RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) extract has several health benefits and anti-obesogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the medicinal properties attributable to HS would prevent or mitigate bladder changes induced by obesity in an experimental model. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were submitted to one of four different dietary interventions (12 animals each): G1, standard diet and water (controls); G2, standard diet and HS tea; G3, a palatable high-fat diet and water; and G4, high-fat diet diet and HS tea. The animals were monitored for body weight, feed, and water and tea intake, according to the allocated group. After 16 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and the levels of creatinine, inflammatory cytokines, testosterone, cholesterol, triglycerides, and electrolytes were evaluated. In addition, histopathological analysis of the animals' bladder was performed. RESULTS: Groups receiving HS (G2 and G4) showed decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α. HS tea was able to reduce low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in the G2 group compared to other groups. Only in the G3 there was a significant increase in the body weight when it was compared the 12th and 16th weeks. Leptin was shown to be elevated in the groups that received a high-fat diet. There was a significant decrease in the muscle fibers thickness and in the total collagen count in G4 bladder when compared with G1 and G3. CONCLUSIONS: HS has an anti-inflammatory role, can reverse hyperlipidemia in rats, and reduced deleterious effects of obesity on these animals' bladder.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Alta en Grasa , Hibiscus , Obesidad , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas Wistar , Vejiga Urinaria , Animales , Hibiscus/química , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Vejiga Urinaria/efectos de los fármacos , Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Triglicéridos/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Leptina/sangre

RESUMEN

Liraglutide, an analog of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is widely used for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment. However, there is scarce information about its effects on testicular function. Within the testis, Sertoli cells (SCs) provide nutritional support for germ cells; they metabolize glucose to lactate, which is delivered to germ cells to be used as a preferred energy substrate. Besides, SCs use fatty acids (FAs) as an energy source and store them as triacylglycerols (TAGs) within lipid droplets (LDs), which serve as an important energy reserve. In the present study, 20-day-old rat SC cultures were used to assess whether liraglutide affects their metabolic functions related to nutritional support and lipid storage. The results show that liraglutide does not modify glucose consumption or lactate production. However, it increases TAG levels and LD content. These effects are accompanied by an increase in the mRNA levels of the fatty acid transporter FAT/CD36, glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferase 3, and perilipins 1 and 4. The participation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway was explored. We observed that H89 (a PKA inhibitor) decreases the LD upregulation elicited by liraglutide, and that dibutyryl cAMP increases LD content and the expression of related genes. In summary, liraglutide promotes lipid storage in SCs through the regulation of key regulatory genes involved in FA transport, TAG synthesis, and LD formation. Considering the importance of lipid storage in SC energetic homeostasis maintenance, we postulate that liraglutide might improve the overall energetic status of the seminiferous tubule.

Asunto(s)

Metabolismo Energético , Liraglutida , Células de Sertoli , Animales , Masculino , Liraglutida/farmacología , Células de Sertoli/metabolismo , Células de Sertoli/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Células Cultivadas , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/metabolismo , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/análogos & derivados , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/farmacología , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Gotas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Gotas Lipídicas/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Antígenos CD36/genética

RESUMEN

The occurrence of dyslipidaemia, which is an established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has been attributed to multiple factors including genetic and environmental factors. We used a genetic risk score (GRS) to assess the interactions between genetic variants and dietary factors on lipid-related traits in a cross-sectional study of 190 Brazilians (mean age: 21 ± 2 years). Dietary intake was assessed by a trained nutritionist using three 24-h dietary recalls. The high GRS was significantly associated with increased concentration of TAG (beta = 0·10 mg/dl, 95 % CI 0·05-0·16; P < 0·001), LDL-cholesterol (beta = 0·07 mg/dl, 95 % CI 0·04, 0·11; P < 0·0001), total cholesterol (beta = 0·05 mg/dl, 95 % CI: 0·03, 0·07; P < 0·0001) and the ratio of TAG to HDL-cholesterol (beta = 0·09 mg/dl, 95 % CI: 0·03, 0·15; P = 0·002). Significant interactions were found between the high GRS and total fat intake on TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio (Pinteraction = 0·03) and between the high GRS and SFA intake on TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio (Pinteraction = 0·03). A high intake of total fat (>31·5 % of energy) and SFA (>8·6 % of energy) was associated with higher TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio in individuals with the high GRS (beta = 0·14, 95 % CI: 0·06, 0·23; P < 0·001 for total fat intake; beta = 0·13, 95 % CI: 0·05, 0·22; P = 0·003 for SFA intake). Our study provides evidence that the genetic risk of high TAG:HDL-cholesterol ratio might be modulated by dietary fat intake in Brazilians, and these individuals might benefit from limiting their intake of total fat and SFA.

Asunto(s)

HDL-Colesterol , Grasas de la Dieta , Humanos , Brasil , Masculino , Femenino , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Dislipidemias/genética , Dislipidemias/etiología , Triglicéridos/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Dieta , Adulto , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adolescente , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Puntuación de Riesgo Genético

RESUMEN

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with lipid profile abnormalities of children aged 6 to 42 months in a Central-West Brazilian capital city. This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline of a cluster-randomized clinical trial conducted in parallel. It evaluated the lipid profile, usual nutrients intake (direct food-weighing method and 24-hour dietary recall), anthropometric parameters, and socioeconomic aspects of 169 children from early childhood education centers. Poisson regression with robust variance analysis was conducted. Of the total sample, 85% had dyslipidemia, 72% had high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c) levels below the desired range, 49% had increased triglycerides (TG), 17% exhibited elevated low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and 15% showed high total cholesterol (TC). An increase in the body mass index (BMI) for age z-score was associated with a higher prevalence of increased TG (PR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.05-1.41; p = 0.009). Higher age in children was associated with an increased prevalence of high LDL-c (PR = 1.037; 95%CI: 1.01-1.07; p = 0.022) and TC (PR = 1.036; 95%CI: 1.00-1.07; p = 0.037), however it was a protective factor against low HDL-c (PR = 0.991; 95%CI: 0.98-1.00; p = 0.042). High energy intake was associated with low HDL-c (PR = 1.001; 95%CI: 1.00-1.00; p = 0.023). A higher prevalence of increased LDL-c (PR = 1.005; 95%CI: 1.00-1.01; p = 0.006) and decreased HDL-c (PR = 1.002; 95%CI: 1.00-1.00; p < 0.001) were associated with dietary cholesterol intake. Most of the children presented at least one alteration in serum lipids. Lipid profile abnormalities were associated with higher BMI, older age, and increased caloric and cholesterol intake.

Asunto(s)

Dislipidemias , Factores Socioeconómicos , Humanos , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , Dislipidemias/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Preescolar , Lactante , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Triglicéridos/sangre , Lípidos/sangre

RESUMEN

There is scarce information about the effect of sperm morphology and seminal plasma composition on cat semen freezability. Thus, this study aims to assess the effect of cat sperm morphology and seminal plasma cholesterol (CHOL) and triacylglyceride (TAG) concentrations on sperm post-thaw survival. Ejaculates (n = 49) were evaluated, and seminal plasma was separated and frozen until CHOL and TAG concentrations were measured. The sperm pellet was diluted in a tris-based egg yolk extender, frozen (n = 38), or processed for sperm ultrastructure study (n = 11). Abnormalities recorded were abnormal head shape and size, detached heads, knobbed or ruffled acrosomes, eccentric mid-piece insertion, proximal and distal cytoplasmic droplets, folded and coiled tails, and Dag defect. Ultramicroscopic evaluation detected several sperm abnormalities in fresh semen and some sperm damage in frozen semen. Seminal plasma lipids components were positively correlated with post-thaw motility and acrosome integrity. Higher freezability indices for motility and acrosome integrity were observed in frozen-thawed semen with high seminal plasma CHOL and TAG concentrations. No freezability differences were observed between teratozoospermic and normozoospermic ejaculates. Our results showed that even when seminal plasma was removed before cryopreservation, sperm survival after thawing was significantly higher in samples with high seminal plasma CHOL and TAG concentrations, indicating a rapid adherence to these compounds to the sperm plasma membrane, protecting sperm cells from temperature changes. Nevertheless, there were no differences in sperm freezability by sperm morphology.

Asunto(s)

Colesterol , Criopreservación , Preservación de Semen , Semen , Espermatozoides , Triglicéridos , Animales , Masculino , Gatos , Semen/química , Colesterol/sangre , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Triglicéridos/sangre , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Motilidad Espermática

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Subfatin, a newly discovered adipokine, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. The relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal dyslipidemia is well-documented. AIMS: This study aims to assess serum subfatin levels and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in women with one abnormal glucose tolerance test value and those with gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS: In this case-control study, 105 pregnant women were categorized into three groups: women with normal 3-h oral glucose tolerance test results (n=35), women with one abnormal 3-h oral glucose tolerance test result (n=35), and women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (n=35). Serum subfatin levels were measured using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS: Serum subfatin levels were significantly lower in the gestational diabetes mellitus group (0.94±0.15 ng/mL) compared to the normal oral glucose tolerance test group (1.48±0.55 ng/mL) and the group with one abnormal oral glucose tolerance test result (1.50±0.59 ng/mL). The triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was also lower in the healthy control group than in the gestational diabetes mellitus and one abnormal oral glucose tolerance test result groups. CONCLUSION: Serum subfatin levels in women with one abnormal abnormal glucose tolerance test value are compared to those in the control group, while the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is significantly altered in women with one abnormal abnormal glucose tolerance test value when compared to the control group.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Gestacional , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Femenino , Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Embarazo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Adulto , Triglicéridos/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Glucemia/análisis , Biomarcadores/sangre , Valores de Referencia , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/sangre

RESUMEN

This work evaluated structured lipids (SLs) through chemical and enzymatic interesterification (CSLs and ESLs). Blends of soybean oil and peanut oil 1:1 wt% were used, with gradual addition of fully hydrogenated crambe to obtain a final behenic acid concentration of 6, 12, 18, and 24 %. Chemical catalysis used sodium methoxide (0.4 wt%) at 100 °C for 30 min, while enzymatic catalysis used Lipozyme TL IM (5 wt%) at 60 °C for 6 h. Major fatty acids identified were C16:0, C18:0, and C22:0. It was observed that with gradual increase of hard fat, the CSLs showed high concentrations of reaction intermediates, indicating further a steric hindrance, unlike ESLs. Increased hard fat also altered crystallization profile and triacylglycerols composition and ESLs showed lower solid fat, unlike CSLs. Both methods effectively produced SLs as an alternative to trans and palm fats, view to potential future applications in food products.

Asunto(s)

Aceite de Palma , Aceite de Soja , Aceite de Palma/química , Aceite de Soja/química , Esterificación , Aceite de Cacahuete/química , Ácidos Grasos trans/química , Ácidos Grasos trans/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/química , Lípidos/química , Triglicéridos/química , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Lipasa/química , Lipasa/metabolismo , Hidrogenación

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To determine how age affects insulin resistance during the menstrual cycle and insulin resistance-associated indices: the Triglyceride-glucose and Triglyceride-glucose-BMI indexes. METHODS: This prospective observational study used fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and days since the start of the menstrual period collected from the NHANES dataset (1999-2006). Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The participants were categorized as young (16-34 years) or older (>35 years). Rhythmicity during the menstrual cycle was analyzed using the Cosinor and Cosinor2 packages for R. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cosine fit curves for insulin resistance during the menstrual cycle and age-associated effects on rhythmicity. RESULTS: Using 1256 participants, rhythmicity was observed for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) but not for fasting plasma glucose, the Triglyceride-glucose index, or the Triglyceride-glucose-BMI index. Significant amplitudes for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were observed when age was considered. Acrophases for fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were significant only for the younger group, and the differences between these groups were significant, suggesting that the changes in scores for insulin resistance for the younger and older groups occur at different times of their menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance does fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, and it is at a maximum at different times for younger and older women. Since these results are unadjusted, this study is preliminary and further investigation is required.

Asunto(s)

Glucemia , Índice de Masa Corporal , Resistencia a la Insulina , Insulina , Ciclo Menstrual , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Triglicéridos/sangre , Ciclo Menstrual/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Insulina/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales , Ayuno/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Homeostasis

RESUMEN

Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a Brazilian palm tree whose oil in the pulp is rich in oleic acid and carotenoids. However, its physiological function remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of macauba pulp oil (MPO) on the metabolic link between lipid metabolism and lifespan using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). C. elegans were treated with 5.0 mg/mL of MPO for analyzing triglyceride and glycerol accumulation, fatty acid profile, gene expression of lipid and oxidative metabolism proteins under cold (4°C) stress conditions, and lifespan analysis under stress conditions such as cold (4°C), heat (37°C), and oxidative (paraquat) stress. MPO significantly suppressed fat accumulation and increased glycerol (a lipolysis index) and the lifespan of C. elegans at low temperature (4°C). This was accompanied by decreased mRNA levels of the genes involved in lipogenesis (spb-1 and pod-2) and increased levels of the genes involved in fatty acid ß-oxidation (acs-2 and nhr-49) and fat mobilization genes (hosl-1 and aak-2). Additionally, MPO treatment modulated fatty acid pools in C. elegans at low temperatures in that MPO treatment decreased saturated fatty acid levels and shifted the fatty acid profile to long-chain fatty acids. Moreover, the effect of MPO on fat accumulation at low temperatures was abolished in fat-7 mutants, whereas both fat-1 and fat-7 contribute, at least in part, to MPO-elevated survival of C. elegans under cold conditions. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results obtained in the present study may contribute to the understanding of the health benefits of consuming macauba pulp oil and consequently stimulate economic growth and the industrial application of this new type of oil, which may result in the creation of new jobs and increased value of small producers.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans , Caenorhabditis elegans , Frío , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Longevidad , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/efectos de los fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/fisiología , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Arecaceae/química , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Glicerol/metabolismo , Glicerol/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Aceite de Palma/farmacología

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate if a mixture of functional lipids (FLs), containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), tocopherols (TPs), and phytosterols (PSs), prevents some lipid alterations induced by high-fat (HF) diets, without adverse effects. METHODS: Male CF1 mice (n = 6/group) were fed (4 weeks) with control (C), HF, or HF + FL diets. RESULTS: FL prevented the overweight induced by the HF diet and reduced the adipose tissue (AT) weight, associated with lower energy efficiency. After the intervention period, the serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in both HF diets underwent a decrease associated with an enhanced LPL activity (mainly in muscle). The beneficial effect of the FL mixture on body weight gain and AT weight might be attributed to the decreased lipogenesis, denoted by the lower mRNA levels of SREBP1-c and ACC in AT, as well as by an exacerbated lipid catabolism, reflected by increased mRNA levels of PPARα, ATGL, HSL, and UCP2 in AT. Liver TAG levels were reduced in the HF + FL group due to an elevated lipid oxidation associated with a higher CPT-1 activity and mRNA levels of PPARα and CPT-1a. Moreover, genes linked to fatty acid biosynthesis (SREBP1-c and ACC) showed decreased mRNA levels in both HF diets, this finding being more pronounced in the HF + FL group. CONCLUSION: The administration of an FL mixture (CLA + TP + PS) prevented some lipid alterations induced by a HF diet, avoiding frequent deleterious effects of CLA in mice through the modulation of gene expression related to the regulation of lipid metabolism.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Alta en Grasa , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado , PPAR alfa , Proteína 1 de Unión a los Elementos Reguladores de Esteroles , Triglicéridos , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratones , Masculino , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , PPAR alfa/genética , Proteína 1 de Unión a los Elementos Reguladores de Esteroles/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Unión a los Elementos Reguladores de Esteroles/genética , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/farmacología , Lipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/metabolismo , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 2/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 2/genética , Fitosteroles/farmacología , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Lipoproteína Lipasa/metabolismo , Lipoproteína Lipasa/genética

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to establish zebrafish as an experimental model for investigations into obesity and physical exercise, as well as to assess the effects of these factors on metabolism. The experiment spanned twelve weeks, comprising a feeding trial during which the last four weeks incorporated a physical exercise protocol. This protocol involved placing fifteen animals in a five-liter aquarium, where they were subjected to swimming at an approximate speed of 0.08 m/s for 30 min daily. Throughout the experiment, histological analyses of visceral, subcutaneous, and hepatic adipose tissues were conducted, along with biochemical analyses of total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, glucose, lactate, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Additionally, oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase activity and the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, were investigated. The results revealed that the group fed a high-fat diet exhibited an increase in ROS production and SOD activity. In contrast, the group administered the high-fat diet and subjected to physical exercise demonstrated a notable reduction in visceral adipocyte area, hepatic steatosis levels, ALT levels, and SOD activity. These findings indicate that physical exercise has a positive effect on obesity and oxidative stress in zebrafish, providing promising evidence for future investigations in this field.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Alta en Grasa , Estrés Oxidativo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Superóxido Dismutasa , Pez Cebra , Animales , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/sangre , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Catalasa/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Natación , Colesterol/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangre

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for several cardiometabolic disorders; however, there is conflicting evidence about the reliability of certain IR markers. In this context, the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) has been proposed as a surrogate marker for IR. This study aimed to compare the TyG index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from 11,314 adults (aged 35-74 years) from the ELSA-Brasil study. The correlation between TyG and HOMA-IR, their interrater reliability, and their predictive value in identifying metabolic syndrome (MetS) were assessed. The mean TyG and HOMA-IR in our sample were 8.81 ± 0.52 and 2.78 ± 1.58 for men, and 8.53 ± 0.48 and 2.49 ± 1.38 for women, respectively. TyG and HOMA-IR showed a weak to moderate correlation with each other (Pearson's r for men: 0.395 and 0.409 for women, p-value <0.05) and other markers of glycemic metabolism. Additionally, the area under the curve for the prediction of MetS was greater for TyG than HOMA-IR, regardless of sex (TyG: 0.836 for men and 0.826 for women; HOMA-IR: 0.775 for men and 0.787 for women). The concordance between these markers was low (Cohens kappa coefficient: 0.307 for men and 0.306 for women). Individuals with increased TyG exhibited mainly anthropometrical and glycemic metabolic alterations, whereas those with elevated HOMA-IR displayed mostly lipid-associated metabolic alterations. CONCLUSION: TyG and HOMA-IR might indicate different profiles of cardiometabolic disorders, showing poor agreement in classifying individuals (normal vs. altered) and a weak correlation. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the role of TyG as a surrogate marker of IR.

Asunto(s)

Glucemia , Resistencia a la Insulina , Síndrome Metabólico , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Triglicéridos/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Anciano , Glucemia/metabolismo , Brasil/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Adiposity favors several metabolic disorders with an exacerbated chronic pro-inflammatory status and tissue damage, with high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the influence of bariatric surgery on the crosstalk between PAI-1 and PCSK9 to regulate metabolic markers. METHODS: Observational and longitudinal study of 190 patients with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities who underwent bariatric surgery. We measured, before and after bariatric surgery, the anthropometric variables and we performed biochemical analysis by standard methods (glucose, insulin, triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and TG/HDL-C ratio, PAI-1 and PCSK9 were measured by ELISA). RESULTS: PAI-1 levels decreased significantly after bariatric surgery, and were positively correlated with lipids, glucose, and TG, with significance on PCSK9 and TG/HDL-C alleviating the insulin resistance (IR) and inducing a state reversal of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a significant decrease in body weight and BMI (p <0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis predicted a functional model in which PAI-1 acts as a regulator of PCSK9 (p <0.002), TG (p <0.05), and BMI; at the same time, PCSK9 modulates LDL-C HDL-C and PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS: After bariatric surgery, we found a positive association and crosstalk between PAI-1 and PCSK9, which modulates the delicate balance of cholesterol, favoring the decrease of circulating lipids, TG, and PAI-1, which influences the glucose levels with amelioration of IR and T2D, demonstrating the crosstalk between fibrinolysis and lipid metabolism, the two main factors involved in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in human obesity.

Asunto(s)

Cirugía Bariátrica , Obesidad , Inhibidor 1 de Activador Plasminogénico , Proproteína Convertasa 9 , Humanos , Inhibidor 1 de Activador Plasminogénico/sangre , Inhibidor 1 de Activador Plasminogénico/metabolismo , Proproteína Convertasa 9/sangre , Proproteína Convertasa 9/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/cirugía , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/sangre , Estudios Longitudinales , Resistencia a la Insulina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirugía , Triglicéridos/sangre , Triglicéridos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) comprise major causes of death worldwide, leading to extensive burden on populations and societies. Alterations in normal lipid profiles, i.e., dyslipidemia, comprise important risk factors for CVDs. However, there is lack of comprehensive evidence on the genetic contribution to dyslipidemia in highly admixed populations. The identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to blood lipid traits in the Brazilian population was based on genome-wide associations using data from the São Paulo Health Survey with Focus on Nutrition (ISA-Nutrition). METHODS: A total of 667 unrelated individuals had genetic information on 330,656 SNPs available, and were genotyped with Axiom™ 2.0 Precision Medicine Research Array. Genetic associations were tested at the 10- 5 significance level for the following phenotypes: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), HDL-c/LDL-c ratio, triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol, and non-HDL-c. RESULTS: There were 19 significantly different SNPs associated with lipid traits, the majority of which corresponding to intron variants, especially in the genes FAM81A, ZFHX3, PTPRD, and POMC. Three variants (rs1562012, rs16972039, and rs73401081) and two variants (rs8025871 and rs2161683) were associated with two and three phenotypes, respectively. Among the subtypes, non-HDL-c had the highest proportion of associated variants. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present genome-wide association study offer new insights into the genetic structure underlying lipid traits in underrepresented populations with high ancestry admixture. The associations were robust across multiple lipid phenotypes, and some of the phenotypes were associated with two or three variants. In addition, some variants were present in genes that encode ncRNAs, raising important questions regarding their role in lipid metabolism.

Asunto(s)

Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lípidos/sangre , Lípidos/genética , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/genética , Triglicéridos/sangre , Triglicéridos/genética , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/genética , Dislipidemias/genética , Dislipidemias/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Fenotipo

RESUMEN

In recent years, novel apoC3 inhibitor therapies for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia have been developed and assessed through phase II and III clinical trials. The objective of this study was to perform an updated meta-analysis on the impact of new apoC3 inhibitor drugs on triglyceride and apoC3 levels, as well as on the incidence of pancreatitis. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled studies assessing the effects of apoC3 inhibitors therapy (antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA) on triglyceride levels, apoC3 levels, and the occurrence of acute pancreatitis. This meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The random-effects model was performed. Nine randomized clinical trials (n = 717 patients) were considered eligible for this systematic review. ApoC3 inhibitor drugs were consistently associated with decreased triglyceride levels (MD -57.0%; 95% CI -61.9 to -52.1, I2 82%) and lowered apoC3 values (MD -76; 95% CI -80.1 to -71.8, I2 77%) when compared to placebo. Furthermore, the use of apoC3 inhibitor drugs demonstrated a reduction in the risk of acute pancreatitis (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27, I2 0%). The present updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials demonstrated that the utilization of apoC3 inhibitors in patients with hypertriglyceridemia correlated with reduced apoC3 and triglyceride levels, along with a decreased risk of acute pancreatitis compared to the placebo.

Asunto(s)

Apolipoproteína C-III , Hipertrigliceridemia , Pancreatitis , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Apolipoproteína C-III/antagonistas & inhibidores , Apolipoproteína C-III/sangre , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangre , Hipertrigliceridemia/complicaciones , Hipertrigliceridemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertrigliceridemia/metabolismo , Pancreatitis/epidemiología , Pancreatitis/metabolismo , Pancreatitis/prevención & control , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Triglicéridos/sangre , Triglicéridos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

AIM: To determine the association between atherogenic markers, such as total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C), triglycerides/HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C), and triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), and the risk of 1-year amputation in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study conducted in 162 adult patients with diabetic foot. The outcome was amputation, defined as "primary amputation in patients' clinical history after their first hospitalization due to foot ulcer.". The cutoff point was determined using Youden's J statistic. The relative risk (RR) was presented as an association measure. RESULTS: A TyG index of >9.4 [RR: 1.64 (1.10-2.45)] was associated with a high risk of amputation after 1-year in adults with diabetic foot. However, while a TC/HDL ratio of >4.69 [RR: 1.38 (0.94-2.03)] and a TG/HDL-C ratio > 3.57 [RR: 1.35 (0.89-2.06)] did not show associations with risk of amputation after 1-year. CONCLUSIONS: Only a TyG index of >9.4 was associated with an increased risk of 1-year amputation in adults with diabetic foot. Future studies with larger samples and a longitudinal design may provide more robust evidence and a better understanding of clinical implications.

Asunto(s)

Amputación Quirúrgica , Biomarcadores , Pie Diabético , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Humanos , Pie Diabético/cirugía , Pie Diabético/sangre , Pie Diabético/epidemiología , Amputación Quirúrgica/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Aterosclerosis/sangre , Aterosclerosis/epidemiología , Aterosclerosis/cirugía , Aterosclerosis/complicaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Triglicéridos/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Adulto , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Introduction. Altered serum zinc levels, lower and higher than values in healthy controls, have been observed in individuals affected by non-communicable chronic diseases. However, to date, studies describing potential determinants of zinc levels in general populations free of chronic diseases appear to be limited. Objective. To evaluate whether nutrient intake, biochemical and clinical measures, lifestyle, and family history of cardio-metabolic diseases are independently associated with zinc levels in apparently healthy individuals. Materials and methods. We evaluated 239 healthy subjects. Serum zinc was measured via flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and the remaining biochemical markers were assessed using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Standard techniques were employed to quantify waist circumference, height, and weight. Body fat was measured via bioimpedance, and blood pressure was measured using digital sphygmomanometers. We applied a survey to record the personal and family history of non-communicable chronic diseases, and nutrient intake was estimated using the 24-hour recall method. Results. Women had lower serum zinc levels than men. In multivariate analyzes, total fat intake (ß = -0.15; standard error = 0.03; p < 0.001), plasma log-triglycerides (ß = -10.18; standard error = 3.9; p = 0.010), and female gender (ß = -6.81; standard error = 3.3; p = 0.043) were significant predictors for serum zinc levels. Zinc intake was not significantly related to serum zinc in univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions. Variables related to cardiometabolic risk, such as plasma triglyceride levels and total fat intake, were associated with serum zinc levels in individuals without a diagnosis of chronic or infectious/inflammatory diseases. Further studies are required to confirm our findings and to evaluate possible biological mechanisms for these relationships.

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Introducción: Se han observado niveles séricos alterados de zinc, más altos o más bajos, en personas afectadas por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Sin embargo, la información sobre determinantes de zinc sérico en poblaciones sin enfermedad crónica es muy limitada. OBJETIVO: Evaluar si la ingestión de nutrientes, las medidas bioquímicas y clínicas, el estilo de vida y los antecedentes familiares de las enfermedades cardiometabólicas están asociados de forma independiente con los niveles de zinc en individuos aparentemente sanos. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 239 sujetos sanos. El zinc sérico se midió por espectrometría de absorción atómica de llama y el resto de los marcadores bioquímicos por métodos enzimáticos-colorimétricos. Se utilizaron técnicas estándar para medir la antropometría. Se aplicó una encuesta para registrar antecedentes personales y familiares, y se estimó el consumo de nutrientes por recordatorio de 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Las mujeres tenían niveles séricos de zinc más bajos que los hombres. En los análisis multivariados, la ingestión total de grasas (ß = -0,15; error estándar = 0,03; p <0,001), los triglicéridos plasmáticos (ß = -10,18; error estándar = 3,9; p = 0,010), y el sexo femenino (ß = -6,81; error estándar = 3.3; p = 0,043) fueron predictores significativos de los niveles séricos de zinc. La ingestión de zinc no estuvo significativamente relacionada con el zinc sérico en los análisis univariados y multivariados. CONCLUSIONES: Las variables relacionadas con el riesgo cardiometabólico como los niveles de triglicéridos y la ingestión total de grasas se asociaron con los niveles de zinc en individuos sin diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas o infecciosas-inflamatorias. Se requieren más estudios para confirmar estos hallazgos, así como la evaluación de los posibles mecanismos biológicos de estas relaciones.

Asunto(s)

Zinc , Humanos , Zinc/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Transversales , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Projected to impact 310 million children by the next decade, childhood obesity is linked to serious health issues like metabolic disturbance and cardiovascular diseases. This study introduces a novel approach for the integrated assessment of inflammatory, glycemic and lipid disorders in obese children in resources-limited settings and also identifies key factors contributing to these changes. Conducting a cross-sectional analysis of 231 children aged 5-12 years from public schools in Brazil's semi-arid region, the research involved collecting medical history, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples to analyze glycemic and lipid profiles, along with C-reactive protein levels. We used an adapted the Molecular Degree of Perturbation model to analyze deviations in metabolic markers from a healthy control group. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact tests, backward logistic regression, and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study identified a direct and independent association between elevated Metabolic Disturbance Degree and both overweight and obesity in children, with significant differences in CRP, Triglycerides, and HDL levels noted between obese and healthy-weight groups. The findings highlight the critical need for early detection and comprehensive understanding of obesity-related changes to mitigate the severe health risks associated with childhood obesity.

Asunto(s)

Obesidad Infantil , Humanos , Niño , Obesidad Infantil/sangre , Obesidad Infantil/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Enfermedades Metabólicas/sangre , Enfermedades Metabólicas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Metabólicas/etiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre

RESUMEN

This study aimed to investigate metabolism modulation and dyslipidemia in genetic dyslipidemic mice through physical exercise. Thirty-four male C57Bl/6 mice aged 15 months were divided into non-transgenic (NTG) and transgenic overexpressing apoCIII (CIII) groups. After treadmill adaptation, the trained groups (NTG Ex and CIII Ex) underwent an effort test to determine running performance and assess oxygen consumption (V̇O2), before and after the training protocol. The exercised groups went through an 8-week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program, consisting of 40 min of treadmill running at 60% of the peak velocity achieved in the test, three times per week. At the end of the training, animals were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected for ex vivo analysis. ApoCIII overexpression led to hypertriglyceridemia (P<0.0001) and higher concentrations of total plasma cholesterol (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.01), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (P<0.0001) in the animals. Furthermore, the transgenic mice exhibited increased adipose mass (P<0.05) and higher V̇O2peak compared to their NTG controls (P<0.0001). Following the exercise protocol, MICT decreased triglyceridemia and cholesterol levels in dyslipidemic animals (P<0.05), and reduced adipocyte size (P<0.05), increased muscular glycogen (P<0.001), and improved V̇O2 in all trained animals (P<0.0001). These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of moderate and continuous exercise training, a feasible non-pharmacological intervention, on the metabolic profile of genetically dyslipidemic subjects.

Asunto(s)

Dislipidemias , Consumo de Oxígeno , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Triglicéridos , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Dislipidemias/terapia , Dislipidemias/genética , Hipertrigliceridemia/terapia , Hipertrigliceridemia/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Transgénicos , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Triglicéridos/sangre

RESUMEN

The selection of oleaginous bacteria, potentially applicable to biotechnological approaches, is usually carried out by different expensive and time-consuming techniques. In this study, we used Oil Red O (ORO) as an useful dye for staining of neutral lipids (triacylglycerols and wax esters) on thin-layer chromatography plates. ORO could detect minimal quantities of both compounds (detection limit, 0.0025 mg of tripalmitin or 0.005 mg of cetylpalmitate). In addition, we developed a specific, rapid, and inexpensive screening methodology to detect triacylglycerol-accumulating microorganisms grown on the agar plate. This staining methodology detected 9/13 strains with a triacylglycerol content higher than 20% by cellular dry weight. ORO did not stain polyhydroxyalkanoates-producing bacteria. The four oleaginous strains not detected by this screening methodology exhibited a mucoid morphology of their colonies. Apparently, an extracellular polymeric substance produced by these strains hampered the entry of the lipophilic dye into cells. The utilization of the developed screening methodology would allow selecting of oleaginous bacteria in a simpler and faster way than techniques usually used nowadays, based on unspecific staining protocols and spectrophotometric or chromatographic methods. Furthermore, the use of ORO as a staining reagent would easily characterize the neutral lipids accumulated by microorganisms as reserve compounds. KEY POINTS: • Oil Red O staining is specific for triacylglycerols • Oil Red O staining is useful to detect oleaginous bacteria • Fast and inexpensive staining to isolate oleaginous bacteria from the environment.

Asunto(s)

Compuestos Azo , Bacterias , Coloración y Etiquetado , Triglicéridos , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/química , Compuestos Azo/metabolismo , Compuestos Azo/química , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/análisis , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos