RESUMEN
In eutherian mammals, the male reproductive accessory glands (RAGs) comprise the prostate, bulbourethral glands, ampullary glands, and the seminal vesicles. Their composition, anatomy and function vary widely between species. This study aimed to characterize histologically and compare the RAGs of bats. The RAGs of Noctilio albiventris (Noctilionidae) and Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae) were studied using anatomical and histological methods, and were reconstructed three dimensionally. The RAGs of N. albiventris and R. naso are composed of a compact glandular complex that surrounds the urethra and a pair of bulbourethral glands, which are extra-abdominally located in the inguinal region. In both species, the glandular complex is composed of two well-defined prostatic regions (ventral and dorsal). The ventral region showed an atypical epithelium (holocrine), where no obvious cellular limits were observed, and PAS-positive secretion. The dorsal region had a pseudostratified cuboidal epithelium, with basal and secretory cells, and PAS-negative secretion. Noctilio albiventris also had urethral glands (Littre glands) surrounding the urethra, however, R. naso had only muscles. Both species had bulbourethral glands, with simple columnar epithelium and PAS-positive secretion. In conclusion, the RAGs of N. albiventris and R. naso comprised a pair of bulbourethral glands and an intra-abdominal complex, composed of a prostate with two different regions (ventral and dorsal), while the ampullary glands and seminal vesicles were missing in both species. This morphology was more closely related between N. albiventris and R. naso, and to species of the family Phyllostomidae than to families Molossidae and Vespertilionidae. J. Morphol. 277:1459-1468, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asunto(s)
Glándulas Bulbouretrales/anatomía & histología , Quirópteros/anatomía & histología , Próstata/anatomía & histología , Reproducción/fisiología , Vesículas Seminales/anatomía & histología , Animales , Glándulas Bulbouretrales/citología , Imagenología Tridimensional , Masculino , Próstata/citología , Vesículas Seminales/citología , Uretra/citologíaRESUMEN
La citología uretral masculina, permite estudiar con rigor la morfología, alteraciones estructurales de las células, microorganismos y sugestivo de virus que ocasionan enfermedades e infecciones de transmisión sexual. Se ha incrementado el número de pacientes en dicha consulta, donde se estudia a la pareja. Estos antecedentes constituyen el marco e inspiración en la realización de esta investigación en pacientes masculinos realizado desde 1998 hasta la fecha con un total de 4 083 casos de estudios citológicos en la uretra masculina en el Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto, permitiendo diagnosticar 17 afecciones como: células coilocíticas del (HPV), células infectadas por Chlamidya, herpes simple II, cocos, gardnerellas, leucocitos polimorfonucleares, procesos inflamatorio, displasias. Despierta gran interés por la relación que tiene en la inducción del cáncer en el cuello del útero. Demuestra la presencia de microorganismos y sugestivo de virus relacionados a la infección de transmisión sexual en pacientes masculino, prevenir y evitar lesiones premalignas del cuello del útero ocasionada por el papiloma virus humano, por diagnóstico precoz en la uretra masculina(AU)
Male urethral cytology allows rigorously study of the morphology, structural alterations of cells, microorganisms and suggestive of viruses that cause diseases and sexually transmitted infections. It has increased the number of patients in this consultation, where the couple is studied. These facts provide the framework and inspiration in carrying out this research in male patients conducted from 1998 to date a total of 4083 cases of cytology in the male urethra in the General Teaching Hospital Dr Agostinho Neto, allowing 17 diagnosis conditions such as: coilocíticas cells (HPV), Chlamydia infected cells, herpes simplex II, coconuts, gardnerellas, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, inflammatory processes, dysplasias. Arouses great interest in the relationship you have in inducing cancer in the cervix. It demonstrates the presence of microorganisms and viruses suggestive related to Sexually Transmitted Infections in male patients, prevent and avoid premalignant lesions of the cervix caused by the human papilloma virus, for early diagnosis in the male urethra(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Uretra/citología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Genitales MasculinosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of tunica vaginalis as a dorsal free graft in the first stage of Bracka's urethroplasty in a rabbit animal model using macroscopic and histological analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Surgery was performed on 16 rabbits, divided into four groups of four according to the number of weeks after surgery at which they were killed (2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks). The penile urethra was removed and only the ventral aspect of the urethra was reconstructed using a tunica vaginalis free graft dorsally fixed in the corpora cavernosa. Epithelial, inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the graft were evaluated macroscopically then histologically at the point when each rabbit group was killed. RESULTS: Macroscopic evaluation showed good graft uptake with minimal retraction (P > 0.05). Histological evaluation showed a reduction in the inflammatory process during the first 4 weeks, after which inflammation stabilized. The mesothelium was partially healed at 2 and 8 weeks with a metaplasia defined by a stratified squamous, non-keratinized lining. The grafted area was thinner than the surrounding penile skin and similar to urothelial native epithelium. CONCLUSION: Tunica vaginalis used as a free graft placed dorsally on the corpora cavernosa in the first stage of Bracka's urethroplasty shows good tissue integration and develops into a stratified non- keratinized epithelium (metaplasia) without significant retraction, despite exposure to the external environment.
Asunto(s)
Hipospadias/cirugía , Membrana Serosa/trasplante , Uretra/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Epitelio/anatomía & histología , Inflamación , Masculino , Conejos , Testículo/cirugía , Uretra/anatomía & histología , Uretra/citologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: A study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of autologous adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) transplantation into female rabbits' urethra walls as an alternative to intrinsic urethral regeneration. METHODS: Inguinal fat pad of 12 New Zealand adult female rabbits were harvested and processed to obtain stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The SVF were platted to isolate ADSC. Before urethral injection, cells were labeled with DiI marker. The urethra wall was injected with 1 x 10(7) autologous cells or saline (sham). The urethra was harvested at 2, 4, and 8 weeks to identify DiI-labeled cells. RESULTS: At 2 and 4 weeks, the ADSCs create a nodule localized in the urethral sub-mucosa. At 8 weeks, the ADSCs spread and integrated with the urethra wall from the initial injection site. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate a successful autologous ADSCs transplantation. It confirms that ADSCs can survive and integrate within the urethral wall.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/citología , Células Madre Adultas/trasplante , Uretra/citología , Animales , Supervivencia Celular , Células Cultivadas/trasplante , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Conejos , Trasplante AutólogoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of soy isoflavone extract (SIE) on the uterus and urethra of castrated female rats. METHODS: Ovariectomized adult virgin Wistar rats (n = 45) received, for 30 days: placebo (GI); SIE from day 5 of castration (GII); or day 28 of castration (GIII). A standardized SIE was administered by gavage at 125 microg genistein/g body weight/day, with a soy-free diet. Average numbers of nuclei (NU), blood vessels (BV) and collagen fibers (CF) in uterus and mid-urethra sections were compared using Dunnett and Tukey tests (95% CI). RESULTS: Uterus: GII and GIII differed from GI in all respects; GII vs. GIII, no differences. Urethra: GIII vs. GI: no differences; GII vs. GI, differences in NU and CF; GII vs. GIII, differences in NU and CF. CONCLUSIONS: Early oral administration of SIE to ovariectomized rats reversed uterine/urethral effects of castration.
Asunto(s)
Glycine max , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Ovariectomía , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Uretra/efectos de los fármacos , Útero/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Animales , Vasos Sanguíneos/citología , Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Isoflavonas/administración & dosificación , Modelos Animales , Músculo Liso/citología , Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de Tiempo , Uretra/citología , Útero/citologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in an experimental study in rabbits, a new model of neophalloplasty based on two lower abdominal skin flaps and ventral buccal mucosa graft for planned two-stage urethroplasty procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen rabbits were operated and divided into four equal groups which were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The inflammatory pattern, presence of sub-epithelial fibrosis and epithelial changes in the grafted area were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: There were no deaths and no dehiscence of the wound was seen. One animal in the 2-week group developed an ulcer in the grafted area. We found minimal contracture of the neophallus, but this was not statistically significant between groups. Buccal mucosa graft showed good uptake in all groups, with vascular support from subcutaneous tissue of the flaps. The grafted area developed epithelial metaplasia, showing a decrease in cell layers with time, with disappearance of the sub-epithelial papillae and appearance of stratum granulosum and keratinization of the epithelial graft surface. A decrease in sub-epithelial fibrosis with replacement of immature by mature (eosinophilic) collagen was found. In the later groups was also observed an important decrease in inflammatory response, and the chorion of the grafted area presented a dilated capillary network, indicating that the process of neoangiogenesis was effective. CONCLUSION: Buccal mucosa displayed histological integration in the abdominal flaps with epithelial metaplasia in all groups. The surgical aspect of the neophallus was cosmetically acceptable, with minimal contracture.
Asunto(s)
Mucosa Bucal/trasplante , Pene/cirugía , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/irrigación sanguínea , Uretra/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos , Animales , Biopsia , Supervivencia de Injerto , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Mucosa Bucal/citología , Neovascularización Fisiológica , Pene/anomalías , Conejos , Recto del Abdomen/cirugía , Colgajos Quirúrgicos/patología , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria , Trasplante Autólogo , Uretra/citologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the arrangement of the muscle fibers of the striated urethral sphincter and its relationship with the prostate during the fetal period in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 17 prostates from well preserved fresh human fetuses ranging in age from 10 to 31 weeks postconception (WPC). Transversal sections were obtained and stained with Gomori's trichrome and immunolabeled with anti alpha-actin antibody. RESULTS: We found that the urethral striated sphincter (rabdosphincter) is located on the periphery of the smooth muscle and there was no merge between striated and smooth muscle fibers in any fetal period. In the prostate apex, the striated sphincter shows a circular arrangement and covers completely the urethra externally, whereas adjacent to verumontanum, it looks like a "horseshoe" and covers only the anterior and lateral surfaces of the urethra. Near the bladder neck, in fetuses younger than 20 WPC, we have found striated muscle fibers only at the anterior surface of the prostate, while in fetuses older than 20 WPC, the striated muscle covers the anterior and lateral surfaces of the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: The urethral sphincter muscle covers the anterior and lateral surfaces of the urethra in all fetuses older than 20 WPC, close to the bladder neck and at the distal prostate. In the region of the prostate apex, the urethral sphincter covers completely the urethra circularly. The knowledge of the normal anatomy of the urethral sphincter in fetuses could be important to understand its alterations in congenital anomalies involving the base of the bladder, the bladder neck and the proximal urethra.
Asunto(s)
Feto , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/citología , Músculo Esquelético/citología , Próstata/anatomía & histología , Uretra/inervación , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/inervación , Próstata/embriología , Uretra/citología , Uretra/embriologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the arrangement of the muscle fibers of the striated urethral sphincter and its relationship with the prostate during the fetal period in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 17 prostates from well preserved fresh human fetuses ranging in age from 10 to 31 weeks postconception (WPC). Transversal sections were obtained and stained with Gomori's trichrome and immunolabeled with anti alpha-actin antibody. RESULTS: We found that the urethral striated sphincter (rabdosphincter) is located on the periphery of the smooth muscle and there was no merge between striated and smooth muscle fibers in any fetal period. In the prostate apex, the striated sphincter shows a circular arrangement and covers completely the urethra externally, whereas adjacent to verumontanum, it looks like a "horseshoe" and covers only the anterior and lateral surfaces of the urethra. Near the bladder neck, in fetuses younger than 20 WPC, we have found striated muscle fibers only at the anterior surface of the prostate, while in fetuses older than 20 WPC, the striated muscle covers the anterior and lateral surfaces of the prostate. CONCLUSIONS: The urethral sphincter muscle covers the anterior and lateral surfaces of the urethra in all fetuses older than 20 WPC, close to the bladder neck and at the distal prostate. In the region of the prostate apex, the urethral sphincter covers completely the urethra circularly. The knowledge of the normal anatomy of the urethral sphincter in fetuses could be important to understand its alterations in congenital anomalies involving the base of the bladder, the bladder neck and the proximal urethra.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Feto , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas , Músculo Esquelético/citología , Próstata/anatomía & histología , Uretra/inervación , Inmunohistoquímica , Músculo Esquelético/inervación , Próstata/embriología , Uretra/citología , Uretra/embriologíaRESUMEN
This study aims to evaluate the urethral nerve fibers of adult female rats during pregnancy and after vaginal birth, cesarean section or simulated birth trauma. For immunohistochemical analysis of nerve fibers, 70 female rats were distributed in seven groups of ten female rats: group 1, control; group 2, pregnant; group 3, cesarean section; group 4, vaginal birth; group 5, virgin female rats with simulated birth trauma; group 6, cesarean section followed by simulation of birth trauma; and group 7, vaginal birth followed by simulation of birth trauma. The number of nerve fibers in groups 1, 2, and 3 were significantly higher than the other groups. Pregnancy and cesarean section did not cause alterations in the nerve fibers number. Vaginal birth and simulated birth trauma significantly decreased the number of nerve fibers in the female rats' middle urethra.
Asunto(s)
Fibras Nerviosas/fisiología , Parto , Uretra/inervación , Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Ratas , Uretra/citologíaRESUMEN
A protocol for DNA damage assessment by the single-cell gel (SCG)/comet assay in human urinary bladder washing cells was established. Modifications of the standard alkaline protocol included an increase to 2% of sodium sarcosinate in the lysis solution, a reduction in the glass-slide area for comet analysis, and a cutoff value for comet head diameter of at least 30 microm, to exclude contaminating leukocytes. Distinguishing cell populations is crucial, because significant differential migration was demonstrated for transitional and nontransitional cells, phenomena that may confound the results. When applying the modified protocol to urinary bladder cells from smokers without urinary bladder neoplasia, it was possible to detect a significant (P = 0.03) increase in DNA damage as depicted by the tail moment (6.39 +/- 3.23; mean +/- 95% confidence interval; n = 18) when compared with nonsmokers (1.94 +/- 1.41; n = 12). No significant differences were observed between ex-smokers and current smokers regarding comet parameters. Inflammation was not a confounding factor, but DNA migration increased significantly with age in nonsmokers (r = 0.68; P = 0.014). Thus, age matching should be a concern when transitional cells are analyzed in the SCG assay. As it is well known, DNA damage may trigger genomic instability, a crucial step in carcinogenesis. Therefore, the present data directly support the classification of individuals with smoking history as patients at high risk for urinary bladder cancer.
Asunto(s)
Fumar/efectos adversos , Uretra/citología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/etiología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ensayo Cometa , Daño del ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Os autores estudaram os possíveis efeitos do promestriene administrado via vaginal sobre o epitélio do trígono vesical e uretra. este epitélio sofre as mesmas alteraçöes clínicas de proliferaçäo e descamaçäo determinadas pelos hormônios sexuais femininos que o epitélio do trato genital. Vinte e uma mulheres menopausadas foram incluidas no estudo. Dezessete receberam óvulos de promestriene via vaginal durante 21 dias consecutivos e duas pacientes os receberam por 50 dias. Duas pacientes receberam estriol na forma de creme intravaginal, cerca de 2,5 g por dia, durante 10 dias. A citologia do sedimento urinário corado destas pacientes foi empregada para análise dos resultados, sendo preparadas no total, 96 lâminas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram ausência de efitos do promestriene administrado vaginalmente sobre as células do epitélio urinário. Isto permite supor que esta droga, quando administrada na vagina, tem açäo local, näo possuindo efeitos sistêmicos ou em orgäos adjacentes
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Administración Intravaginal , Climaterio , Epitelio , Terapia de Reemplazo de Estrógeno , Uretra/citología , Orina/citología , VaginaRESUMEN
La detección del Virus del Papiloma Humano mediante el cepillado de la mucosa uretral del hombre utilizando para la toma de la muestra el cepillado citológico (Cytobrush) es una nueva técnica que hemos investigado y para tal fin se escogieron tres tipos de grupos: A.- 90 hombres, contacto de mujeres con VPH+; B.- 24 hombres con evidencia de condilomatosis y C.- Un grupo (control) con 21 hombres aparentemente sanos534. Al comparar el porcentaje de positividad al VPH de estos tres grupos, no se encontró diferencia significativa entre ellos; al igual que al comparar los hallazgos clínicos (condilomas, pápulas perleadas penianas y micropápulas) no resultó ninguno de ellos con una diferencia significativa en relación con los demás. Cuando relacionamos la citología endo-uretral con la citología de la mujer (positivas todas al VPH) comprobamos que sólo el 29% de los hombres presentaron infección positiva al VPH, por tal motivo pensamos que las relaciones sexuales no son la única forma de intercambio viral en la pareja, o puede no expresarse a nivel celular endo-uretral. El cepillado endo-uretral y la peniscopia son los métodos más apropiados de despistaje del VPH en el hombre