RESUMEN
In the first half of the nineteenth century, New Yorkers fought passionately over the presence of hogs on their streets and in their city. New York's filthy streets had cultivated an informal economy and a fertile environment for roaming creatures. The battlesboth physical and legalreveal a city rife with class tensions. After decades of arguments, riots, and petitions, cholera and the fear of other public health crises ultimately spelled the end for New York's hogs. New York struggled during this period to improve municipal services while adapting to a changing economy and rapid population growth. The fights between those for and against hogs shaped New York City's landscape and resulted in new rules for using public space a new place for nature in the city.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Tumultos , Saneamiento , Porcinos , Salud Urbana , Población Urbana , Animales , Brotes de Enfermedades/economía , Brotes de Enfermedades/historia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Ciudad de Nueva York/etnología , Instalaciones Públicas/economía , Instalaciones Públicas/historia , Instalaciones Públicas/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tumultos/economía , Tumultos/etnología , Tumultos/historia , Tumultos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tumultos/psicología , Saneamiento/economía , Saneamiento/historia , Saneamiento/legislación & jurisprudencia , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/historia , Salud Urbana/historia , Población Urbana/historiaRESUMEN
Throughout the first three decades of the twentieth century, black people in New York City encountered white violence, especially police brutality in Manhattan. The black community used various strategies to curtail white mob violence and police brutality, one of which was self-defense. This article examines blacks' response to violence, specifically the debate concerning police brutality and self-defense in Harlem during the 1920s. While historians have examined race riots, blacks' everyday encounters with police violence in the North have received inadequate treatment. By approaching everyday violence and black responsesself-defense, legal redress, and journalists' remonstrationsas a process of political development, this article argues that the systematic violence perpetrated by the police both mobilized and politicized blacks individually and collectively to defend their community, but also contributed to a community consciousness that established police brutality as a legitimate issue for black protest.
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano , Policia , Relaciones Raciales , Características de la Residencia , Problemas Sociales , Violencia , Negro o Afroamericano/educación , Negro o Afroamericano/etnología , Negro o Afroamericano/historia , Negro o Afroamericano/legislación & jurisprudencia , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Desórdenes Civiles/economía , Desórdenes Civiles/etnología , Desórdenes Civiles/historia , Desórdenes Civiles/legislación & jurisprudencia , Desórdenes Civiles/psicología , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Ciudad de Nueva York/etnología , Policia/economía , Policia/educación , Policia/historia , Policia/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Raciales/historia , Relaciones Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Raciales/psicología , Características de la Residencia/historia , Tumultos/economía , Tumultos/etnología , Tumultos/historia , Tumultos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tumultos/psicología , Clase Social/historia , Condiciones Sociales/economía , Condiciones Sociales/historia , Condiciones Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/economía , Problemas Sociales/etnología , Problemas Sociales/historia , Problemas Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/psicología , Violencia/economía , Violencia/etnología , Violencia/historia , Violencia/legislación & jurisprudencia , Violencia/psicologíaRESUMEN
This article seeks to dispel the popular myth surrounding the food crises which precipitated food riots in the global South in 2008. Arguing from a structural and historical perspective, the article suggests that global hunger is a deep-rooted crisis that is embedded in the social and structural variables associated within the nation-state that places a restraint on the self-regulating capacity of nation-states in the South. Internationalizing the food crisis, however, will do more harm to the south's agricultural transformation and rural development. The article argues for integrated rural development that will increase output growth through an institutional, technological, and marketing strategy.
Asunto(s)
Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Gobierno , Hambre , Tumultos , Problemas Sociales , África/etnología , Agricultura , Regiones Antárticas/etnología , Islas del Atlántico/etnología , Australia/etnología , Derechos Civiles/economía , Derechos Civiles/educación , Derechos Civiles/historia , Derechos Civiles/legislación & jurisprudencia , Derechos Civiles/psicología , Países en Desarrollo/economía , Países en Desarrollo/historia , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/economía , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/historia , Gobierno/historia , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Hambre/etnología , Hambre/fisiología , Islas del Oceano Índico/etnología , Oceanía/etnología , Islas del Pacífico/etnología , Tumultos/economía , Tumultos/etnología , Tumultos/historia , Problemas Sociales/economía , Problemas Sociales/etnología , Problemas Sociales/historia , Problemas Sociales/psicologíaRESUMEN
Examining the internal dynamics of three civil disturbances on the West Side of Chicago during the late 1960s, this article describes the presence of numerous people who were not participating in the upheaval. It pays particular attention to "counterrioters," civilian residents of the neighborhoods and members of local organizations, who tried to persuade those engaging in violence to stop. Local dissent from the tactic of violence suggests that historians should describe these events using the neutral language of social science rather than the politically loaded labels of "riot" or "rebellion." The article argues that American historians of urban disorders should use the methods of European scholars of the crowd to study the actions of participants in order to ascertain their political content, rather than relying on an examination of their motives.