 illnesses and vaccine uptake. Demographic factors and opinions about vaccines (monovalent and bivalent) and public health measures were collected in these self-reported surveys. Modified multivariable Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with hesitancy. RESULTS: In 2021, 3 % of 2061 HCP and 6 % of 3417 education workers reported hesitancy (p < 0.001). In December 2022, 21 % of 868 HCP and 24 % of 1457 education workers reported being hesitant to receive a bivalent vaccine (p = 0.09). Hesitance to be vaccinated with the monovalent vaccines was associated with earlier date of survey completion, later receipt of first COVID-19 vaccine dose, no influenza vaccination, and less worry about becoming ill with COVID-19. Factors associated with hesitance to be vaccinated with a bivalent vaccine that were common to both cohorts were receipt of two or fewer previous COVID-19 doses and lower certainty that the vaccines were safe and effective. CONCLUSION: Education workers were somewhat more likely than HCP to report being hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccines but reasons for hesitancy were similar. Hesitancy was associated with non-receipt of previous vaccines (i.e., previous behaviour), less concern about being infected with SARS-CoV-2, and concerns about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines for both cohorts. Maintaining inter-pandemic trust in vaccines, ensuring rapid data generation during pandemics regarding vaccine safety and effectiveness, and effective and transparent communication about these data are all needed to support pandemic vaccination programs.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Personal de Salud , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Personal de Salud/psicología , Masculino , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Adulto , Canadá , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Personal Docente/psicología , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hesitancy rates for childhood vaccines are increasing on a global scale. It was reported in previous studies that many factors affect vaccine hesitancy. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of childhood vaccination hesitancy in parents and to determine the factors affecting it. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 350 parents who had at least one child aged two years and younger, who applied to Family Health Centers in the city of Mardin in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, between January and March 2022. The "Parental Attitudes Towards Childhood Vaccines (PATCV) Questionnaire" was used to collect the data, which were analyzed by using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 22.0 program. The Logistic Regression Analysis was used to determine the factors affecting parental attitudes toward childhood vaccines. RESULTS: A total of 32.0% of the parents were found to be hesitant about vaccinations and 3.4% did not have at least one vaccination for their children. Significant relationships were detected between income status, education status, thoughts about vaccinations, parents having adult vaccinations, hesitant to have self-vaccination, considering vaccine necessary, and parental attitudes towards childhood vaccinations (p < 0.05). According to the Regression Analysis, parents who had adult vaccinations had reduced hesitation about childhood vaccines 0.506 times (p = 0.032; OR = 0.506; 95%CI = 0.271-0.943). Considering the vaccine necessary reduced the hesitation about childhood vaccines by 0.440 times (p = 0.011; OR = 0.440; 95%CI = 0.234-0.828). CONCLUSIONS: The hesitations of parents about childhood vaccines were found to be high. The reasons for vaccine hesitancy must be examined in detail and strategies must be developed in this regard.
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Padres , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , Turquía , Estudios Transversales , Padres/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Lactante , Preescolar , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunación/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: At present, there is no culturally appropriate scale designed to measure Chinese people's attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. Understanding people's attitudes and beliefs about vaccines can help policy makers and health care professionals better evaluate local beliefs to increase vaccine coverage and minimize COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. METHODS: We developed a COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and beliefs scale comprising items based on qualitative research data. We then conducted an explorative and confirmatory factor analysis using data from two online sources. RESULTS: The 26-item vaccine belief scale includes a five-factor model: vaccine benefit (VB), vaccine concern (VC), observing others' reactions to vaccination (VR), the influence of authority and others toward vaccination (VI), and common sense about vaccination (VS). The multivariate analysis results showed that VB (OR = 1.065, 95% CI 1.035-1.097), VR (OR = 0.878, 95% CI 0.832-0.927), and VS (OR = 1.076, 95% CI 1.032-1.122) were associated with the intention to receive the vaccine. These results implied that VC (OR = 0.957, 95% CI 0.928-0.987) could predict the choice not to be vaccinated. A correlation between beliefs about vaccines and conspiracy theories and fear of COVID-19 was also found and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the locally designed and culturally sensitive scale has good reliability and validity. The questionnaire provides researchers with a standardized assessment tool to measure Chinese people's beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Masculino , China , Adulto , COVID-19/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis Factorial , Anciano , Adolescente , Investigación Cualitativa , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Underlying causes of vaccine hesitancy could significantly affect successful uptake of the SARS-CoV2 vaccine booster doses during new waves of COVID-19. Booster rates among US adults are far below what is needed for immunity, but little is known about booster hesitancy among fully vaccinated adults and whether medical mistrust exacerbates barriers to uptake. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was completed among 119 adults in Philadelphia, PA who reported having received the primary SARS-CoV2 vaccine series but not a booster dose. Using the LaVeist Medical Mistrust (MM) Index, a k-means cluster analysis showed two clusters (Low MM, High MM) and differences in attitudes and perceptions about COVID-19 booster vaccines were assessed using F-tests. RESULTS: Respondents were 62% Black and female; mean age was 41; 46% reported earning less than $25,000 and 53% had a high school education or less. Overall intention to get boosted was low (mean 3.3 on 0-10 scale). Differences in COVID-19 booster perceptions between those with High (n = 56) vs. Low (n = 59) MM were found, independent of any demographic differences. Most statements (7/10) related to reasons to not be boosted were significant, with those with High MM indicating more concern about feeling sick from the vaccine (F=-3.91, p≤ .001), beliefs that boosters are ineffective for vaccinated people (F= -3.46, p≤ .001), and long-term side effect worries (F=-4.34, p≤ .001). Those with High MM were also more concerned about the adverse effects of the vaccine (F=-2.48, p=.02), but were more likely to trust getting information from doctors or healthcare providers (F= -2.25, p=.03). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that medical mistrust is an important independent construct when understanding current COVID-19 booster hesitancy. While much work has looked at demographic differences to explain vaccine hesitancy, these results suggest that further research into understanding and addressing medical mistrust could be important for implementing interventions to increase booster rates.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Inmunización Secundaria , Confianza , Vacilación a la Vacunación , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , Adulto , COVID-19/prevención & control , Estudios Transversales , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis por Conglomerados , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Philadelphia , Estados Unidos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are the hallmark of many connective tissue disorders (including lupus), which comprise roughly 5% to 10% of chronic debilitating diseases causing morbidity and mortality. In society, fear of these diseases increases illness-related uncertainty because the prognosis of progression is often difficult to determine and at least some symptoms fluctuate unpredictably. In the anti-vaccination movement, the question of the possible connection between vaccination and connective tissue disorders and other autoimmune diseases has grown to rank as an important argument for rejecting vaccination. In 2021, every fifth Polish first-degree nursing student decided to not be vaccinated against COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in students vaccinated and unvaccinated against COVID-19. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A single university cross-sectional study was performed in a small academic centre in Poland, where 210 students were recruited in 2022. All the participants were screened for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and antinuclear antibodies. RESULTS: The mean age of the students who rejected vaccination was higher than that of those who were vaccinated. Among nursing students, 30.0% of vaccinated and 58.3% of unvaccinated individuals had COVID-19. The frequency of antinuclear antibodies was 3 times lower in vaccinated students than in unvaccinated students (2/159 vs 2/51; P > .05). CONCLUSION: The results of our study did not confirm the rationality of rejecting vaccinations against COVID-19 for fear of developing autoimmune diseases among healthy students.
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Anticuerpos Antinucleares , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Anticuerpos Antinucleares/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Polonia , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , AdolescenteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: People with disabilities are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 health outcomes and face barriers accessing COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this study is to examine receipt of ≥ 1 dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, intention to vaccinate in the future, and reasons for not vaccinating among people with disabilities and functional limitations using a large, nationally representative dataset of adults in the United States. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey (14-26 April 2021, n = 68,913). Separate logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association between each disability (vision, hearing, cognition and mobility), overall disability status, and functional status on ≥1 dose COVID-19 vaccination receipt and intention to vaccinate. Furthermore, reasons for not getting vaccinated were examined among those with disabilities or functional limitations. RESULTS: Approximately 13% of adults reported having a disability, and almost 60% reported having some or a lot of functional limitations. Over 65% of adults with disabilities had received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccines, compared to 73% among adults without disabilities (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.94). Among adults with disabilities, those who were younger, had lower educational attainment and income, did not have insurance and had a prior history of COVID-19 were less likely to get vaccinated or intend to get vaccinated than their respective counterparts. The main reasons for not getting vaccinated were concerns about possible side effects (52.1%), lack of trust in COVID-19 vaccines (45.4%) and lack of trust in the government (38.6%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Efforts to ensure high and equitable vaccination coverage include working with communities to strengthen the message that the vaccine is safe and effective, educating health professionals about the need to recommend and promote vaccines, and making vaccination sites more accessible for people who need additional accommodations.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Personas con Discapacidad , Intención , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Masculino , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Adolescente , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Cobertura de Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Objectives: To characterize factors associated with parental willingness for their children participation in a COVID-19 vaccine trial, use of different COVID-19 vaccines and acceptance of a third vaccine dose. Methods: Parents of children aged 12-17 years in Lima, Perú were asked to complete an online questionnaire via social networks, from November 9, 2021, to April 23, 2022. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals to compare factors with the mentioned outcomes. Results: From 523 parents responding, 374 completed the survey. 90.4% would give their children a third vaccine dose, 36.6% would allow their children participation in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial, and 33.2% would accept different vaccine brands between doses. Parental belief that COVID-19 vaccine studies met quality standards was associated with acceptance of a third booster dose (adjusted PR 3.25; 95% CI1.57-6.74; p = 0.002), enrolment in a COVID-19 clinical trial (adjusted PR 4.49; 95% CI1.25-16.06; p = 0.02), and acceptance of different COVID-19 vaccine brands between doses (adjusted PR 10.02; 95% CI1.40-71.95; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Most parents would accept a third vaccine booster dose, approximately a third would participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials. Believing COVID-19 vaccines studies fulfilled quality standards was associated with the study outcomes. It is necessary to inform about the rigorous processes for the development of COVID-19 vaccines to generate confidence in parents to accept these vaccine-related outcomes.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Padres , Humanos , Niño , Padres/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , COVID-19/prevención & control , Adulto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , SARS-CoV-2 , Inmunización Secundaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Childhood vaccine uptake in the United Kingdom (UK) is sub-optimal leading to outbreaks of preventable diseases. We aimed to explore UK parents' perspectives on why some children are unvaccinated or vaccinated late. METHODS: We undertook a mixed-methods, co-production study involving a survey using a questionnaire followed by focus groups. We partnered with The Mosaic Community Trust (Mosaic) who are based in a more deprived, ethnically diverse, low vaccine uptake area of London. Targeted recruitment to complete the questionnaire (either on paper or online) was done through Mosaic, community networks and social media promotion. We collected demographic data alongside parents' views on routine childhood vaccination, their vaccine decisions, and experiences of accessing childhood vaccine appointments We report descriptive findings from the questionnaire and thematic analysis of free-text questionnaire answers and focus groups guided by the COM-B model of Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation. RESULTS: Between June-October 2022, 518 parents were surveyed of whom 25% (n = 130), were from ethnic minorities (13%, n = 68-unknown ethnicity). In 2023 we held four focus groups with 22 parents (10 from ethnic minorities). Only 15% (n = 78) parents had delayed or refused a vaccine for their child. A quarter of parents felt they had not been given enough information nor an opportunity to ask questions before their children's vaccinations. Inconsistent reminders and difficulties booking or attending appointments impacted vaccine uptake with negative experiences influencing future vaccine decisions. Parents had mixed views on vaccinations being given in different locations and wanted trusted health professionals to vaccinate their children. CONCLUSION: To reverse declining vaccine uptake and prevent future outbreaks it needs to be easier for UK parents to speak to health professionals to answer their childhood vaccine questions, alongside simplified booking systems and easier access to routine childhood vaccine appointments.
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Grupos Focales , Padres , Vacunación , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Padres/psicología , Reino Unido , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , Lactante , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Background: Ukraine has one of the lowest COVID-19 vaccination rates in Europe. This may pose a significant epidemiological risk in the context of the refugee crisis and the fact that, since 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading and changing globally. Objective: To evaluate determinants of vaccination decision making among Ukrainian female migrants (UFMs). Methods: A qualitative study with 45 UFMs was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022. UFMs, from 2 Polish provinces, differing in age, education and length of stay were invited with the use of the snowball technique. Using a semi-structured topic guide, eight focus groups were conducted in person, recorded and transcribed. Thematic, qualitative analysis was made; key themes which emerged from the data (with the help of the Working Group Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy Matrix), were related to contextual, individual/group and contextual vaccine/vaccination-specific influences. Results: Mothers were found to be playing a crucial role in children and adolescent COVID-19 vaccine decision-making process. Universal trust in the Polish healthcare system and vaccination procedures, employer requirements and willingness to preserve jobs, desire to get back to normal and social influences were paramount prerequisites to let UFMs make a decision to get vaccinated. However, COVID-19 vaccines also faced backlash among UFMs. Negative experiences with vaccines provided in Ukraine, doubts about the rapid vaccine development, combined with lack of confidence in vaccine safety, specifically regarding child vaccination, might have a bearing on UFMs' decision about declining COVID-19 vaccine while on migration. Discrimination through HCWs during vaccination visits was also reported. Corrupted Ukrainian healthcare system, which facilitates proof forgery regarding vaccination certificates, could act as a negative influencer of UFMs' vaccine decision-making. Conclusion: The results provide the novel information, expressed in economic UFMs' own words. Findings show that influencers of the decision-making process regarding the COVID-19 vaccination are complex and polarized; elements of hesitancy may persist after migration. Any continuation of UFMs' vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine should be subject to designing accessible information to address modifiable demotivators of the vaccine decision-making process identified in this study.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Toma de Decisiones , Investigación Cualitativa , Migrantes , Humanos , Femenino , Ucrania , Polonia , Adulto , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/economía , COVID-19/prevención & control , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Migrantes/psicología , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunación/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grupos Focales , Adolescente , Vacilación a la Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacilación a la Vacunación/psicología , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Immunisation is one of public health's greatest success stories, yet, annually, 20 million children miss out entirely or partially on routine immunisation. National immunisation estimates have the United Arab Emirates (UAE) lagging behind with 4% of children under the age of 1 not having received any vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy is considered one of the biggest barriers to vaccination. This study aims to evaluate the UAE's parents' vaccination attitudes and practices as well as estimate vaccine hesitancy's prevalence and determinants. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional, descriptive study collected data from parents across the UAE during the months of March and April 2024. The 60-item questionnaire included the Parental Attitudes towards Childhood Vaccines scale (PACV), the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, and the Digital Vaccine Literacy (DVL) scale. Univariate, bivariate (chi-squared test), and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 550 responses were retained. 84.55% of participants were female (n = 465/550), half were middle-aged (31-45 years old), and 21.09% (n = 116/550) were healthcare workers. 94.36% (n = 519/550) had their child/children receive all mandated vaccines. Only 39.82% (n = 219/550) found their level of knowledge about childhood vaccinations to be good/excellent. 70.11% (n = 386/550) of participants had high digital vaccine literacy. More than 95% had positive attitudes towards measles, meningitis, and pertussis vaccines. 14.00% (n = 77/550) were identified as vaccine-hesitant according to the PACV. Overall, using general practitioner/ paediatrician as a knowledge source, digital vaccine literacy, perceived children's vaccine knowledge, and nationality were associated with lower vaccine hesitancy status. CONCLUSION: Vaccine hesitancy exists and is prevalent in the UAE; however, the majority of participants reported high trust in vaccines, the local healthcare systems and physicians. Vaccine hesitancy can be tackled but will require tailored solutions and proactive healthcare workers.